•NRLF 


SB    5D 


V 


co 


Age  of  tlie   Trees— Hints  of 
historic  Mail. 


Correspondence  of  the  San  Franciss: 
We  smarted  out  a  merry  party  of 
five  or  twenty-six  one  day  last  weel 
that  wonderful  relic  of  a  bygone 
petrified  forest  near  Calistoga.  Tin 
the  petrified  forest  is  about  1,000  feai 
sea  level,  and  lies  in  the  same  trend 
Geysers,  Mount  St.  Helena,  and  the 
springs  of  Calistoga.  Geologically,  ii 
vast  tufa  bed,  in  which  the  trees  lie 
were  thrown,  probably  thousands  < 
ago,  by  gome  vast  convulsion  of  natun 
tufa,  I  will  say,  for  the  beneit  at  tfc. 
itiate  in  scientific  lore,  is  a  volcanic 
cinder ;  it  is  lava  thrown  upward  in 
mass  and  descending  with  rain.  It  is 
color  and  granular  in  structure.  So 
it  is  found  imbedded  in  the  form 
globes  or  bombs.  Ammonites,  four 
strata,  fix  the  event  in  the  cretaceous 
the  Professor  inclines  to  the  opinioi 
was  preglacial.  The  trees  lie  at  fl 
different  levels— on  the  lower  almos 
and  south;  at  the  highest,  norths 
south- west.  At  the  latter  level  the  tr< 
have  been  buried  under  eighty  or  one 
feet  of  lava;  at  the  lowest,  500  feet 
dip  conforms  to  the  dip  of  the  tufa,  « 
an  angle  of  from  thirty  to  forty-five 
They  are  in  fragments,  many  of  wh 
been  converted  into  charcoal,  others  i 
nite,  and  others  into  beautiful  speci 
jet.  Where  the  heart  of  a  tree  had  < 
the  cavity  is  filled  with  opal — a  form 
trous  uncrystallised  silica,  contatninj 
Chalcedony,  another  form  of  silica,  b 
and  limpid,  is  found  in  other  cavit 
top  has  been  petrified,  and  only  1 
there  a  root.  Many  have  oeen  cha: 
fire.  Some  were  broken  after  peti 
had  taken  place,  as  there  is  no  mark 
tering  or  bruising.  What  must  hs 
the  giant  force  that  followed  their 
struction  to  have  dealt  this  further  bio 
majority  of  the  trees  are  redwood,  so 
the  madrona,  and  the  limb  of  an  oak 
been  found.  One  of  the  first  named  i 
feet  in  diameter,  and  the  part  of  tl 
still  preserved  is  sixty-eight  feet  in 
Another  shows  msrks  of  having  beec 
with  an  ax,  probably  made  of  obsidia 
the  pre-historic  implements  from  this 
were  made  of  this  same  substance,  a 
rock,  which  appears  in  abundance  all 
There  is  no  mistaking  the  fact  that  the 
was  done  before  petrifaction  begar 
cuts  occur  at  different  angles  to  the  \ 
the  wood.  The  deduction  is  inevitab 
man  was  in  California  before  the  I 
Mount  St.  Helena  even,  and  also  that 
of  a  tjpe  superior  to  the  people  who  ii 
it  at  the  advent  of  the  European,  f6r  1 
how  to  fashion  cutting  tools. 


A 

CATALOGUE 


OF 

AMERICAN  MINERALS, 

W1THTHEIR 

LOCALITIES ; 

INCLUDING  ALL  WHICH  ARE  KNOWN  TO      X1ST  IN  THJE 

UNITED  STATES  AND  BT     t'ISK  PROVINCES, 

AND  I'     MUG  THE 

TOWNS,  COUNTIES,  AND  DISTRICTS  IN  EACH  STATE  AND  PROVINCE 
ARRANGED  ALPHABETICALLY. 

WITH  AN 

APPENDIX, 

CONTAINING 

• 

ADDITIONAL  LOCALITIES  AND  A  TABULAR  VIEW. 


BY  SAMUEL  ROBINSON,  M.  D. 

MEMBER  OE  THE  AMERICAN  GEOLOGICAL  SOCIETY. 


BOSTON  : 
PUBLISHED  BY  CUMMINGS,  BILLIARD,  &  CO. 

1825. 


DISTRICT  OF  MASSACHUSETTS,  TO  WIT. 

District  Clerk's  Oflht. 

BE  it  remembered,  that  on  the  nineteenth  day  of  March,  A.  D  1825,  and 
in  the  forty-ninth  year  of  the  independence  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
SAMUEL  ROBINSON,  of  the  said  district,  has  deposited  in  this  office  the  title  of 
a  book,  the  right  whereof  he  claims  as  author,  in  the  words  following,  to 
wit: 

"  A  Catalogue  of  American  Minerals,  with  their  localities ;  including  all 
which  are  known  to  exist  in  the  United  States  and  British  Provinces,  and  hav- 
ing the  towns,  counties,  and  districts  in  each  state  and  province  arranged  al- 
phabetically. With  an  Appendix,  containing  additional  localities  and  a  tab- 
ular view.  By  Samuel  Robinson,  M.  D.  member  of  the  American  Geolog- 
ical Society." 

In  conformity  to  the  act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States,  entitled  "  An 
act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the  copies  of  maps, 
charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  such  copies,  during  the 
times  therein  mentioned  ;"  and  also  to  an  act,  entitled,  "  An  act  supplementa- 
ry to  an  act,  entitled,  '  An  act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing 
the  copies  of  maps,  charts,  and  books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors  of  such 
copies,  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,'  and  extending  the  benefits 
thereof  to  the  arts  ot  designing,  engraving,  and  etching  historical  and  other 
prints." 

JNO.   W.  DAVIS, 
Clerk  of  the,  District  of  Massachusetts. 


CAMBRIDGE  -.—  University  Press,  Milliard  $  Metcalf. 


"^y*       0^  THT? 


. 

PREFACE. 


THE  author  commenced  the  compilation  of  the  following 
Catalogue  of  American  Minerals  for  his  own  use  ;  having  in 
many  instances  experienced  much  difficulty  in  finding  local- 
ities which  had  been  published,  and  in  ascertaining  what 
minerals  were  near  him  in  his  excursions  :  but  believing 
it  may  be  as  useful  to  others  as  to  himself,  he  is  induced 
to  offer  it  to  the  public. 

Professor  Cleaveland's  work  is  sufficient  authority  for 
localities  of  minerals,  in  the  closet ;  but  in  travelling  to  col- 
lect specimens,  the  mineralogist,  who  wishes  to  know 
what  minerals  may  be  found  in  the  district  of  country  he  is 
passing  through,  is  obliged  to  look  over  the  whole  work, 
together  with  the  American  Journal  of  Science,  and  other 
publications. 

This  Catalogue  is  not  only  calculated  for  a  guide  to  those 
who  are  travelling  to  make  collections;  but  to  the  mineral- 
ogist who  is  stationary,  it  presents  a  condensed  view  of  the 
minerals  he  may  wish  to  obtain.  As  this  is  not  meant  for 
an  elementary  work,  the  author  has  not  generally  given  a  de- 
scription of  the  mineral,  unless  it  appears  in  an  uncommon 
form  or  color ;  but  he  has  frequently  given  its  geological  sit- 
uation, as,  in  some  instances,  it  was  the  best  direction  for 
its  locality  he  was  enabled  to  obtain.  He  is  principally  in- 
debted to  "  Cleaveland's  Mineralogy,"  and  "  The  American 
Journal  of  Science,"  for  the  localities  in  this  Catalogue,  but 


iv  PREFACE. 

he  has  made  considerable  additions  from  the  publications 
of  Dr.  John  H.  Steel,  Henry  Schoolcraft,  Esq.,  Isaac  Lea, 
Prof.  Eaton,  Prof.  F.  Hall ;  also,  from  the  Messrs  Dana's 
Mineralogy  of  Boston  and  its  Vicinity,  The  Journal  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  The  Annals 
of  the  Lyceum  of  New  York,  The  Boston  Journal  of  Phi- 
losophy, &c.  And  he  feels  himself  under  particular  obli- 
gations to  those  gentlemen,  who  have  contributed  to  swell 
this  Catalogue  by  their  communications  of  new  localities, 
and  whose  names  will  appear  in  their  proper  places. 

The  author  regrets  that  he  has  been  unable  to  state  more 
particularly  the  course  and  distance  of  many  localities  from 
some  known  place  or  object  in  the  town  where  they  have 
been  found,  so  that  strangers  might  more  easily  find  them  ; 
the  inconvenience  resulting  from  a  want  of  a  more  particu- 
lar description  of  many  localities,  is  sensibly  felt.  Besides 
the  additional  localities,  this  Catalogue  contains  about  70 
minerals,  which  are  not  noticed  in  Prof.  Cleaveland's  last 
edition,  of  1822,  as  having  been  found  at  that  time  in  the 
United  States. 

From  the  increasing  attention  to  the  science  of  Mineralo- 
gy, manifested  in  the  United  States,  and  from  the  pleasure 
and  usefulness  attendant  on  its  pursuit,  it  is  to  be  hoped  the 
time  is  not  distant  when  our  young  men  will  not  feel  satisfi- 
ed that  their  education  is  complete  on  leaving  our  Colleges, 
without  being  able  to  distinguish  the  common  minerals,  or 
name  the  stones  which  are  daily  presented  to  their  view. 

But  one  name  for  the  same  mineral  has,  in  general,  been 
used  ;  the  author  believing,  that  the  adoption  of  the  differ- 
ent names  of  various  writers  on  Mineralogy,  would  be  in- 
Creasing  the  perplexity  of  the  student,  and  continuing  an 
evil  we  wish  to  remedy. 

The  minerals  ore  arranged  agreeably  to  Professor  Cleave- 
latui's  1  abular  Vic\v,  where  it  was  convenient;  but  aslocali- 


PREFACE.  v 

ties  are  taken  also  from  Professor  Silliman's  Journal,  com- 
mencing with  the  first  volume,  and  then  from  other  sour- 
ces, it  was  impossible  to  arrange  them  systematically. 

Authority  is  given  for  all  localities,  where  it  was  practica- 
ble ;  but  for  those  having  no  authority  attached  to  them,  the 
author  feels  himself  responsible.  By  this  Catalogue  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  United  States  possess  abundant  sources  of 
some  of  the  most  useful  minerals  :  as  Nitre,  Gypsum,  Flint, 
Buhrstone,  Marble,  Serpentine,  Porcelain  Clay,  Anthra- 
cite, Graphite,  Coal,  Peat,  Mercury,  Copper,  Iron,  Lead, 
Zinc,  Manganese  ;  and,  of  the  stones  used  in  jewelry,  Rock 
Crystal  and  its  colored  varieties,  Amethyst,  Prase,  Chalce- 
dony, Carnelian,  Chrysoprase,  Jasper,  Agate,  Chrysoberyl, 
Zircon,  Adularia,  Nephrite,  Emerald,  Beryl,  Precious  Gar- 
net, Idocrase,  &c.  The  number  of  localities  may  be  seen 
by  reference  to  the  Tabular  View,  annexed. 

To  render  this  work  conveniently  portable,  and  as  small 
as  is  consistent  with  its  object,  the  names  of  those  who  ei- 
ther discovered,  or  communicated  the  localities  of  minerals 
in  Cleaveland's  Mineralogy^  or  in  the  American  Journal  of 
Science,  are  not  mentioned  ;  but  references  to  those  publica- 
tions, and  others,  are  abbreviated,  as  will  be  seen  below. 


EXPLANATION 

OF  THE  ABBREVIATIONS  USED  FOR  THE    PUBLICATIONS  REFERRED  TO 
IN  THIS  WORK. 

(C.). refers  to  "  Cleaveland's  Mineralogy,"  2d  Edition.  1822. 

(SiL  4.44.) "  The  American  Journal  of  Science,"  &c.  by 

Prof.  Silliman,  Vol.  4,  page  44,  &c. 

(Bruce.) "  The  American  Mineralogical  Journal,  by  Arch- 
ibald Bruce,  M.  D.  1814." 

(Dana.)  .  "  Outlines  of  the  Mineralogy  and  Geology  of 

Boston  and  its  Vicinity,  by  J.  F.  Dana,  M.  D.  and  S.  L.  Dana, 
M.  D.  1818." 


vi  PREFACE. 

(Lea.)  "  An  account  of  the  Minerals  in  the  vicinity  of 

Philadelphia,  by  Isaac  Lea.  1818." 

(Sch.)  "  A  view  of  the  Lead  Mines  of  Missouri,  &c.",  by 

Henry  R.  Schoolcraft.  1819." 

(Morse.) "Morse's  Geography.  1819." 

(E.) "  The  Index  to  the  Geology  of  the  Northern  States, 

2d  Edition,  by  Prof.  Amos  Eaton.  1820." 

(Nuttall.) "  A  Journal  of  Travels  into  the  Arkansa  Ter- 
ritory, during  the  year  1819,  by  Thomas  Nuttall,  F.  L.  S.  &c. 
1821." 

(Steel.')  "  A  report  of  the  Geological  Structure  of  the 

county  of  Saratoga  in  Now  York,  by  Doct.  John  H.  Steel. 
1822." 

(N.  G.) •  "  New  Hampshire  Gazetteer,  published  by  John 

Farmer  and  Jacob  B.  Moore.  1823." 

(Hall.) Prof.  F.  Hall's  "  Catalogue  of  Minerals.  1824." 

(Webster.) "A  Catalogue  of  the  Minerals  in  the  state  of 

New  York,  by  M.  H.  Webster,  1824." 

(J.  A.  N.  S.  P.) "  The  Journal  of  the  Academy  of  Na- 
tural Sciences  in  Philadelphia." 

(A.  L.  N.  H.  N.  Y.) "  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural 

History  of  New  York." 

(J.  W.  W.) Dr.  J.  W.  Webster,  and  to  "  The  Boston 

Journal  of  Philosophy,"  &c. 

(O-) •  Denison  Olmsted,  M.  A.  G.  S.  Professor  of  Chemis- 
try, &c.  in  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 


INDEX, 


Pages. 

Pages. 

Maine                    1, 

278,  304     Georgia 

222 

New  Hampshire 

9,  279     Florida 

224,  303 

Vermont 

17,  280     Alabama 

224 

Massachusetts 

35,  280     Mississippi 

225 

Rhode  Island 

79,  290     Louisiana 

226 

Connecticut 

92,  291     Tennessee 

226,  303 

New  York 

114,292     Kentucky 

228 

New  Jersey 

159,  298     Ohio 

231 

Pennsylvania 

177,  300     Indiana 

237 

Delaware 

194,  302     Michigan 

239 

Maryland 

1  95,  302    North  WestTerritory  24  1 

District  of  Columbia 

202        ,     Illinois 

243,  304 

Virginia 

203,  302     Missouri 

246,  304 

North  Carolina 

210             Arkansas 

255 

South  Carolina 

220 

BRITISH  PROVINCES. 


Nova  Scotia 
New  Brunswick 
Lower  Canada 
Upper  Canada 
Labrador 


261 
262 
263 
266 
276 


ERRATA. 

Page     2,  line  10,  under  BRUNSWICK,  after  Epidote,  dele  Manganesian. 

"        3,  (J.  P.)  refers  to  John  Pedrick,  3d. 

"  "  Under  HARPSWELL,  for  Pyrites,  Coxcomb,  read  Radiated  Sulphurtt 
of  Iron. 

"        7,  under  TOPSHAM,  after  Epidote,  dele  Manganesian. 

11      14,  73,  114,  123,  and  124,  for  Basanite  read  Siliceous  Slate. 

"      72,  line  1,  add  (C.)  after  Ctey  S/a/e. 

"  74,  under  WEST  SPRINGFIELD,  for  Fibrous  Hornblende  read  Fibrous 
Limestone. 

"  83,  article  4th,  and  86  under  JOHNSON,  and  87  under  NORTH  PROVI- 
DENCE, and  91  under  SMITHFIELD,  for  Steatite  read  Potstone. 

"    116,  line  11  from  the  top,  for  (Webster.)  read  (Bruce  5.) 

"    159,    "    1»  under  ALLENTOWN  dele  and. 

"    166,    "    7  from  the  bottom,  for  Hyrat  read  Hydrate. 

"    171,    "    4  from  the  top,  for  tena  read  terra. 

"    200,    "    7  from  the  bottom,  for  NEW  MAKET  read  NEW  MARKET. 

"    202,    "    1  &.  2  from  the  top,  dele  Flint,  &LC.,  both  lines. 

«•    222,    "    5  from  the  bottom,  add  (C.)  after  chalk. 

"    228,    "    under  CALDWELL  Co.  for  (T.  A.  Greene.)  read  (W.  Greene.) 

"    249,  MAHA  VILLAGE  should  be  on  page  251. 

"    256,  line  9  from  the  top,  for  north  read  mouth. 

"    277,    "    8  from  the  top,  add  T.  JV.  after  copper. 


CATALOGUE 


OF 


AMERICAN 


MAINE. 


BATCHELDER'S  GRANT.  (Oxford  Co.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  at  this  place,  and  on  land  owned  by  S.  A, 
Bradley,  Esq.  of  Fryeburg  ;  specimens  very  good.  It  has 
not  been  much  explored.  (E.  L.  Hamlin.) 

BANGOR. 

Granular  Limestone,  about  100  m.  N.  of  Bangor,  and  15  ra. 
N.  W.  from  Ktaadn  mountain  on  the  west  branch  of  Pe- 
nobscot  river.  It  resembles  the  Italian  statuary  marble. 

Jasper,  in  detached  masses  on  Penobscot  river.  (C.) 

BATH. 

Beryl  is  found  more  or  less  in  a  coarse  grained  granite, 
from  5  m.  E.  of  Bath,  to  5  m.  W.  of  North  Yarmouth, 
about  30  miles. 

Garnet,  manganesian,  massive,  at  Jones'  Eddy  near   Bath. 

Graphite,  in  granite.  (C.) 

BELFAST. 

Hornstone,  near. 

Jasper,  in  detached  masses  on  Penobscot  river. 
Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near.  (C.) 
1 


MAINE. 

BOWDOIN. 

Schorl,  common,  very  abundant.  (C.) 

BOWDOINHAM. 

Schorl,  very  large,  perfect,  and  abundant,  sometimes  in  very 

white  quartz. 
Beryl,  large  crystals  in  graphic  granite,  also  in  coarse  grained 

granite,  large,  pale   green,    or  greenish   white,   six   sided 

prisms. 


BRUNSWICK. 

Granular  Limestone,  in  beds. 

Mica,  sometimes  very  beautiful  green, 

Schorl,  black,  masses  sometimes  contain  fragments  of  quartz, 

and  feldspar. 
Feldspar,  sometimes  white,  granular,  and  contains  very  minute 

garnets. 

Adularia,  in  minute  crystals  in  cavities,  contained  in  granite. 
Garnet,  sometimes  orange  red. 
Epidote,  arenaceous,  on  the   banks  of  the  Androscoggin,  be- 

tween strata  of  gneiss. 
Epidote,    manganesian,      sometimes    in     crystals,    generally 

granular  or    compact,   in   veins  traversing   granite,  gneiss, 

greenstone,  &cc. 
Hornblende,  fibrous,  in  large  proportions,  with  white  granular 

limestone,  and  a  little  mica,  forming  a  fissile  agregrate,  con- 

tiguous to  primitive  limestone, 
tftctynolite,  all  its  varieties  ;  sometimes  in  granite   and  gneiss, 

more   frequently   in   limestone,  with  Granular   Quartz  ;   it 

forms  a  stratified  ruck  of  considerable  extent. 
Made  in  small  quantities. 
Talc,   in  granular  limestone,  with  actynolite  and  sulphuret  of 

iron  ;  silver  white,  and  apple  green. 
Graphite,  in  limestone,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Androseoggin, 

in  rolled  pieces. 

Pyritous  Copper,  with  sulphuret  of  molybdena  in  granite. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,)  often  in  argillite  a:  d  mica  slate. 
Magnetic  Pyrites,  in  granular  limestone,  with  common  pyrites 

in  cubes,  green  talc,  &c. 
Sulphuret  of  Molybdtna,  on  the   banks  of  the  Androscoggin, 

abundantly  disseminated  in  granite  and  gneiss.     Sometimes 

finely  crystallized  in  short  hexaedral  prisms,  or  rather  in 


MAINE.  3 

tables  or  thin  plates,  sometimes  associated  with  a  yellow- 
ish or  greenish  yellow 
Oxide  ofMolybdena  in  the  form  of  a  crust  or  efflorescence.  (C.) 

BUCKFIELD. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Ochrey  brown  Oxide  of  Iron ,  good  color. 

Sulphuret  ofMolybdena,  with  sulphuret  of  Iron.  (C.) 

CAMDEN. 

Bog  Iron  ore.  (J.  P.) 

EAST  ANDOVER. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  efflorescent,  and  abundant.  (C.) 

FAIRFAX. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  often  in  argillite  and  mica  slate.   (C.) 

FREEPORT. 

Graphite,  in  a  friable  granite.     (C.) 

GARDINER. 

Schorl,  very  abundant.     (C.) 

GEORGETOWN. 

Made,  in  small  quantities.  (C.) 

GORHAM. 

Graphite.  (C.) 

GREENWOOD. 

Graphite,  6  m.  from  Paris  Court  House.  (C.) 
Schorl,  with  graphite. 

HARPSWELL. 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate,  abundant. 

Pyrites,  coxcomb,  in  globular  and  botryoidal  masses.  (C.) 

HEBRON. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  forming  an  efflorescence.     (C.) 
Anthracite.     (Wm.  Lincoln.) 


MAINE. 


HALLOWELL. 

Staurotide. 

Schorl,  common,  very  abundant. 

Novaculite,  80  or  90  m.  from  near  H.,  the  forks  of  the  Kenne- 
beck  j  very  abundant.  (C.) 

LETTEII  E.  (township,)  Oxford  Co. 

Staurotide,  in  all  its  variety  of  forms,  in  great  abundance,  ia 

mica  slate,  with  beautiful  small 
Garnets.  (E.  L.  Hamlin.) 

LITCHFIELD. 

Schorl,  common,  very  abundant.  (C.) 

LOVELL. 

Amethyst,  crystallized  and  amorphous  ;  beautiful.  One  crystal 
was  found,  eight  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  perfectly  ter- 
minated, very  transparent,  and  fine  colour.  (E.  L.  Hamlin.) 

LUBECK. 

Manganese,  at  Stewart's  neck.  (J.  P.) 

MOUNT  DESERT. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  near  Pretty  Marsh  mills,  forming 
narrow  veins.  ( C.) 

NEWFIELD. 

Fuller's  Earth,  greenish  grey,  brownish,  or  yellowish,  in 
veins  20  feet  below  the  surface.  (C.) 

NEW  GLOUCESTER. 

Garnet,  amorphous.  (J.  P.) 

NORTH  YARMOUTH.      See   Bath. 
PARIS. 

Black  Schorl,  large,  well  defined  crystals. 

Emerald,  in  granite. 

Graphite. 

Arsenical  Iron,  in  granite, 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron. 


MAINE.  5 

Ochrey  brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  good  colour,  and  used  as  a  pig- 

ment. 

Sulphur  et  ofMolybdena,  with 
Sulphuret  oj  Iron.  (C  ) 
Lepidulite,  of  great  beauty. 
Tourmaline,  green  and  blue,  and 
Rubellite,  in  granite  with 
Cleavelandite.     (J.  W.  W.  1.190.; 
Emerald,  in  six  sided   prisms,  frequently  5  or  6  inches  long, 

very  beautiful  on  Streiked  mountain. 
Green  Tourmaline,  on   Chelsey's  ledge,  about  I  m.  E.  from 

the  courthouse,  in  an  aggregate  of  feldspar,  beautifully  lami- 

nated, and   quartz  of  a  granular  structure  ;    some  3  inches 

in  length,  with  triedral  terminations  ;  uncommonly  beauti- 

ful and  abundant.     Also  in    acicular  crystals,  six  or  eight 

inches  in  length,  frequently  terminated  with  the  rubellite. 
Rubellite,  fine  crystals,  same  place  ;  frequently  inclosed  in  the 

green  tourmaline. 
White  Tourmaline,  same  place.     Some  specimens,  sometimes 

uniting  the  red,  green,  and  white  tourmaline. 
Indicolite,  same  locality,  and  passing  into  the 
Black  Schorl,  which  is  here  very  abundant. 
Lepidulite,  in  great  abundance  at  this  place,  sometimes  crys- 

talized  in  six  sided  tables,  and  forming  short  columns. 
Mica,  beautiful  specimens,  particularly  the  plumose  lying  up- 

on the  edges  of  the  crystalized  masses.     Black  crystals  are 

found  enclosed  in  white. 
Emeralds  are  also  found  at  the  same  locality. 
Arseniate  of  Iron,  one  considerable  specimen  has  been  found 

at  this  place. 

Tungsten,  ?  same  place.  (E.  L.  Hamlin.) 
Garnets, 
Epidote,  and 
Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  Rumford  Falls,  (J.  P.) 

PARKER'S  ISLAND.  (In  the  Kennebeck.) 

Schorl,  sometimes  translucent  at  the   edges,  and   transmits  a 
brownish  light.  (C.) 

PHIPSBURG. 

Chalcedony,  in  small  quantities.  (J.  P.) 

READFIELD. 

Andalucite,  one  specimen  only  has  been  discovered,  supposed 
from  granite.  (C.) 

. 
0? 


SFIYlBSIT 


MAINE. 


RUM FORD. 

Yellow  Ochre,  (Ochrey  brown  oxide  of  Iron,)  good.  (C.) 
Mica,  in  small  plates;  brownish  black.  (Hall.) 

SACO  RIVER. 

Sulphur et  of  Antimony,  on  Saco  river.  (C.) 

SIDNEY. 
Staurotide.  (C.) 

THOMASTOWN. 

Granular  Limestone,  in  beds. 

Marble,  white  and  coloured,  very  abundant. 

Sulphur  et  of  Lead,  in  limestone. 

Oxide  of  Manganese  ;   it  occurs  compact  in  limestone.  (C.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar. 

Rhomb  Spar. 

Jlragonite. 

Tremolite. 

Hornblende,  resembling  hypersthene. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  in  a  vein  of  quartz  two  feet  wide,  trar- 

ersing  granite,  near  the  shore. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  carbonate  of  lime. 
Magnetic  Iron  Pyrites.  (J.  P.) 

TOPSHAM. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  (Apatite,)  in  pale  green  crystals,  often 
badly  defined,  disseminated  in  granite,  three  or  four  inches 
below  the  surface  of  the  mass,  which  also  abounds  with 
garnets. 

Smoky  Quartz,  amorphous  masses  are  not  uncommon,  and  it 
is  sometimes  crystallized. 

Rose  red  Quartz,  (Bohemian  ruby,)  in  masses  or  small  beds, 
in  granite,  and  in  loose  fragments,  scattered  among  masses  of 
granite  and  gneiss,  sometimes  imperfectly  crystalline. 

Fetid  Quartz,  in  loose  masses  which  often  contain  very  large 

Crystals  of  Feldspar  and  Garnet. 

Hornstone. 

foasanite,  in  rolled  pieces  an  the  banks  of  the  Androscoggin. 

Jllica,  almost  every  variety  is  found  at  Topsham,  near  Bow- 
doin  College,  often  in  six  sided  tables,  also  in  rhomboidal 
prisms. 


MAINE.  7 

Feldspar,  a  fragment  of  an  uncommonly  large  crystal  was 
found. 

Green  Feldspar  in  imperfect  crystals,  imbedded  in  an  aggre- 
gate of  mica  and  quartz. 

Beryl,  near  Bowdoin  College,  sometimes  imbedded  in  graphic 
granite,  and  often  in  a  brittle  smoky  quartz  in  a  large  grain- 
ed granite.  This  granite  forms  veins  in  gneiss,  and  the 
beryl  sometimes  appears  in  the  contiguous  gneiss.  The 
crystals  often  well  defined  hexaedrel  prisms,  transparent, 
and  perfectly  resembling  the  Siberian  Beryl,  colors,  pale 
green,  yellowish,  blueish,  or  whitish.  In  the  same  granite  are 
a  few  crystals  of  a  pure,  uniform,  rich  green,  and  obviously 
belong  to  the 

Precious  Emerald. 

Precious  Garnet,  and  Common  Garnet.  Crystals,  size  less 
than  the  head  of  a  pin  to  several  inches  in  diameter, 
color  from  an  opaque  reddish  brown  to  a  transparent  lively 
red,  one  contained  a  crystral  of  beryl. 

Epidote,  manganesian ;  sometimes  in  crystals,  but  usually 
granular,  or  compact,  in  veins  traversing  granite,  gneiss, 
greenstone,  &c. 

Granular  Epidote,  in  veins  more  than  a  foot  in  width,  and 
containing  quartz  and 

Schorl,  intermingled  sometimes  traverse  granite. 

Amianthoide,  in  an  aggregate  of  quartz  and  hornblende  with 
epidote. 

Chlorite,  earthy,  in  granite,  either  disseminated,  or  filling  cavi- 
ties whose  sides  are  lined  with  projecting  crystals  of  feldspar. 

Magnetic  Oxide  oj  Iron,  disseminated  in  granite  ;  generally  in 
octaedral  crystals,  some  of  which  are  two  inches  in  diameter. 

Native  Magnet.     Its  polarity  sometimes  very  strong. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  granite. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (C.) 

WATERFORD. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  with  quartz,  bright  green,  partially  crystal- 
ized  on  the  farms  of  Maj.  Theodore  Stone,  and  Mr.  Jona- 
than Plummer,  abundant. 

Amethyst,  a  large  number  of  crystals  found  in  sinking  a  well 
on  Mr.  Oliver  Stone's  farm. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  in  Thomas's  pond,  furnishing  fine  specimens 
of  the  botryoidal,  mamillary,  and  stalactical  formations — in 
small  quantities.  (E.  L.  Hamlin.) 


8  MAINE. 

WATERVILLE. 

Clay  Slate,   on  the  banks  of  the  Kennebeck,  about  20  ra. 
above  Hollowell,  good.  (C.) 

WILLIAMSBURG. 

Clay   Slate,   nearly  vertical,   some   of  it   suitable   for   table 
slate.  (C.) 

WINSLOW. 

Clay  Slate,  on  the  banks  of  the  Kennebeck,  about  20  m.  above 
Hollowell,  good.  (C.) 

WINTHROP. 

Staurotide,  very  abundant  in  mica  slate,  crystals  various  sizes  ; 
they  frequently  contain   minute  garnets,  or  scales  of  mica. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  very  abundant.  (C.) 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


ALSTEAD. 

Mica,  very  large  plates  in  quartz,  abundant. 

Made,  in  argillite,  usually  in  imperfect  crystals.  (C.) 

Staurotide,  in  rnica  slate.  (Sil.  5.40.J 

AMHERST. 

Magnetic  Oride  of  Iron ,  in  rhombic  dodecaedrons  in  granite, 

or  in  veins  of 

Feldspar,  traversing  granite.  (C.) 
Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized,  very  abundant.  (J.  P.) 

ANDOVER. 
Milky  Quartz,  near  the  mountains,  amorphous.  (JV*.  G.) 

HARRINGTON. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  perfect  crystals. 

Tourmaline. 

Graphite. 

Bog  Iron  Ore.  (W.  G.) 

BARTLETT. 

Smoky  Quartz,  crystallized.  (J.  P.) 

BATH. 

Alum.  (JV.  G.) 

BEDFORD. 

Alum. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized. 

Mica,  black,  green,  and  yellow. 

bchorl. 

Epidote. 

Hornblende, 

Talc. 


10  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Graphite. 

Pyritous  Copper. 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron.  (N.  G.) 

BELLOWS  FALLS. 

Staurotide,  near,  in 
drgillite. 

Finite,  near  the  surface  of  granitic  rocks. 

Made,  in  argillite.  (C.) 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  very  beautiful,  fine  grained,  in  large 
masses,  near.  (SU.  1.50.J  This  micaceous" oxide  of  iron  is 
found  at  Jamaica,  Vt.  and  not  at  Bellows  Falls.  (Sil.  3.232.J 

BRENTWOOD. 

Sulphur,  in  masses  of 

Sulphate  oj  Iron,  in  the  iron  ore  mines.  (JV.  G.) 

BRISTOL. 

Graphite,  large  specimens — equal  to  the  Borrowdale,  abund- 
ant. (Sil.  6.245.; 

BURTON. 

Hornstone. 

Feldspar,  abundant.  (N.  G.) 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Cyanite,  5  m.  E.  from  the  village,  dark  blue  color,  imbedded 

in  quartz,  abundant. 
Made,  in  argillite,  usually  in  imperfect  crystals.  (C.) 

CHESTER. 

Tremolite,  bladed  and  abundant,  near  the  Devil's  den. 
Graphite,  in  rolled  masses,  and  in  veins  traversing  mica  slate. 

(?)  ' 

Native  Sulphur,  is   found   in   small   quantities,  in  tremolite. 
Graphic  Granite.  (N.  G.) 

CHESTERFIELD. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  West  River  mountain,  which  is  sit- 
uated on  the  east  side  of  Connecticut  riv,er,  opposite  Brat- 
tleborough,  E.  village,  in  mica  slate.  (C.) 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  11 

Native  Silver,  on  West  River  mountain.  (Sil.  3.74.J 
Staurotide,  in  mica  slate,  large  crystals;  abundant.  (Sil.  5.271.J 
Crystals  have   been   found  1-]  inch    diameter,  and  2-|  inch- 
es long  in  the  valley  S.  W  of  the  meeting-house.  (Sil.  6.219.J 

€HICHESTER. 

Schorl.  (W.  G.) 

CONWAY. 

Fuller's  Earth.  ( JV.  G.) 

CORNISH. 

Made,  in  argillile.  (C.) 

CROYDON. 
Made,  in  argillite.  (C.) 

ENFIELD. 

Green  Quartz. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.    (Sil.  8.235.J 

EXETER. 

Epidote,  in  very  beautiful  groups  of  radiating  crystals.  (C.) 
Hornblende.  fJV.  G.) 


FRANCESTOWN. 


Ferruginous  Quartz,  red  and  yellow,  beautifully   crystallized. 
Steatite.  (N.  G,) 

FRANCONIA,  (Grafton  Co.) 

Epidote,  in  the  iron  mine,  light  yellow,  acicular  crystals. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  (earthy,)  near,  8  in.  E.  from  Con- 
necticut river,  a  bed  5  to  8  feet  thick  in  gneiss  ;  the  ore  is 
compact  or  fine  grained,  and  bluish  grey,  and  is  accompa- 
nied by  garnet,  epidote,  and  hornblende.  (C.) 

Hornblende,  superb  specimens,  crystallized,  imbedded  in  lam- 
ellar hornblende,  or  confusedly  aggregated — bladed  and  pro- 
miscuous, in  quartz,  abundant  at  the  iron  mines. 

Green  Quartz,  containing  hornblende — colored  by  epidote  ; 
beautiful  specimens. 

Staurotide. 


12  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 

Garnet,  amorphous,  and    imperfectly   crystallized   at  the  iron 

mine. 

Epidote,  crystallized,  same  place. 
Asbestos,  in  masses,  or  rather  sheets  of  1    or  2  inches  thick, 

and  of  various  extent,  the  fibres  are   intimately  united,  and 

curved  in  every  direction. 
Sulphur et  of  Copper.  (Vil.  6-245J 

Arsenical  Cobalt,  beautiful  crystals  in  octahedra.  (Sil.  8.198.J 
Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper,  earthy. 
Green  Carbonate  of  Copper — do.  rare.  (Sil.  8.234.J 

GILMANTOWN. 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  red  and   yellow,  beautifully  crystallized. 
Hornstone. 
Jasper. 

Mica,  very  fine  specimens. 

Schorl,  in  quartz,  radiating,  and  passing  through  it  in  all   di- 
rections. 
Epidote. 
Tremolite. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Sulphate  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.) 

GRAFTON. 

Mica,  in  large  laminae  adhering  to  quartz.  (C.) 

GRAFTON  CO. 

Schorl,  on  Moosehillock  mountain,  in  quartz,  very  beautiful. 
(Prof.  Dewolf.) 

HAMPTON  FALLS. 

•Amethyst,  in  rolled  pieces.  (C.) 

HANOVER.  , 

Precious  Garnet,  in  dodecaedrons  in  greenstone,  near  Dart- 
mouth College.  (C.) 

Carbonate  oj  Iron,  in  rolled  masses  of  quartz,  on  the  banks  of 
Counoeticut  river.  (Sil.  6.245.J  Preceous  Garnet  is 
found  a  few  rods  N.  E.  from  Dartmouth  College,  in  an  ag- 
gregate of  quartz  and  hornblende.  Color  reddish  brown. 
(Hall.) 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  yellow  and  blood  red. 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  13 

Black  Schorl,  in  milk  white  quartz,  abundant. 

Epidote. 

Zoisite. 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  earthy,  in  mica  slate.  (SiL  8.235,; 

Granular  Limestone. 

Hornblende.  (JV.  G.) 

HINSDALE. 

Indicolite,  in  large  crystals  in  feldspar  and  quartz.  (C.)    Also 

in  granite,  near  the  road  to  Winchester,  very  abundant. 
Mica.  (SiL  5.271.; 
Schorl.  (Sil.  5.272.J 

HOPKINTON. 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  (JYI  G.) 

JAFFREY. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (N.  G.) 

KEENE. 

Quartz,  (rose  red,)  amorphous  ;  color,  pale  red.  (Hall.) 

KINGSTON. 

Bog  Iroh  Ore,  in  Great  pond. 
Ochrey  Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  and 
Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.     (JV.  G.) 

LANGDON. 

Made,  in  clay  slate.  (C.) 

LANCASTER. 

Emery.  (JV.  G.) 

LEBANON. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  a  vein  of  quartz  traversing  mica  slate. 

(Sil.  6.245.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  mixed  with 
Magnetic   Oxide  of  Iron,  near  the  outlet   of  Great   pond. 

(JV.  G.) 


11  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


LITTLETON. 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  small,  needle   shaped,  diverging 
crystals.  (St7.  8.234.) 

LYMANf. 

Emery.  (JV.  Gf.) 

MASON. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.} 

MEREDITH. 

Granular  Limestone.  (JV*.  G.) 

MONADNOCK  MOUNTAIN,  (Cheshire  Co.  9  m.  S.  from  Keene.) 

Graphite,  in   nodules,  having  a   course  texture,  on   the  north 

side  of.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Lead. 

Fibrous  Hornblende.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 
Schorl 
Feldspar. 
Garnet.  (JV.  G.) 

MOOSEHILLOCK  MOUNTAIN.     (See  Grafton  Co.) 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON. 

Rose  Quartz.  (JV.  G.) 

NEW  BOSTON. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.) 

NEW  IPSWICH. 

Beryl. 
Kaolin.  (C.) 

NORTH   HAMPTON. 

Basanite,  in  scattered  fragments.  (C.) 

NORTHWOOD. 


Graphite,  in  small  quantities,  but  of  good  quality. 
"  langanese 
<JV.  G.) 


Manganese,   tuberous    and    mammillary,    investing    granite. 

fjv.  G: 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE*  15 

NOTTINGHAM. 

Iron  Ore,  abounds  in  the  mountains. 

Bog  Ore,  in  great  quantities,  and  of  good  quality.  (A*.  G.) 

ORANGE. 

Iron  Ores,  of  different  kinds,  and  ochres,  of  superior  quality. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead.  («/V*.  G.) 

ORFORD. 

Fetid  Limestone,  near,  greyish  white,  distinctly  crystallized, 
fetid  by  percussion  and  friction  ;  in  a  primitive  region.  (C.) 

Steatite,  in  large  quantities.  (C.)  This  is  one  of  the  finest  lo- 
calities of  steatite  in  the  United  States,  situated  2  m.  N. 
from  the  village,  on  a  precipitous  hill,  whose  base  is  washed, 
by  the  Connecticut  river. 

Garnet,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  locality  of  steatite,  in  mica  slate 
(Hall.) 

Granular  Limestone,  in  great  abundance. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  was  fround  in  considerable  quantities  in 
sinking  a  well.  («/V.  G.) 

PEMBROKE. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.) 

PLYMOUTH. 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.) 

PORTSMOUTH. 

Epidote,  in  acicular  crystals,  radiated  in  groups,  in   a  porphy- 

ritic  hornblende. 
Native  Silver,  one  small  mass  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  found 

near,  on  a  stone  wall.     (C.) 

RINGE. 

Ochrey  Red  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Sulphate  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.) 

SALISBURY, 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (JV.  G.) 

SURRY. 

Sulphur et  of  Lead.  (H.  M.  Wells.} 


16  NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


SUTTON. 

Graphite,  in  considerable  quantities,  sometimes  soft,  compact, 
and  of  good  quality.  (C.) 

TROY. 

Graphite,  9  m.  S.  from  Keene.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 

WALPOLE. 

Alum,  in  small,  greyish  white  efflorescences,  on  Fall  moun- 
tain. 

Mica,  lamellar,  often  silvery  white  in  mica  slate,  and  rose  and 
straw  color,  in  granitic  veins  on  Fall  mountain. 

Graphite,  in  the  N.  E.  part  of  the  town.  (Hall.) 

Staurotide,  1  m.  from  the  meeting  house,  on  the  road  to 
Keene,  in  mica  slate.  (H.  M.  Wells.) 

WASHINGTON. 

Graphite. 

Antimony  is  said  to  have  been  found  here.  (JV.  G.) 

WESTMORELAND. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  light  green. 

Zoisite,  in  ash  grey,  much  compressed,  deeply  striated  crys- 
tals. (C.) 

Amethyst,  sometimes  crystallized,  very  beautiful  specimens. 
(H.  M.  Wells.} 

WEST  RIVER. 

Staurotide.     Mica  slate  passing  into 
Granular  Quartz.  (Sil.  5.271.) 

WHITE  HILLS. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  at  Rosebrook's  Gap  in  the  White  mountains 

in  small  detached  pieces. 
Amethyst,  a  few  rods  S.  E.  from  the  Notch  on  the  White  hills 

in  crystals. 

Jasper,  near  the  Notch  of  the  White  hills,  reddish.  (C.) 
Beryl. 
Smoky  Quartz.  (Hall.) 

WINNEPISSIOGEE  LAKE. 

Hornblende,  on  Red  hill,  near  the  lake.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 


17 


VERMONT. 


ACTON. 

Hornblende,  crystallized  in  white,  fine  grained  sandstone. 
(Hall.) 

ADDISON. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  lenticular,  surface   brown,  interior  yellow 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  small   octaedric  crystals  in  argil- 
lite.     (Hall.) 

ATHENS. 

Steatite.  (C.) 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  small  beautiful  crystals  terminated  at  each 

extremity  by  a  six  sided  pyramid. 
Garnet. 
Talc.  (Hall.) 

BARNARD. 

Marl.    Earthy  marl  has  been  discovered  in  a  pond.  (Hall.) 

BAP.RE. 
Steatite.  (C.) 

i 

BARTON. 

•Amianthus,  white  and  remarkably  delicate.  (C,) 

BELLOWS   FALLS. 

Mica,  rose  color  and  straw  yellow,  in  granitic  veins  traversing 
primitive  rocks. 

Indicolite,  in  granitic  veins  traversing  primitive  rocks. 

Tremolite,  in  loose  masses  of  primitive  rocks.     (C.) 

Fluate  ofJLime,  a  few  rods  below  the  bridge  in  granite  ;  also 
1  m  N.  W.  from  the  falls,  in  quartz,  crystallized  and  mas- 
sive ;  green. 

3 


IS  VERMONT. 

Quartz,  limpid,  crystallized  and  amorphous,  1.  m.  N.  W.  from 
the  fulls,  and  forms  the  gangue  of  the  fluate  of  lime. 

Cyanite,  in  loose  masses  of  primitive  rocks. 

Finite,  ahove  and  below  the  bridge,  and  on  Fall  mountain. 
The  crystals  are  very  abundant  in  granite  on  a  small  island 
a  few  feet  above  the  bridge,  imperfect. 

Prehnite,  in  small  nodules,  radiated. 

Made,  in  argillite,  and  in  mica  slate,  a  few  rods  above,  and 
also  below  the  bridge. 

Copper,  green  carbonate,  a  little  below  the  bridge,  west  side 
of  the  river,  on  granite,  and  filling  crevices,  also  in  the  same 
rock. 

Fibrous  Malachite,  in  very  thin  veins,  rare.    (Hall.) 

Staurotide.  (Sil  6.219.) 

Prismatic  Mica,  and  lamillated.  Prehnite  is  found  crystalliz- 
ed on  gneiss,  a  few  rods  below  the  locks. 

Rubellite.  (H.  M.  Wells.} 

BENNINGTON. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  an  iron  mine. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  associated  with  earthy  oxide  of  man- 
eanese. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  compact  or  earthy,  sometimes  slightly 
mammillary,  associated  with 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant.     Also  the 

Ochrey  Brown  O.iide  of  Iron.  (C.)  The  iron  ore  rests  on  a 
bed  of  unknown  thickness  of  the  oxide  of  manganese. 

Common  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.   (Sil.  3.57.) 

Stalactites,   in  a   cave  i  a  m.  W.   from  the   meeting-house. 

Ilornstone. 

Clay  Slate.    (Hall.} 

Graphic  Slate,  abundant,  in  a  small  hill  of  Argillite  in  the  S. 
of  Bennins;ton  containing  crystals  of 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  which  are  often  changing  to  the 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Sil  8.20.) 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  crystallized,  laminated  variety  is  abund- 
ant (Sil.  8.33.) 

Magnesian  Limestone,  a  mountain  of  it  lying  directly  N.  of 
the  great  bed  of  iron  ore  and  manganese. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  nearly  blank. 

Ferruginous  Carbonate  of  Lime.  (<Stfk.  8.35,) 


VERMONT.  19 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  yellow  and  red,  crystallized.  (Sil  8.38.) 
LithomargeV  in  the   iron   ore  in  the   W.  part   of  the   town. 

(.-//.  8.53.) 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  the  granular  and  compact  varie- 
ties. (Sil  8.56.) 

BENSON. 

Flint,  near  the  cold  spring,  a  few  rods  E.  of  Lake  Cham  plain, 

in  large  masses.  (C.) 
Argillaceous  Marl,  in  a  hollow  near  the  top  of  a  hill  in  a  bed 

5  feet  thick.     It  is  used  for  Fuller's  earth.  (Hall.) 

BETHEL. 

Preceous  Garnet,  in  small  but  remarkably  perfect  crystals,  im- 
bedded in  a  steatitic  rock.  (C.) 
Chlorite.     It  becomes  a  kind  of  course  steatite.  (Hall) 

BRANDON. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  associated   with   the  brown  and 
Compact  Red  Oxide  of  Iron.     This  ochre  is  found  a  few  feet 

under  the  surface  of  a  horizontal  plain  ;  abundant.  (C.) 
Sulphur et  of  Iron,  and 
Oxide  of  Manganese.  (Hall) 

BRATTLEBOROUGH. 

Clay  Slate,  extensively  quarried. 

Zoisite.  (C.) 

Micaceous  Iron  Ore,  beautiful,  in  Ball  mountain,  which  rises 
500  feet  above  the  water  in  West  river.  (Sil  3.232.) 

Schorl,  in  white  quartz,  large  and  fine.  (Sil  1.14  &  3.16.) 

Tremolite.  (Sil  3.76.; 

Siliceous  Limestone. 

Hornblende  Slate. 

Roofing  Slate.    (Sil  5.272.; 

Scapolite  ?  in  great  quantities,  associated  with  quartz,  lime- 
stone, &c.  and  sometimes  forming  the  gangue  of  the 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.     Sil  6,225,  fy  Hall.') 

Actynolite,  in  very  perfect  capillary  crystals  in  steatite,  group- 
ed, or  radiated'. 

Mica,  rose  red,  with  schorl,  in  quartz.  (Hall.) 


Fetid  Limestone. 
Hornstone.  (Hall.) 


VERMONT. 

BRIDPORT. 


CASTLETON. 

Clay  Slate,  of  a  pale  red.  (C.) 

Chlorite,  in  which  are  imbedded  cubic  crystals  of 

Sulphuret  oj  Iron,  of  a  bright  yellow. 

Limpid  Quartz,  1  m.  N.  from  the  village,  in  six  sided  prisms 

in  the   cavities  of  amorphous  quartz.  —  A  fine  locality  for 

rock  crystal.   (Hall.) 

CAVENDISH. 

Serpentine,  on  the  north  side  of  the  turnpike  from  Rutland  to 
Boston,  deep  green,  with  streaks  of  yellow  and  white,  (C.) 
in  which  is  im'bedded 

Magnetic  Iron.   (Sil.  5.40.) 

Hornblende  Slate,  on  the  turnpike  1  m.  S.  of  Proctorsville 
(Sil.  7.59.J 

Carbonate  of  Lime.  (Hall.) 

CHAMPLAIN    LAKE. 

Coccolite,  in  several  places,  near. 

Bog  Ore,  at  the  N.  end  of.     It  is  wrought.  (C.) 

CHARLOTTE. 

Coccolite,  green  and  red,  &tc.  (C.) 

Green  Augite,  very  large  crystals. 

Laminated  Plumbago,  with 

Feldspar,  pearly  white,  and  whitish  quartz.  (E.) 

CHESTER. 

Staurotide,  associated  with 

Yellow  Mica,  and 

Garnets.  (C.) 

Massive  Garnet,  containing 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  regular  octaedrons,  brilliant,  steel 

grey  color.  (8tt.  7.58.J 
Greasy  Quartz.  (Sil.  7.59.J 
Epidote,  massive,  and  in  crystals,  connected  with 
Hornblende,  some  parts  of  which  are  in  very  beautiful  group- 

ed crystals,  resembling  a  sheaf  of  wheat.     Epidote  is  a 

common  mineral  in  most  parts  of  the  state. 


VERMONT.  at" 

Sulphur et  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

CLARENDEN. 

Calcareous   Tufa,   deposited    from   the   waters   of  a   sprinjr 
(Baa.) 

CORNWALL. 

Flint.  (C.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  the  western  part  of  the  town ;  very  beau- 
tiful, transparent,  rhomboidal  crystals  have  been  obtained. 
Hornstone,  on  the  late  Judge  Matthews'  farm.  (Hall.) 

DANBY. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (Hall.) 

DORSET. 

Stalactites,  in  caves.  (Hall.) 

DUMMERSTON. 

Schorl,  in  very  beautiful  crystals,  in  detached  masses  of  white 

quartz. 

Clay  Slate,  in   strata  nearly  vertical ;  extensively  quarried. 
Silico — Calcarious  Oxide  of  Titanium,   in  crystals,  or  grains 

disseminated  in  granite.  (C.) 

FLETCHER. 

Steatite,  of  a  very  excellent  quality.  (Sil.  7.58. ) 
Talc.  (Hall.) 

GEORGIA. 

Greasy  Quartz.  (Sil.  7.59J 
Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

GOSHEN. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses  scattered  over  the   surface. 
Oxide  of  Manganese.    (Hall.) 

..  GRAFTON. 

Limpid  Quartz,  remarkably  pure  and  transparent.  (C.)  1  m. 


22  VERMONT. 

S.'W.  from  meetinghouse  on  Mr.  Spaulding's  farm,  crystal- 
lallized.  (Hall.) 

Serpentine,  forming  a  large  mass. 

Talc,  laminated,  forming  veins  from  1  to  6  inches  wide  in  ste- 
atite. 

Steatite,  an  immense  bed  2  m.  S.  of  the  meetinghouse,  ex- 
tensively quarried. 

Potstone,  in  large  quantities,  (C.)  2  m.  S.  from  centre  of  the 
township,  in  a  bed  of  steatite. 

Rhomb  Spar,  imbedded  in  steatite. 

Chlorite,  at  locality  of  steatite. 

Milky  Quartz,  usually  in  rolled  masses. 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Cyanite,  1  m.  S.  W.  from  the  meetinghouse,  on  the  farm  of 
a  Mr.  Spaulding,  in  mica  slate,  and  in  massive  garnet ;  also 
1  in,  E.  from  the  centre  of  the  township,  imbedded  in 
quartz. 

Plumose  Mica,  on  mica  slate  |  a  m.  S.  W.  from  the  con- 
gregational meetinghouse. 

Schorl,  3  m.  W.  from  the  meetinghouse,  in  quartz  and  mica 
slate,  triangular  prisms  with  triedral  terminations. 

Garnet,  in  mica  and  talcose  slate,  and  in  gneiss  ;  very  abun- 
dant at  the  bottom  of  ledges  ;  also 

Massive  Garnet,  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Spaulding,  forming  the 
gangue  of  cyanite. 

Actynolite,  in  the  bed  of  steatite,  crystals  larger  and  higher 
green  than  those  at  Windham. 

Hornblende,  on  the  banks,  and  in  the  bed  of  Saxon's  river, 
where 

Fasciculite,  superb  specimens,  have  been  found.  It  may  be 
seen  also  in  abundance,  in  a  wall  formed  of  mica  slate,  tal- 
co-micaceous  slate,  and  gneiss,  on  the  right  of  the  road 
which  leads  W.  from  Grafton  meeting-house  to  the  S.  part 
of  Windham. 

Precious  Serpentine,  a  globular  mass  of  30  or  40  tons,  on  the 
W.  declivity  of  a  small  hill,  in  full  view  from  the  meeting- 
house, highly  translucent. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  small  brown  cubes  in  mica  slate.     (Hall.) 

GROTON. 
Steatite.  (C.) 


VERMONT.  23 

GUILFORD. 

Scapolite  3  in   abundance ;  it  has  been   called  tremolite,  and 

zoisite.  (Sil.  6.225.J 
Clay  State,  used  as  roof  slate  and  writing  slates.  (Hall.) 

HALIFAX. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  abundance.  (Sit.  1.115.J 

HANCOCK. 

Creasy  Quartz. 

Talc. 

Steatite. 

Chlorite. 

Graphite,  in  gneiss,  but  not  plentiful.    (Hall.) 

HARTFORD. 

Cyanite,  of  a  light  bluish  grey. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  deeply  truncated  on  the  angles  of  the  cube, 
forming  a  solid  of  14  sides.  (Sil.  6.245J 

HARTLAND. 

Muminous  Slate.     (Prof.  Dewolf.) 


HIGHGATE. 

,'ered  in  gre 
many  other  townships  in  the  N.  W.  parts  of  the  state.  (Hall.) 

HUBBERTON. 


J20P-  Ore  has  been  discovered  in  great  abundance  in  this  and 

N.W. 


Chlorite.  (Hall.) 

JAMAICA. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  (C.)  in   veins  in   white  limestone, 

near  Turkey  mountain.  (Sil.  3.76.J 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in 
Dolomite.  (Sil.  5.272.) 

JERICO. 

Hornblende,  in  long,  capillary  crystals,  in    an  aggregate  of 
quartz  and  feldspar.  (Hall.) 


24  VERMONT. 

KELLYVALE. 

jlsbestos,  both  amianthus  and  the  common  variety  are  abun- 
dant, and  the  fibres  are  sometimes  uncommonly  long.  (C.) 

Serpentine,  about  20  m.  from  Canada,  along  the  declivity  of 
a  steep  precipice,  where  occurs  the  Asbestos  in  rolled  pie- 
ces, which,  when  broken,  are  found  to  contain  a  substance 
in  color  and  texture  resembling  the  finest  cotton.  The  oth- 
er variety  is  found  in  crevices  of  the  rocks  of  serpentine, 
and  more  resembling  flax.  The  quantity  of  asbestos,  as 
well  as  serpentine  seems  inexhaustible.  fjStJ.  6.249.J 

LAKE  CHAMPLAIN.     (See  Champlain  Lake.) 

LEICESTER. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

LINDON. 

Agaric  Mineral,  forming  the  bottom  of  two  ponds  of  a  num- 
ber of  acres  in  extent,  used  for  all  purposes  to  which  Spanish 
white  is  applied.  (Sil.  3.234,  $•  Hall.) 

LUDLOW. 

Serpentine,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  turnpike  from  Rutland  to 
Boston,  deep  green,  with  streaks  of  white.  (C.) 

Staurotide.  (&7.  6.219.) 

dmethyst. 

Hornblende,  1  m.  S.  from  Proctorsville.  On  the  E.  of  the  turn- 
pike is  a  vest  quantity  of  slaty  hornblende,  with  needle 
formed  crystals  of  hornblende  promiscuously  aggregated  be- 
tween the  layers. 

Talc.  (Hall) 

MANCHESTER. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  4  m.  S.  of  meetinghouse  resembling  agaric 
mineral,  from  which  is  made  a  beautiful  lime  for  plastering. 
It  is  disintegrated  limestone  in  a  large  mass  on  the  W.  of 
the  road  from  Bennington  to  Rutland,  forming  high  banks 
of  a  small  stream,  W.  of  a  marsh  30  or  40  rods  wide. 
(Sil  3.242.) 


VERMONT.  25 

MARLBOROUGH. 

Precious    Garnet,   in    Chlorite,    (C.)    beautiful    specimens. 

(Sil.  3.76.) 

Crystallized  Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime. 
Steatite.  (Sil.  5.272.J 

MIDDLEBURY. 

Calcareous  Tufa,  deposited  from  the  waters  of  a  spring  2  m. 
E.  from  the  village. 

Granular  Limestone,  which  is  wrought  into 

Marble,  a  valuable  bed  of  fine  grained,  white  and  colored,  ex- 
tensively quarried.  (C.)  Sales  in  2  years  amounted  to 
$11,000. 

Compact  Limestone,  in  the  N.  and  E.  part  of  the  township  ; 
abundant. 

Milky  Quartz,  scattered  over  the  surface,  usually  in  rolled 
masses.  There  is  an  enormous  mass  on  the  surface  near 
the  eastern  boundary  of  Middlebury. 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Granular  Quartz,  on  the  western  side  of  the  Green  mountain, 
5  m.  from  the  village  ;  white  and  friable. 

Hornstone. 

Jasper,  in  rolled  fragments,  red  and  yellow,  in  the  bed  of 
Middlebury  river. 

Epidote,  crystallized  and  massive,  in  a  greenish  aggregate,  of 
quartz,  hornblende,  &c.  in  which  are  seams  of  white  carbo- 
nate of  lime  ;  most  of  it  is  in  small  nodules  of  a  crystalline 
structure.  On  Chipman's  hill,  on  the  road  from  the  old 
College  to  Weybridge,  and  a  number  of  other  places. 

Serpentine,  in  small  isolated  masses. 

Indurated  Talc,  of  an  uncommonly  green  aspect,  in  thin  stra- 
ta between  the  layers  of  the  siliceous  carbonate  of  lime. 

Chlorite. 

Potter's  Clay  ;  large  quantities  of  common  earthern  ware  are 
manufactured  from  it. 

Magnetic  Octaedric  Crystals  of  Iron,  small  and  very  imper- 
fect in  chlorite.  (Hall.) 

MILTON. 

Sulphur et  of  Iron.  (Hall  ) 
4 


26  VERMONT. 

MONKTON. 

Kaolin,  a  very  extensive  bed,  on  the  E.  side  of  a  ridge  of 
land  running  nearly  N.  and  S.  The  pure  kaolin  is  cover- 
ed about  15  feet,  by  loose,  red  earth,  quartzy  sand,  and 
sandy  kaolin,  with  fragments  of  quartz, 

Feldspar  and  Graphic  Granite,  interspersed.     This  kaolin  is 
used  as  puttv,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  pots  for  melting 
glass.  (C.)  ' 
About  1  m.  N.  from  the  iron  ore  mine.  (Hall.) 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  (C.)  in  vast  abundance,  cylindrical, 
botryoidal,  mamrnillary,  tuberous,  Sic.  often  extremely 
beautiful.  (Hall.) 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  crystallized  and  earthy,  in  connexion 
with  brown  hematite.  (C.) 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

MONTPELIER. 

Scaly  Talc,  spread  on  the  surface  of  common  quartz. 
Sulphuret    of  Iron,   crystallized   and  amorphous,   in  quartz. 
(Hall.) 

MOUNT  HOLLf. 

Asbestos,  the  ligniform  variety.  (C.) 

Common  Asbestos,  and  the  ligniform,  are  found  in  vast  quantity. 

(Sil.  4.25.) 

Greasy  quartz.  (Sil.  7.59.J 
Amianthus,  4   m.  S.   from  Sprague's  tavern,  associated   with 

common  asbestos  and 
Fossil  Leather,  very  abundant.  (Hall.) 

NEW  FANE. 

Actynolite,  crystallized,  in 

Steatite. 

Scaly  Talc,  (C.)  laminated  in  a  vein  in  steatite, 

Limpid  Quartz,  amorphous,  very  abundant,  near  the  meeting- 
house. A  stone  wall  several  rods  long  is  made  with  it. 

Garnet. 

Specular  Iron,  sometimes  covering  quartz  and  other  minerals. 
(Hall.) 

Micaceous  Iron,  very  beautiful.  (Sil.  5.255.) 

Calcareous  Spar, 

Rhomb  Spar, 


VERMONT.  27 

Chalcedony) 

Chrysoprase,  in  veins  in  serpentine. 

Asbestos. 

Dialing^,  and 

Precious  Serpentine,  steatite. 

Serpentine. 

Indurated  Talc,  actynolite, 

Potstone, 

Chlorite,  scaly  talc, 

Pimelite6!   in  veins  in  serpentine,  accompanying  the  chryso 

prase,  which   in  some  specimens,  it  almost  invelopes.     All 

at  the  same  locality.  (Sil.  8.234.) 

NEW  HAVEN. 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Diallage,  or  smaragdite,  green,  in  serpentine.  (Hall.) 

NEWTOWN. 
Green  Talc,  beautiful.  (Sil.  5.268.) 

NORTHFIELD. 

Dolomite  ?  white  as  snow.  (Sil.  3.245.) 

NORWICH. 

Cyanite,  in  laminated  masses,  with  quartz  and  mica.  (Hall.) 

ORLEANS  CO. 

JYovaculite,  in  Halley,  L.  C.  near  Vt.  line,  on  the  eastern 
shore  of  lake  Mernphrernagog,  7  m.  from  Stanstead  village, 
of  superior  quality,  and  very  abundant.  (Sil.  5.406.) 

ORWELL. 

Flint,  on  Mount  Independence.  (C.) 
Compact  shell  limestone. 
Hornstone.  (Hall.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  beautiful  transparent  rhombs. 
Sulphuret  oj  Zinc,  brown  variety. 
Calcareous  Tufa,  deposited  from  the  water  of  springs. 
Sulphuret  of  Copper,  and  the 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  on  Mount  Independence,  in 
quartz. 


28  VERMONT. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  associated  with  the  sulphuret  and  carbo- 
nate of  copper ;  in  quartz,  same  place.  (H.  J\l.  Wells.) 

PAWLET. 

Clay  Slate,  color  sometimes  blood  red.  (Hall.) 

PEACHAM. 

Cyanite,  in  small  quantities. 

Tourmaline,  in  Peacham  and  its  vicinity. 

Garnets,  small. 

Serpentine,  very  abundant,  (Sit.  6.249.) 

Earthy  Marl,  containing  small  shells,  abundant.  (Hall.) 

PITTSFORD. 

Granular  Limestone.  An  extensive  quarry  of  marble  is  open- 
ed here. 

Flexible  Marble. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  beds  and  veins  in  limestone. 
It  is  explored.  (C.)  The  iron  ore  wrought  in  this  town  on 
the  spot  is  chiefly  of  this  variety,  and  is  quite  friable. 
(Sil.  3.58.) 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  immense  quantity. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (Hall.) 

PLYMOUTH. 

Carbonate  of  Lime.  (Hall.) 

POULTNEY. 

Chlorite,  and 

Chlorite  Slate. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes  in  chlorite.    (Hall.) 

POWNAL. 

Jllum,  efflorescing  on 

Aluminous  Slate,  contained  in  common 

Clay  Slate,  (C.) 

Chlorite  Slate.  (Sil.  8.52.) 

PUTNEY. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  mica  slate,  which  is  passing  into  clay  slate, 
massive,  emerald  green,  occasionally  with  a  tinge  of  purple. 


VERMONT.  29 

Ptaurotide,  in  mica  slate,  (C.)  large  grey  crystals  crossing  each 

other.  (Hall.) 

Siliceous  Limestone,  imbedded  in 
Clay  Stale. 

Serpentine,  (Gil.  5.272.) 
Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  beds  of  common  clay, 

oval   and  elongated,   embracing   an    earthy   nucleus.   (Sil. 

6.233.) 

RANDOLPH. 

Scintillating  Carbonate  of  Lime,  of  a  pale  sky  blue,  found  in 
layers,  in  blocks  and  masses,  disseminated  among  the 

Clay  Slate,  that  covers  the  greatest  part  of  the  townships  in  this 
vicinity.  (SU.  1.241.) 


READSBOROUGH. 


Jlctynolite,  very  beautiful.  (C.) 

Graphite,  foliated  in  limestone.  (H.  M..  Wells.} 


RICHMOND. 


Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  small  octaedric  crystals  in  mica 
slate.  (Hall.)  ' 

RIPTON. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  land  belonging  to  the 
Hon.  D.  Chipman.  (Hall.) 

ROCKINGHAM. 

Clay  Slate.  (C.) 

Jllum,  at  a  place  called  "  Horse  heaven." 

Epidote. 

Hornblende,  with 

Chlorite. 

Aluminous  Slate,  in  argillaceous  slate,  which  is   quarried,  at 

"  Horse  heaven."  (Hall.) 
Smoky  quartz.  (H.  M.  Wells.) 

ROYALTON. 

Precious  Garnet,  in  small  but  remarkably  perfect  crystals  in 
a  steatitic  rock.  (C.) 

Hornblende,  capillary  crystals,  in  mica  slate.  It  occurs  mas- 
sive or  crystallized  in  all  parts  of  the  state.  (Hall.) 


30  VERMONT. 

RUTLAND. 

Specular  Iron,  a  little  east  from  the  village,  in  thin  plates  rest- 
ing on  quartz.  (Hall.) 
Pipe  Clay,  of  fine  quality.  (Morse.) 

SALISBURY. 

Hornstone.  (Hall.) 

SHAFTSBURY. 

Marble,  white,  extensively  quarried.  (C.) 

SHARON. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Sil.  6.245.) 

SHOREHAM. 

Calcareous  Spar,  very  beautiful,  transparent,  rhomboidal  crys- 
tals have  been  obtained. 

Compact  Shell  Limestone,  with  organic  remains. 
Fetid  Limestone. 
Hornstone.  (Hall.) 

SHREWSBURY. 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron.  Sulphate  of  iron,  or  copperas 
is  manufactured  from  it  (C.)  2  rn.  S.  E.  from  Finney's  tav- 
ern ;  here  it  constitutes  the  body  of  a  large  hill,  a  spur  of 
the  Green  mountain  :  amorphous. 

Smoky  Quartz,  crystallized. 

Fetid  Quartz,  on  the  shunpike,  in  large  masses  of 

Milky  Quartz.  (Hall) 

SPRINGFIELD. 

Garnet.  (Hall.) 

STOCKBRIDGE. 

Steatite.  (C.) 

Milky  Quartz,  in  beds  of  rivers,  and  scattered  on  the  surface 

of  the  earth,  usually  in  rolled  masses. 
Greasy  Quartz. 
Epidote,  with 
Hornblende. 
Chlorite,  becoming  a  kind  of  coarse  steatite.    Hall.) 


VERMONT.  31 

ST.  JOHNSBURY. 

Limpid  Quarts,  in  crystals  extremely  elegant.    (Hall.) 

STRAFFORD. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  very  abundant,  from  which  sulphate  of 
iron  is  extensively  manufactured,  (C.)  about  12  m.  from 
Dartmouth  College,  and  about  5  m.  from  Thetford,  near 
the  summit  of  a  hill.  The  ore  consists  of  an  aggregate  of 
quartz,  and  undecomposed  pyrites,  in  small  grains.  In  its 
granular  aggregation  resembling  the  quartz  and  feldspar  in 
fine  grained  granite  The  pyrites  constitutes  the  greater 
proportion,  containing  a  small  quantity  of  copper.  Many 
specimens  contain  abundance  of  needle  shaped  crystals  of 

Schorl,  (tiil.  3.326.) 

SUDBURY. 

Chlorite.  (Hall.) 

SOMERSET. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  considerable  quantities,  with  py- 
rites, (C.)  in  beds  in  mica  slate,  from  1  inch  to  2  feet 
thick.  (Hall.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  abundance,  and 

Bog  Ore.  (Sil.  3.76.) 

Dolomite,  with  iron  ore.  (&i7.  8.35.) 

SUNDERLAND. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (C.) 

SWANTON. 

Black  Marble,  quarried  largely.  Also  dove  and  grey  ;  on  the 
Michiscoui,  it  is  often  very  beautifully  shaded  and  veined. 
This  quarry  furnishes  annually  from  4,000  to  5,000  feet,  es- 
timated a«  one  dollar  a  foot. 

Siliceous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  red,  stratified,  similar  to  that  of 
Middlebury,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  town.  (Hall.) 

THETFORD. 

Fluate  of  Lime. 
Novaculite. 


32  VERMONT. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  (C.)  in  masses  scattered  promiscuously  on 
the  surface  of  the  earth. 

Radiated  Quartz,  in  small  groups  of  acicular,  radiating  crys- 
tals which  are  exceedingly  beautiful.  (Hall.) 

TINMOUTH. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  granular  limestone,  in  cubes;  abundant 
and  handsome.  (Hall.) 

TOWNSEND. 

Mica,  a  little  way  N.  W.  from  the  meetinghouse,  lamellar  in 

granite,  sometimes  in  regular  crystals. 
Feldspar,  white  and  slightly  translucent,  in  regular  hexagonal 

prisms,  \  a  m.  N.  from  the  village,  in  coarse  granite.  (Hall.) 
Kaolin.    (11.  M.  Hells.) 

VERGENNES. 

Calcareous  Spar,  a  few  rods  below  the  falls,  crystallized, 
white,  but  not  transparent. 

Marble,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Kirby  marble,  near  the 
line  which  divides  New  Haven  from  Middlebury,  white,  re- 
markably translucent,  and  not  inferior  in  any  respect  to  the 
Carrara  marble. 

Sulphuret  ofLon.  (Hall.) 

VERNON. 

Granular  Quartz,  appearing  like  loaf  sugar,  (C.)  forming  a 

bed  in 

Clay  Slate.  (Hall.) 
Staurotide,  in  mica  slate,  in  vast  quantities.  (Sil.  6.219.) 

WAITSFIELD. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  large  crystals,  but  not  perfectly  transpa- 
rent. (Hall.) 

WARDSBOROUGH. 

Zoisite,  in  quartz,  very  large  crystals  ;   abundant. 

Trcmolite,  in  fine  crystals,   penetrating   quartz,  sometimes  6 

inches  long.  (C.) 
Chlorite,  in  quartz,  in  distinct  dark  green  folia,  which  often 

form  cylindrical  masses.  (C.) 


VERMONT.  33 

Smoky  Quartz,  amorphous. 

Specular  Iron,  in  thin  laminae  on  chlorite.  (Hall.) 

Schorl. 

WEATHERSFIELD. 

Sulphuret  of  lr,on.  (Hall.) 

WEST  HAVEN. 

Hornstone.  (Hall.) 

WESTMINSTER. 

Staurotide.  (Sil.  6.219.) 
Jlmethyst,  fine  crystals. 
Steatite.  (Hall.) 

WEYBRIDGE. 

Compact  Limestone  near  the  Quaker  village. 
Stalactitic,  in  caves. 

Amianthus,  near  the  paper  mill,  between  layers  of  limestone  ; 
it  is  the  variety  called  earthy  asbestus.  (Hall.) 

WHITING. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

WHITINGHAM. 

Calcareous  Spar,  crystallized. 
Graphite,  foliated,  in  limestone. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  long  prisms,  imbedded  in  quartz. 
(H.  M.  Wells.} 

WILMINGTON. 

Sulphur,  pulverulent.  (Sil.  8.54.) 

WINDHAM. 

Actynolite,  beautiful,  and  very  abundant,  leek  green,  translu- 
cent, and  almost  transparent,  (C.)  in  a  whitish,  uncrystalliz- 
ed  talc,  in  which  are  veins  of  very  beautiful  laminated  talc. 

Steatite.  (C.)  On  the  farm  of  N.  Aiken,  Esq.  there  are  thou- 
sands of  tons  of  compact  steatite  of  the  best  quality. 

Laminated  Talc,  2  m.  from  the  S.  meetinghouse,  in  and  near 
a  road  running  from  that  meetinghouse  to  the  S.  part  of 
5 


34  VERMONT. 

Grafton  :    this  is  one  of  the  finest  localities  of  actynolite 

and  talc  in  the  United  States. 

Tabular  Quartz,  near  the  S.  meetinghouse,  in  thin  layers. 
Garnet. 

rfsbestus,  ligniform,  and  earthy. 
Amianthus. 
Hornblende. 

Common  Serpentine,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  actynolite. 
Chlorite,  becoming  a  coarse  kind  of  steatite.  (Hall.) 


35 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


ABINGTON. 

Limpid  Quartz,  fine  crystals  in  alluvial  soil.  (C.) 
Mtky  Quartz,  the  cavities  frequently  lined  with  crystals. 
Amethyst^  one  fine  crystal  has  been  discovered.  (SiL  6.247.J 

ADAMS. 

Granular  Limestone.  At  the  Cave  or  Falls,  it  is  intimately  con- 
nected with  large  blocks  of  granite,  and  rests  on  mica  slate. 

Marble,  coarse  grained,  white,  susceptible  of  a  good  polish. 

Dolomite,  columnar.  (C.) 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (SiL  5.269.J 

Carbonate  of  Soda.  (Sil.  8.32.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar,  in  granular  limestone.  (SiL  8.33.) 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  on  the  rocks  near  the  S.  village.  (SiL  8.56.) 

Sulphuret  oj  Lead,  on  the  E.  side  of  Saddle  mountain. 
(SiL  8.57.; 

ALFORD. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  very  fetid,  and  abundant.  (SiL  8.35.J 


AMHERST. 


V 


Mca,  some  crystals  of  it  have  been  found.  (SiL  1.113.) 
Chalcedony,  in  rolled  masses  in  a  brook,  of  a  fine  blue  color. 
Hornstone,  (ecailleux,  of  Brochant,)  well  characterized,  and 
very  beautiful.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

ANDOVER. 

Mica,  radiated  or  plumose.  (Hall.) 

ASHFIELD. 

Mica,  straw  or  rose  color  in  excess  in  granite.  (SiL  6.220.J 

ATHOL. 

Epidote,  (SiL  1.14.)  in  prismatic,  bladed  crystals,  associated 
with  black 


Of  THIS 

IIVBESITY] 


36  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Radiated  Schorl,  and 

Hornblende.  (Sil  6.223.)    " 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  (Sil.  1.115.)  in  octahedral  crystals  in 

mica  slate  and  gneiss.  (Sil.  6.232.J 
Limpid  Quartz.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 

ATTLEBOROUGH. 

Compact  Limestone,  in  beds,  and  associated  with 

Red  Clay  Slate,  near  the  "  City,"  and  A  a  m.  S.  E.  from  the 

old  meetinghouse. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  amygdaloid,  near  the  limestone. 
Jlnalcime,  in  amygdaloid,  with  calc  spar,  &c. 

BECKET. 

Fibrolite  ?  in  small  quantities.  (Sil.  8.40.J 
Vert  Antique  ?  in  a   bed,  in  gneiss   on  the  river   in   Becket. 
(Sil.  8.58.) 

BEDFORD. 

Granular  Limestone. 

Garnet,  in  large  and  sometimes  perfect  trapezoidal  crystals  in 
granite.  (C.) 

BELCHERTOWN. 

Actynolite.  (C.) 

Epidote,  in  greenstone.  (E.) 

Amethyst.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

BELLINGHAM. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  granite,   near  Curtis'  tavern,  8  m. 
from  Mendon.  (Eddy.) 

BERNARDSTON. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  veins.  (Sil.  1.115.) 
Micaceous  Oicide  of  Iron,  and 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant   in  beds  in  talco-argillite. 
(Sil.  6.208.) 

BEVERLY. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  purple ;  small  portions  are  disseminated  in  the 
fissures  of  a  very  beautiful 


MASSACHUSETTS.  37 

Green  Feldspar.  (Sil.  7.252.J  Green  Feldspar,  some  of 
which  is  crystallized,  is  found  in  narrow  veins  in  sienite, 
with  crystals  of 

Zircon,  in  the  common,  or  parade  ground.  (J.  W.  W.  1.599.J 

BILLERICA. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  in  coarse  granite,  the  feldspar  of  which  is 
of  gigantic,  size  and  of  a  beautiful  flesh  color.  (J.  W.  W.} 

BLANFOPxD. 

Cyanite,  is  abundant  in  this  vicinity.  (Sil.  8.40.) 

BOLTON. 

Primitive  Limestone,  in  gneiss,  with 

Tremolite,  in  fibrous  masses. 

Jictynolite,  sometimes  in  rhombic  prisms  3  inches  long  in 
primitive  limestone,  ( C.) 

Scapolite,  fine  specimens,  massive,  in  distinct  concretions,  and 
crystallized  in  veins  oi  white  quartz,  intersecting  the  lime- 
stone. It  occurs  red,  white,  and  yellow,  very  abundant. 

Augite,  green,  in  granular  limestone,  abundant. 

Sitico- Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  disseminated  in  the 
granular  limestone,  in  irregular  grains,  and  beautifully  crys- 
tallized. (Sti.  7.52  §•  53.J 

Calc.  Spar,  not  abundant. 

Epidote,  not  abundant.  (W.  Lincoln.} 

J\'uttallite,  is  found  imbedded  in  carbonate  of  lime  ;  its  form 
a  right  square  prism,  with  cleavages  parallel  to  its  lateral 
planes  ;  the  edges  of  the  prisms  replaced  by  single  planes,  but 
the  terminal  planes  are  imperfect ;  from  its  exhibiting  a  play 
of  light  resembling  the  fettstein  from  Norway,  it  had  been 
named  Elaeolite  Some  fragments  are  nearly  transparent 
and  colorless.  It  is  softer  and  much  more  glassy  in  its  frac- 
ture than  scapolite.  (Annals  of  Philos.  Loud.  May,  1824,) 

Phosphate  of  Lime.  ?  massive,  and  imperfectly  crystallized,  in 
quartz.  The  writer  has  one  imperfect  crystal  £  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  small,  colorless, 
transparent  crystal,  apparently  quartz. 

Fetid  Limestone. 

Brucite,  in  limestone,  yellow,  and  greyish  brown,  very  abun- 
dant. A  yellowish  green  substance,  resembling  serpentine,? 


38  MASSACHUSETTS. 

but  supposed  to  be  a  variety  of  brucite,  is  found  disseminat- 
ed in  the  same  rock. 

Gadolinite,  disseminated  in  lim&stone.  (J.  W.  fF.) 

Garnet,  rare. 

Amianthus,  very  white,  rare. 

Sahlite. 

Hornblende,  fibrous,  and  radiated. 

Talc,  in  veins  in  limestone. 

BOSTON. 
Clay  and  gravel  constitute  the  peninsula  of  Boston.  (J.  W.  W .} 

BRIDGEWATER. 

Chlorite,  in  yellowish  green  masses  in  quartz.  (C.) 
Blue  Quartz,  in  amorphous  masses.  (Sil.  6.247.) 

BRIGHTON. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  amygdaloid,  both  massive  and  in  crystals. 

Quartz,  of  various  colors,  forming  beds  in  amygdaloid  ;  also 
in  large,  well  formed  crystals,  opaque,  and  colored  green  by 

Green  Earth. 

Prase.     It  appears  to  be  colored  by  epidote. 

Epidote,  in  veins  traversing  sienite  and  greenstone,  usually 
compact,  but  sometimes  crystallized  in  cavities. 

Asbestus,  the  common  variety,  in  amygdaloid  and  rolled  mass- 
es of  greenstone. 

Chlorite,  massive  in  quartz. 

Pyritous  Copper,  in  quartz  accompanying  amygdaloid. 

Muriate  of  Copper,  (?)  investing  quartz  and  amygdaloid. 

Specular  O  *ide  of  Iron,  in  thin  laminae  in  quartz. 

Micaceous  O,xide  of  Iron,  (C.)  in  small  veins  in  greywacke 
and  amygdaloid. 

Compact  Limestone,  massive  and  disseminated  in  amygdaloid. 

Schorl,  disseminated  in  rolled  masses  of  granite. 

Wacke,  (?)  in  rounded  fragments,  and  forming  the  basis  of 
amygdaloid. 

Hornblende,  in  rounded  masses. 

Clay  Slate, 

Novaculite,  and  greenstone. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  disseminated  in  clay  slate. 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  alluvial  soil. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  39 

Sulphuret  of  Lead ,  disseminated   in  rolled   masses  of  quartz; 

very  rare.  (Dana.) 
Sulphate  of  Lime,  \n  amygdaloid.  (.7.  W.  W.) 

BRIMF1ELD. 

Mularia,  in  gneiss  and  granite;  (C.)  very  beautiful,  in  a  wall 

near  the  residence  of  the  late  Gen  William  Eaton. 
Zircon,  in  connexion  with  the  adularia. 
Sulphur et  of  Molybdena,  in  granite,  in  the  western  part  of  the 

town.  (E.) 
Graphite,  or  plumbago,  6  m.  S.  E.  from  Brimfield,  abundant. 

(Sil.  2.238.) 
Pyrope,  in  granite,  the   feldspar  of  which   is  light  green — in 

rounded  irregular  masses  of  a  delicate  poppy  red  ;  found  in 

digging  a  well.  (Sil.  6.222.) 

BROOKFIELD. 

Prehnite.  (C.) 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  abundant  in  granite.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  abundant.  (W.  Lincoln.) 

Garnets,  in  mica  slate.  (J.  W.  W.) 

BROOKLINE. 

Chlorite,  earthy,  in  quartz.  (C.) 
Novaculite,  in  rolled  masses    (Dana.) 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Pyritous  Copper,  in  rolled  masses  of  quartz.  (C.) 
Limpid  Quartz,  in  angular  pieces,  in   alluvial  soil   at  Simon's 
hill,  and  at  Lechrnere  Point,  on  the  banks  of  Charles  river 
Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses  and  fragments  in  alluvial  soil. 
Schorl,  disseminated  in  rolled  masses  of  granite. 
Basalt,  (?)  in  rounded  masses. 
Garnet,  in  rounded  masses  of  granite. 
Hornblende,  in  rounded  masses. 
Novaculite,  in  rolled  masses. 
Potters'  Clay,  in  vast  quantities. 

Peat,  compact  and  fibrous  ;  large  quantities  of  both  varieties. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and 
Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  alluvial  soil. 


40  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  massive  in  rounded  fragments  of  quartz/, 
accompanied  with  pyrites  and  yellow  ochre.  (Dana.) 

CARLISLE. 

Mica,  in  large  laminae. 

Feldspar,  a  beautiful  cream  colored  variety.  (Dana.) 

CARVER. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  abundant  at  the  bottom  of  ponds.  (C.) 

CHARLEMONT. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Sil.  1.115.) 
Scapolite,  in  quartz. 

Hornblende,  fibrous,  the  variety  called  fasciculite  ;  very  fioe. 
(H.  M.  Wells.) 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Calcareous  Spar,  disseminated,  and  in  small  veins  in  clay  slate. 

Brown  Spar,  in  veins  and  fissures  in  clay  slate. 

Feldspar,  in  sienite  in  masses  composed  of  tables  or  4  sided 
prisms,  which  have  generally  a  white  nucleus  surrounded 
by  red  or  green  lamina?. 

Prehnite,  in  greenstone.  (C.)  This  prehnite  occurs  in  sienite, 
with  crystallized  feldspar.  (J.  W.  fV.) 

Chlorite,  in  thin  layers  in  greenstone  and  clay  slate. 

Clay  Slate,  near  Powder  House  hill,  extensively  quarried. 

Novaculite,  in  beds  in  clay  slate,  into  which  it  passes,  or  in 
rolled  masses. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  greenstone.  (C.) 

Compact  Limestone,  in  veins  in  argillite  at  the  slate  quarries. 

Concreted  Carbonate  of  Lime,  incrusting  greenstone  and  ar- 
gillite. 

Pinite,  disseminated  in  basalt ;  rare. 

Basalt,  (?)  in  beds  in  argillite  and  in  rounded  masses. 

Garnet,  in  rounded  masses  of  granite. 

Basaltic  Hornblende,  imbedded  in  rolled  masses  of  basalt. 

Common  Hornblende,  in  do. 

Clay  Slate,  in  large  beds  in  greenstone,  and  in  rolled  masses. 

Potter's  Clay  ;  abundant. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  massive  in  clay;  rare. 

Ochrey  Brown   Oxide  of  Iron,  massive,  and  disseminated   in 


MASSACHUSETTS.  41 

quartz  which  traverses  greenstone,  and  in  decomposing 
greenstone. 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  alluvion. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  efflorescent  on  argillite,  and  massive.  (Da- 
na.) 

CHARLTON. 

Radiated  Tourmaline.  (Sil.  2.240.) 

CHELMSFORD. 

Granular  Limestone,  a  bed  in  mica  slate.  It  phosphoresces 
by  friction  or  from  heat. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  (apatite)  in  small  green  prisms  in  lime- 
stone. 

Scapolite,  (Chelmsfordite  of  Dana,)  in  limestone  associated 
with  quartz,  mica,  and  phosphate  of  lime. 

Tremolite,  in  fibrous  masses  in  limestone. 

Actynolite,  amorphous  or  in  imperfect  6  sided  prisms  in  lime- 
stone. (C.) 

Mica,  disseminated  in  limestone. 

Steatite,  in  limestone.  (Dana.) 

CHELSEA. 

Clay  slate.  (Dana.) 

CHELSEA  BEECH. 

Petrosilex  pebbles,  abundant.  (Dana.) 

CHESTER. 

Calcareous  Spar,  beautifully  crystallized.  (Sil.  6.246.)~about  1 
m  E.  of  the  meetinghouse  with  chabasie  and  stilbite  in  fis- 
sures and  veins,  in  the  mica  slate.  (Sil.  7.255.) 

Cyanite,  very  dark  colored,  in  mica  slate. 

Agate.  (Sil.  6  248.)  One  specimen  in  the  sand,  near  Chester 
village,  weighed  upwards  of  180  Ib.  consisting  of  yellow  jas- 
per and  chalcedony.  A  much  larger  mass  partly  agatized 
was  near  the  meetinghouse.  (->t7.  7.256  ) 

Chabasie,  in  cuboidal  crystals,  (SiL  6.248.)  with  stilbite  and 
carbonate  of  lime  in  mica  slate  ;  fine  crystals.  (Sil.  8.45.^ 

Graphite.  (SiL  6.248.) 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  associated  with 


42  MASSACHUSETTS. 

•flugite,  and 

Jlctynolite  ;  likewise  in  sienite. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  in  an  aggregate  of 

Grey  Epidote, 

Zoisite,  hornblende,  and  quartz,  (^il.  7.254.) 

Jlugite,  abundant,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Sahlite,  and 

Coccolite,  in  beds,  in  mica  slate,  well  chnracterized. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant   in  octaedral   crystals,  and 

amorphous,  disseminated  in 
Serpentine,  mica  slate,  &c. 
Garnets,  and 

Staurotide,  very  abundant.  (Sil.  7.255.) 

Beryl,  in  an  aggregate  of  carbonate  of  lime,  chlorite,  and  feld- 
spar. (Sil.  7.233.) 
Granular  Limestone,  highly  crystalline    between  the   strata  of 

mica  slate.  (Sil.  8,33.) 
Rose  Red  Quartz,  in  granite.  (Sil.  8.37.) 
Laminated  Quartz,  a  new  variety,  (Sil.  8.38.) 
Pycnite,  in  detached  pieces  of  gneiss,  resembling  beryl. 
Mica,  prismatic   and    lamellar,    abundant   and    beautiful,    in 
coarse  granite.  (Sil.  8.41.) 

Common   Schorl,    in    the    veins   of  granite,    found  in    mica 
slate. 

Green  Tourmaline,  and 

Indicolite,  are  found  in  a  vein  of  granite  in  mica  slate,  with 

Silicious  Feldspar,  or  Cleavelandite. 

Common  Feldspar,  abundant   in    granite,  often    crystallized. 

Green  Feldspar,  and  rose  red  quartz,  2  m.  S.  of  the  meeting- 
house. (Sil.  8.42.) 

Albite.     The  siliceous  feldspar  passes  into  fine  and   coarse 
granular. 

Glassy  Feldspar,  in  quadrangular  prisms  in  granite,  abundant. 

Compact  Feldspar,  found   sometimes     with    the    preceding. 
(M7.  8.43.) 

Scapolite,  with 

Hornblende,  augite,  &ic. 

JMelanite,  in  hornblende. 

Epidote,  on  hornblende  rocks  ;  sometimes  also  in  grains. 

Idocrase,  associated  with  actynolite,  epidote, 

Chlorite,  &c.  (Sil.  8.44.  J  deep  green,  foliated.  (Sil.  8.52.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  43 

Stilbite,a  mile  E.  of  the  meetinghouse,  and  in  other  places  in 
fissures  of  the  mica  slate  and  hornblende  rocks,  associated 
with 

Zeolite.  (Sil.  8.45.) 

Nacriie1?  on  mica  slate.  (Sil.  8.46.) 

Diallage  ?  in  diallase  rock  !  It  resembles  metalloidal  diallage, 
(Sil,  8.49.) 

Brown  Talc  forms  veins  in  mica  slate  ;  same  as  that  mention- 
ed in  Sil.  7.55.  (&7.  8.50.) 

Sulphur ,  in  mica  slate.  (*-?'/.  8.54.) 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  granite,  rare,  somewhat 
resembling  schorl.  (Sil.  8. 53.) 

Spodumene,  in  small  quantity  in  granite,  yellowish  or  pale 
green.  (Sit.  8  243.) 

Fetid  Quartz,  in  granite.  (Sil.  8.250.) 

CHESTERFIELD.         ? 

Cyanite,  very  fine,  associated  with 

Garnet  and  quartz. 

Green  Tourmaline,  in  a  bed  of  granite,  chiefly  in  a  vein  of 

quartz  and 

Siliceous  Feldspar,  traversing  the  granite,  associated  with 
Rubellite.     This  granite  contains 
Blue  Tourmaline,  and 
Emerald. 
Beryl,  in  granite  ;  the  crystals  vary  from  a  small  size  to  that 

of  a  foot  in  diameter  ;  their  color  is  usually  a  light  green, 

and  they  much  resemble  the  French  beryl  at  Limoge.  (C.) 
Rose  Quartz,  beautiful,  and   in   considerable   quantities  in  a 

ledge,  at  the  E.  part  of  the  town. 
Irised  Quartz,  in  large  quantities,  red,  yellow,  or  orange,  and 

very  delicate.  (Sil.  6.247.) 
Tremolite,  well  characterized.  (SiL  6.248.) 
Staurotide,  abundant  (Sil.  6.219.)  in  mica  slate,  or  is  it 
Madel  (Sil.  6.227.) 
Sulphuret  ofMolybdena.  (£il.  7.58.) 
Green  Feldspar,  in   crystalline   masses,  very  fine,  in  granite 

near  the  cyanite  locality.    (SiL  7.251.) 
Fetid  Quartz. 

Prismatic  Mica,  abundant,  and  beautiful. 
Scajpolite,  associated  with  quartz.  (Sil.  7.J52.) 


44  MASSACHUSETTS. 

CHILMARK. 

Ferruginous  Pebbles,  brown  or  reddish,  in  beds,  cemented 
by  the  oxide  of  iron. 

Mica,  silver  color,  intimately  mixed  with,  and  composing 
nearly  half  of  some  of  the  clay  beds.  This  clay  appears  to 
be 

Kaolin. 

Variegated  Clay,  in  beds. 

Mineral  Charcoal,  in  small  masses,  in   some  of  the  clay  beds. 

Lignite,  well  characterized,  in  the  clay,  beneath  the  ferrugi- 
nous pebble  beds,  5  or  6  m.  from  Gay  Head.  (Sil.  7.i45.) 

Argillaceous  Ore  of  Iron,  incrusting  the  cliffs  a  little  east- 
ward from  Monimshi  bite,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island,  as- 
suming a  mamillary  or  botryoidal  appearance,  to  which  I  am 
inclined  to  apply  the  very  appropriate  name  of  Iron  Sinter. 

Garnet,  in  granite  near  this  locality.    (T.  Ji.  Greene.) 

COHASSET. 

Hornstone,  in  a  small  vein  in  sienite,  rare.  (Dana.) 

COLRAIN. 

Scapolite'?  (Sil  6.225) 

Red  Oxide  oj  Titanium,  in  quartz,  mica  slate,  and  tremolite. 
(Sit.  6.236.; 

CONCORD. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  occurs  with  a  vein  of  sulphuret  of  iron  in 

greenstone. 

Sutphuret  of  Iron,  disseminated  in 
Clay  blate* 
Novaculite.  (Dana.) 

CONWAY. 

Cyanite,  in  mica  slate.  (C.) 

Melanite,  in  mica  slate,  at  the  cyanite  locality,  a  few  miles  E. 

of  the  village,  in  great  abundance.  (E.  145  ) 
Rock  Crystal,  abundant ;  good  specimens  of  crystals  crossing 

each  other  in  all  directions,  on  feldspar.  (Sil.  J.I  12.) 
Garnet,  nearly  black  in   hornblende   and  mica  slate.     Good 

specimens  of  the  melenite. 
Sulphur,  pulverulent  in  small  quantities,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil. 

1.114.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  45 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  in  small  quantities,  efflorescing  in  mica  slate. 
(Sil  1.115.; 

Hornstone  ;  rare.  (Sil.  1 .436.) 

Green  Fluate  of  Lime,  in  a  vein  of  mica  slate,  in  small  quan- 
tities. 

Tabular  Quartz,  and 

Radiated  Quartz,  abundant,  and  most  beautiful  graphic  gran- 

r    ite.  (Sil  5.405.J 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  crystallized  on  Crystallized  Quartz  ; 
rare. 

Alum,  on  mica  slate  efflorescing. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  veins,  and  geodes,  from  1  to  10  inches  in 
diameter  in  mica  slate.  The  crystals  are  of  every  size,  are 
very  transparent,  and  occur  in  vast  quantities.  (Sil  6.213.) 

Fetid  Quartz,  milk  white,  in  veins,  in  mica  slate,  and  granite 
and  loose  on  the  surface,  and  crystallized.  (Sil  6.215.) 

Jasper,  red,  black,  and  yellow,  in  rolled  fragments  on  the 
banks  of  Deerfield  river.  (Sil.  6.218.) 

Mica,  straw  yellow,  sometimes  rose  red,  in  excess  in  granitic 
veins.  (Sil  6  220.) 

Scapolite  ?  (ftt.  6.225.) 

Fasciculite,  in  mica  slate  and  talco-micaceous  slate.  (Sil 
6.226.J 

Chlorite,  foliated.  (Sil  6.228.; 

Kaolin,  in  small  quantities.  (Sil  6.229.) 

Spodumene,  from  the  vicinity  of  Convvay.  (Sil  8.121.) 

CUMMINGTON. 

Mlky  Quartz,  often  in  large  masses. 

Jasper,  black,  in  rolled  fragments  on  the  banks  of  Westfield 

river. 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate. 
Garnet. 
Jlctynolite. 

Talc,  sometimes  laminated,  and  greenish  white  in 
Steatite,  which  is  abundant,  and  quarried. 
Chromate  of  Iron,  compart  and  amorphous.  (C.) 
Blue  Quartz,  in  amorphous  masses. 
Arenaceous  Quartz,  often  in  large  masses. 
Fetid  Quartz.  (Sil  6.247.) 
Green  Mica. 
Tremolite,  associated  with  quartz  and  beautiful  garnets.  (Cum- 

raingtonite  of  Prof.  Dewey.) 


46  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Serpentine,  in  loose  masses. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  one  small  mass  has  been  found  at  the  soap- 
stone  quarry. 

Graphite.  (SiL  6.248.) 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (Sil.  7.58.) 

Chalcedony. 

Red  Jasper,  on  the  banks  of  Westfield  river. 

Black  Tourmaline,  in  milky  quartz,  uncommonly  beautiful. 
(Sil.  7.252.) 

Sulphur,  in  the  Cummingtonite  rock. 

Graphite.  (Sil  8.54.) 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  compact  and  earthy.  (SiL  8.57.) 

Cummingtonite,  or  grey  epidole,  with  quartz  and  garnet,  form- 
ing a  large  mass  in  which  is  found  minute  crystals  of 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Sil.  8.59.) 

Laminated  Quartz,  well  characterized.  It  occurs  both  of  the 
milky  and  smoky  varieties.  The  rock  that  contains  the 
Cummingtonite  is  known  by  the  common  people  by  the 
name  of  '  Copperas  rock,'  pieces  of  it  being  occasionally 
used  as  a  substitute  for  sulphate  of  iron  in  dying.  It  lies 
by  the  road  side  in  the  E.  part  of  the  town. 

Fetid  Limestone,  in  loose  masses,  dark  colored,  scintilla- 
ting, and  very  fetid. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  beautifully  crystallized  in  rhombs,  which 
are  nearly  white,  have  a  shining  surface,  and  are  frequent- 
ly curved  or  undulated. 

Siliceous -Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  large  quantities;  it  is  of  a 
light,  but  very  lively  rose  red  color,  and  takes  a  fine  polish, 
associated  with  the  grey  oxide,  and  around  both,  the  black 
oxide  commonly  forms  an  envelope. 

Cyanite,  in  small  quantities,  in  large,  well  defined  crystals,  of 
a  lively  and  delicate  color,  in  mica  slate,  associated  with 
white  quartz,  garnets,  and 

Black  Mica. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  occurs  at  the  same  place,  and  some- 
times in  the  same  rock,  with  the  cyanite. 

Hyalite,  or  stalactical  quartz.  (Jacob  Porter.) 

DALTON. 

Yellow  Tourmaline,  near  the  Housatonic,  in  groups  of  straw 

yellow  crystals,  in 
Granular  Limestone. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  47 

Compact  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron ,  incrusting  rocks.  (C.) 
Yellow   Ferruginous    Quartz,   crystallized    and    amorphous, 
(Jacob  Porter.) 

DANVERS. 

Calcareous  Spar ;    the    laminated  variety  occurs  in   green- 
stone, and  in 
Clay  Slate.  (C.) 

Common  Hornblende,  in  rounded  masses. 
Potter's  Clay,  extensively  manufactured. 
Peat,  compact  and  fibrous,  abundant.  (Dana.) 

DEDHAM. 

Epidotey  in  veins,  traversing  sienite  and  greenstone,  usually 
compact,  but  sometimes  crystallized  in  cavities. 

Jlsbestus ;  the  common  variety  is  found  massive  in  quartz, 
which  traverses  rolled  masses  of  greenstone.  (C.) 

Sulphuret  of 'Iron,  disseminated  in 

Clay  Slate. 

Novaculite.  (Dana.) 

DEERFIELD. 

Tabular  Quartz,  in  greenstone. 

Quartz  geodes,  of  which  the  interior  is  lined  with  chabasie, 
prehnite,  &LC. 

Amethyst,  possessing  a  delicate  color  in  greenstone. 

Carnelian,  in  greenstone,  deep  red,  or  yellowish,  generally 
united  with  common 

Chalcedony,  which  occurs  in  secondary  greenstone,  cylindri- 
cal, reniform,  and  stalactical. 

Sardonyx,  passing  into  carnelian,  with  which  it  is  associated. 

Jasper,  red,  yellow,  or  imperfectly  striped,  in  rolled  masses, 
on  the  banks  of  Deerfieid  river. 

Agate,  in  greenstone,  1  m.  E.  from  the  Academy.  (C.)  A  new 
ocality  of  them  of  very  fine  specimens,  \JSil  5.407.)  in- 
cluding the  fortification  agate,  striped  or  ribbon  agate,  eyed 
agates,  and  chalcedony x  ;  one  weighed  23  Ib.  (Sil.  6216.) 

Cacholong,  in  greenstone,  passing  into  common  chalcedony, 
about  which  it  usually  forms  an  envelope. 

Cyanite,  in  mica  slate. 

Basanite,  on  the  banks  of  Deerfieid  river. 


48  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Stilbite,  in  greenstone,  white  crystals,  usually  associated  with 
chabasie. 

Zeolite,  radiated  masses  in  cavities  of  greenstone. 

Analdme,  in  greenstone,  with  chabasie,  quartz,  and  amethyst. 

Chabasie,  in  cavities  or  veins  in  greenstone,  also  in  geodes, 
on  balls  of  zeolite,  or  on  chalcedony,  quartz,  &c. 

Prehnite,  incrusting  columnar  greenstone,  or  traversing  it  in 
veins. 

Jlugite,  in  black,  imperfect  crystals  in  an  aggregate  of  green- 
stone, quartz,  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

Chlorite,  in  amygdaloid. 

Green  Earth,  in  amygdaloid. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (C.) 

Blue  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses  on  Deerfield  river. 

Granular  Quartz.  (Sil.  1.112.) 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Lamellar  Quartz. 

Pseudomorphous  Quartz,  in  greenstone. 

Mica,   very   abundant   on  the  E.   side  of  Connecticut   river. 

Fetrosilex,  on  the  banks  of  Deerfield  river* 

Hornblende.  (Sil.  1.113.) 

Epidote.  (5*7.1.114.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar,  with  the  prehnite  &c.  about  2  m. 
from  Deerfield  Academy,  easterly. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Sil.  1.115.) 

Rose  Quartz,  a  loose  mass  in  alluvial  soil.  (Sil.  1.116.) 

Hornstone,  in  nodules  ;  abundant. 

Siliceous  Slate,  in  rolled  masses,  on  the  banks  of  Deerfield 
river.  (Sil.  1.436.) 

Fluate  of  Lime,  purple,  crystallized.  (Sil.  5.407.) 

Feldspar,  deep  flesh  color,  with  quartz,  forming  elegant  speci- 
mens of  graphic  granite.  (Sil.  6.16.J 

Garnet,  abundant;  (Sil.  1.114.)  in  hornblende  and  mica  slate, 
nearly  black.  (Sil.  6.222.) 

Common  Serpentine,  in  small  rolled  masses.  (Sil.  G.227.J 

Pyritous  Copper,  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  6.231.) 

DORCHESTER. 

Compact  Feldspar,  abundant,  forming  beds,  or  even  hills. 
Novaculite,  in  rolled  masses,  and  in  beds  in 
day  Slat*,  into  which  it  passes.  (C.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  49 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  alluvial  soil  at  Dor- 
chester beach  ;  rare.  (Dana.) 
Black  Oxide  of  Manganese,  investing  various  rocks.  (J.  W.  W.) 


EASTON. 

Sulphur  et  of  Copper,  and 

Sutphuret  <.j  Lead,  on  Jonathan  Leonard's  farm. 

FLORIDA. 

Prase,  beautiful,  and  containing 

Sutphuret  oj  Iron,  a  little  E.  of  the  summit  of  Hoosack  moun- 
tain. (Sit.  1.344.) 

Serpentine,  some  of  it  is  very  hard,  and  contains  crystals  of 
sulphuret  of  iron.  With  the  serpentine  is  often  found 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron, 

Hyalite, 

Chalcedony, 

Talc, 

Asbestus,  &c.  (Sil.  8.49,  &  50.) 

GAY  HEAD. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  in  rhomboidal  tables,  more  frequently  in 
acicular  prisms,  imbedded  in  a  blackish  earth  which  appears 
to  be  decomposed  on  decayed  lignite. 

Potters'  Clay. 

Pipe  clay  fine  and  white. 

Variegated  Clay. 

Lignite,  three  varieties ;  Brittle  Lignite,  Bituminous  Wood, 
and  Earthy  Lignite,  very  plentiful. 

Radiated  bulphuret  of  Iron,  sometimes  in  a  cylindrical  form 
investing  the  lignite,  more  frequently  in  spheroidal  masses 
imbedded  in  the  earthy,  or  decomposed  lignite,  or  in  clay. 

Red  and  Yellow  Ochres. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  the  columnar  and  nodular  varie- 
ties; the  latter  very  common. 

Amorphous  Native  Arsenic  is  said  to  occur  here.  All  these 
may  be  found  in  the  cliff,  which  presents  a  naked  front  of 
200  feet  in  height,  and  whose  variegated  colors  have  given 
name  to  this  spot ;  within  forty  rods  of  the  light  house. 
(C.)^(T.  A.  Green.) 

Amber  has  been  found  floating  on  the  ocean,  near,  undoubted- 
ly derived  from  the  lignite  of  this  formation.  (SiL  7.35.) 


50      ;  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Iron  Sinter,  as  discribed  under  Chilmark,  found  sparingly. 
(T.  A.  Greene.) 

GILL. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  (C.)  a  little  below  Turner's  falls  on  the 
S.  E.  bank  of  Connecticut  river.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

Bituminous  Shale  has  been  found  at  the  falls.  (6*7.  I. 111.) 

Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  6.216.) 

Chlorite,  in  greenstone  amygdaloid.  (Sil.  6.228.) 

Claystone,  in  rolled  pieces  in  the  bed  of  Connecticut  river,  be- 
low where  it  cuts  through  the  coal  formation  at  Gill.  (Sil. 
6.22'9.) 

Variagated  Pyritous  Qopper,  sparingly  disseminated,  in  calca- 
reous spar,  in  sand  stone  of  the  coal  formation  ;  in  the  isl- 
and, in  the  middle  of  Connecticut  river,  at  the  falls  in  Gill. 
(Sil.  6.231.J 

Arsenical  Iron  ?  or  arsenical  sulphuret  of  iron  ;  one  detached 
mass.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near  the  falls,  in  a  dark, 
hard  slate,  of  the  coal  formation.  (Sil.  6.233.) 

GOSHEN. 

Mica,  in  detached  masses  of  granite  associated  with 

Blue  Tourmaline,  and 

Green  Tourmaline.  The  mica  is  sometimes  crystallized  in 
rhombic  tables,  generally  rose  red,  or  violet,  resembling 
lepidolite,  6  m.  N.  B.  from  Chesterfield.  The  same  granite 
contains 

Black  Tourmalines,  and 

Red  Tourmalines,  and  also 

Red  Colored  Emeralds,  and 

Cleavelandite,  and 

Beryl,  (C.)  some  of  which  are  rose  colored.  (SiL  C.222.) 

JLimpid  Quartz,  with  snow  white 

Feldspar,  forming  superb  specimens  of  graphic  granite  in  the 
N.  E.  corner  of  the  town.  (8il.  6.16.)  Pseudomorphous 
granite  is  connected  with  it.  (SiL  7.22.) 

Tremolitc. 

Scapolite  $  (Sil.  6.225.)  Scapolite,  occurs  beautifully  crystal- 
lized, and  abundant,  generally  associated  with  white  quartz, 
S.  W.  part  of  the  town.  (J.  Porter.) 

Augite,  white,  abundant  and  fine,  in  granite,  1  m.  N.  of  the 


MASSACHUSETTS.  51 

meetinghouse,  on  the  road  to  Ashfield.  (Sil.  6.225.) 
Ahout  2  m.  N.  of  Goshen  meetinghouse,  a  few  rods  beyond 
«  tavern  on  the  W.  side  of  the  road,  is  a  pasture  almost  cov- 
ered by  bowlders  of  granite.  These  bowlders  are  full  of 
augite ;  some  crystals  12  to  18  inches  long,  and  3  or  4 
wide,  but  imperfect ;  every  cabinet  in  the  world  might  be 
supplied  from  them.  Fine  crystals  of  beryl  are  found  in  the 
same  rock.  (Sil.  7.30.)  Augite  occurs  at  the  celebrated 
locality  of  the  emerald,  tourmalines,  and  silicious  feldspar. 

fibrous  Hornblende,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  6.226.) 

Schorl,  on  granite;  some  of  them  are  covered  by  white 
quartz,  an  inch  or  more,  generally  small  but  handsome. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  in  granite.  (J.  Porter.) 

The  dugite,  of  this  town  has  recently  been  ascertained  by 
analysis  to  be 

Spodumene. 

Fetid  Quartz,  in  all  the  stone  walls,  very  abundant. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  is  likewise  found  in  stone  walls  in 
masses  of  quartz  and  mica  slate.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

GRANVILLE, 

Cyanite,  in  mica  slate.  (C.) 

GREAT  BARRINGTON. 

Dolomite  occurs  at  the  foot  of  a  hill  of  mica  slate,  containing 

Tremolite.  Sometimes  the  crystals  are  bladed  and  flattened, 
and  sometimes  in  masses  of  parallel,  or  diverging  fibres.  (C.) 
The  locality  at  which  the  bladed  crystals  are  abundant  is 
in  Muddy  brook,  3  m.  from  the  plain  in  Stockbridge,  and 
on  the  left  of  the  road,  leading  to  New  Marlborough.  (Sil. 
8.46.) 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  near,  in  gneiss.  (C.) 

Jlugite,  in  magnesian  limestone  at  Muddy  brook,  some  of  the 
crystals  resembling  the  tremolite.  (Sil.  8.47.) 

Chlorite  Slate,  abundant.  (Sil.  8.52.) 

GREENFIELD. 

Sulphate  ofBarytes,  forming  the  walls  of  a  vein,  which  tra- 
verses loadstone,  and  contains 
Green  Carbonate  of  Copper. 
Compact  Malachite,  100  rods  below  the  falls,  with 


52  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Pyrilous  Copper,  in  a  vein  traversing  loadstone,  and  contain- 
ing sulphate  of  barytes.  (C.) 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  abundant.  (SiL  1.436.)  A  vein  of  green  car- 
bonate of  copper  principally,  and  pyritous  copper,  5  or  6 
feet  in  diameter,  occurs  on  the  W.  bank  of  Connecticut 
river,  100  rods  below  the  mouth  of  Fall  river,  and  about 
the  same  distance  in  a  direct  line  from  Turner's  falls,  at 
the  junction  of  the  greenstone  and 

Red  Slate,  of  the  coal  formation.  The  matrix  of  this  vein  is 
loadstone,  which  is  traversed  in  the  direction  of  the  vein, 
by  several  veins  of  sulphate  of  barytes.  About  a  mile  be- 
low the  vein  just  described,  (down  the  stream,)  is  another, 
similar,  and  needs  no  description.  In  other  places  between 
these  veins,  in  the  red  slate  are  observed  veins  of  the  green 
carbonate  of  copper,  not  more  than  ^  of  an  inch  thick, 
while  the  walls  are  glazed,  so  as  to  resemble  polished  steel ; 
constituting  handsome  specimens  of  the 

Slickenside,  of  the  Germans.  (Sil   6.207.J 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized  in  the  copper  mines.  (SiL  6.213.) 

Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (SiL  6.216J 

Chlorite,  in  greenstone  amygdaloid.  (Sil*  6.228.) 

Prehnite,  in  greenstone.  (HalL) 

GROTON. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  (bog  ore,)  occurs  earthy,  or  with 
a  resinous  fracture,  and  yields  hot  short  iron.  (C.) 

HADLEY. 

Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (&il.  6.216.) 

HARDWICK. 

Bog  Ore,  (argillaceous  oxide  of  iron,)  abundant.  (W.  Lincoln.) 

HATFIELD. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  occurs  both   in  tabular  crystals  and  foli- 
ated masses,  in  veins,  traversing  granite  or  gneiss.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (SiL  1.115.) 

HAWLET. 

Jlctynolite,  in  good  crystals  in  a  hornblende  rock. 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  53 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.)  This  exists  in  the  north 
western  part  of  the  town,  in  beds  in  talcose  slate,  with 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  which  is  probably  most  abundant. 
The  principal  bed  varies  from  6  inches  to  3  or  4  feet  in 
thickness.  One  or  two  tons  of  the  micaceous  oxide  lie  be- 
side the  mine  ready  for  the  mineralogist ;  plates  of  it  may 
easily  be  obtained  a  foot  in  diameter,  possessing  a  highly 
glistening  aspect,  and  for  richness  and  beauty,  specimens 
of  this  ore  can  hardly  be  excelled.  (&il.  6.208.) 

Black  Tourmaline,  in 

Milky  Quartz,  (n7.  5,271.) 

Staurotide,  in  abundance,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  6.219.) 

Facicvlite,  in  mica  slate,  and  talco-micaceous  slate.  (Sil+ 
6.226.) 

Jl:acle  ?  abundant  in  mica  slate.  (8il.  6.227.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  compart,  and  unmixed  with  any  gangue. 
{Sil.  6.232.)  Also  in  small  but  beautiful  crystals. 

Hornblende,  abundance  of  fine  crystals,  many  specimens,  re- 
semble bundles  of  rods  tied  together  near  the  middle^ 
thence  diverging.  (Faciculite  ?) 

Chlorite,  abundant,  and  extremely  beautiful.  {Sil.  6.248.) 

Garnet,  very  large  crystals  in 

Chlorite  Slate.  (Sil.  8.44.) 

Zoisite.  (C.  U.  Skepard.) 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedral  crystals,  in  chlorite.  («7. 
Porter.) 

HEATH. 
Made  %  abundant  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  6.227.) 

HINGHAM. 

Hypersthene,  mingled  with  hornblende,  and  forming  a  bed  in 

sienite.  (C.) 

Petrosilex,  disseminated  in  amygdaloid. 
Wacke,  forming  the  basis  of  amygdaloid.  (Dana.) 

HINSDALE. 

Granular  Quartz,  in  large  friable  masses,  snow  white,  and 

much  resembling  loaf  sugar.  (C.) 

Prismatic  Mica,  on  the  edges  of  common  mica.   (Sil.  5.399.) 
Stawoiide,  in  vast  quantities  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  6,21 9.) 


54  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Graphite.  (Sil.  6.248.;  Foliated  and  granular,  sometimes 
nearly  slaty,  with  augite  5  abundant.  (Sil.  8.54.; 

Cacholong,  on 

Hormtone,  and 

Chalcedony. 

Common  Opal.  (Sil.  8.39.; 

Jlugite,  with  graphite.  (Sil.  8.48.J 

Fibrous  Brown  Hematite,  S.  W.  part  of  the  town,  4  m.  from 
Pittsfield,  cementing  a  conglomerated  quartz  rock,  lining 
its  fragments,  and  sometimes  nearly  ^  an  inch  thick.  (Sil. 

8.18.; 

Sulphur,  in  cavities  of  a  mica  slate  rock,  consisting  chiefly  of 
quartz.  (Sil.  8.53. j 

HOLLAND. 

Graphite,  2  m.  S.  from  the  meetinghouse,  between  Sturbridge 

and  Holland,  in  primitive   strata.  (C.)     It  is   6   m.  S.  E. 

from  Brimfield,  an  extensive  bed,  between  layers  of  gneiss, 

in  connexion  with 

Hornblende,  perfectly  pure,  except  that  it  contains 
Cobalt  Ore,  like  the   hornblende  of  Monson  and   Chatham. 

(Sil.  2.238.; 
Lamellar  Hornblende,  good  specimens   are  found  here.  (Sil. 

6.226.; 

HOPKINTON. 

Earthy  Phosphate  of  Iron,  in  large  quantities,  and  is  employ- 
ed as  a  pigment.  (C.)     A  bed  of  some  thickness  was  pass- 
ed through,  1  or  2  feet  below  the  surface,  in  excavating  a 
hole,  6  feet  deep,  for  the  medicinal   spring,  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  town,  on  the  S.  side  of  a  small  meadow,  at  the 
base  of  an  alluvial  hill. 
Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  and 
Bog  Ore ;  abundant,  near  the  chalybeate  springs. 

LANCASTER. 

Andalucite,  reddish  brown,  in  a  rolled  mass  of  white  quartz, 

near.  (J.  W.  W.  1.600.; 
Made,  abundant,  (W.  Lincoln.)  on  what  is  called  "  George 

Hill,"  and  elsewhere. 
Earthy  Marl,  15   m.  N.  E.  of  Worcester,  (C.  C.  Baldwin,) 

discovered  by  Mr.  Farnum  Plummer  in  digging  a  well. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  55 

Finite,  in  clay  slate. 
Spodumene,  fine  specimens. 

LANESBOROUGH. 

Granular  Limestone,  associated  with  mica  slate,  and  other 
primitive  rocks. 

Flexible  Marble. 

Marble,  white  and  brownish ;  7,000  square  feet  annually  saw- 
ed;  value,  $10,000. 

Chlorite,  near,  abundant,  and  often  associated  with  detached 
masses  of  quartz.  (C.) 

Stalactite,  and 

Calc.  Sinter,  in  the  common  forms  of  pendant  and  protube- 
rant, and  projecting  masses,  occur  in  very  considerable 
quantity,  in  a  small  cavern  in  one  of  the  quarries  of  primi- 
tive limestone.  (Sil.  4.41.) 

Graphite,  ('Sil.  7.253.) 

Graphic  State,  in  small  quantity,  with 

Clay  Slate.  (5ft/.8.52.) 

Siliceous  Sand,  suitable  for  the  best  flint  glass.  (Sch.) 

Yellow  Ferruginous  Quartz,  crystallized  and  amorphous. 
(/.  Porter.) 

LEE. 

Dolomite.     When  broken  or  rubbed  it  is  strongly  fetid.  (C.) 

Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  5.21.) 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized.  (Sil.  S.37.) 

Fibrous  Tremolite,  the   masses,  whose  fibres  are   sometimes 

more  than  two  feet  long,  contain  parallelepipeds  of 
Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (Sil.  8.46.)     Sulphuret  of  iron,  exists  also, 

in  compact  masses.  (Sil.  8.55.) 

LEICESTER. 

Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

LENOX. 

Gibbsite  on  iron  ore.  (Sil.  6.247.) 
Blue  Quartz. 

Fetid  Quartz.  (Sil.  7.252.J 
Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime.  (Sil.  8.34. ) 
Marl,  earthy  calcareous,  in  beds,  chiefly  carbonate  of  lime  con- 
taining decayed  small  shells.  (Sil.  8.36.J 


56  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Limpid  Qnartz,  crystallized,  and 
Greasy  Quartz.  (Sit.  8.37  j 

LEVERETT. 

Brown  Spar,  in  a  vein  of  galena. 

8ulphuret  of  Lead,  a  vein  of  which  with 

Pyritous  Copper,  sometimes  in  nearly  equal  proportions  in  a 
gangue  of 

Sulphate  of  Bar ytes,  and  quarz  traverses  gneiss. 

Radiated  Quartz,  forming  a  part  of  the  gancue  of  the  galena. 

Feldspar,  sometimes  in  large  bluish  crystals,  in  granite. 

Sutphuret  of  Zinc,  yellowish,  in  a  vein  of  galena  and  pyritous 
copper  traversing  granite. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  small  masses,  much  resembling  gran- 
ular oxide  of  iron,  in  alluvial  soil.  (C.) 

Tabular  Quartz,  brown  and  white.  (Hall.)  A  vein  of  gale- 
na, the  only  ore,  one  foot  wide,  in  a  gangue  of  sulphate  of 
barytes,  traversing  granite,  occurs  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the 
town  ;  about  two  m.  N.  of  this  vein  is  one  of  galena,  pyri- 
tous copper,  and  blende  in  a  gangue  of  quartz,  united  with 
sulphate  of  barytes,  several  feet  wide,  traversing  mica  slate 
and  granite.  (Sil.  6.204.) 

Yellow  Quartz,  crystallized  in  small  quantities  at  the  lead 
mine.  (Sil.  6.213.) 

Staurotide,  abundant.  (Sil.  6.219.)  ^ 

Lamellar  Hornblende,  good  specimens  of  a  black  color.  (SiL 
6.226.) 

Peat,  in  small  quantities.  (Sil.  6.230.) 

LEXINGTON. 

Peat,  compact  and  fibrors,  abundant.  (Dana.) 

LEYDEN. 

v2toi,  efflorescing  on 
Clay  Slaie. 

Jasper,  red,  yellow,  and  imperfectly  striped,  in  rolled  masses. 
Tremolite,  very  abundant  in  loose  masses  on  the  surface,  often 

very  large. 
Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  loose  masses  of  quartz  and  tremo- 

lite.     This  locality  furnishes  fine  specimens,  and  sometimes 

as  large  as  the  finger. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  57 

Zoisite,  of  a  dirty  grey  color,  sometimes  forming  the  gangue 

of  the  red  oxide  of  titanium.  (C.) 
Epidote. 

Serpentine,  in  small  rolled  masses.  (Sil.  1.114.) 
Insed  Quartz,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  1.112,  &  6.213.) 
Scapolite?  abundant.     This  mineral  has  generally  been  called 

tremolite,  and  sometimes  zoisite.  (S-il.  6.225.) 
Fibrous  Hornblende,  the  fibres  very  fine.  (Sil.  6.226.) 
Chlorite,  foliated.  (Sil.  6.228.) 
Kaolin,  in  small  quantity.  (Sil.  6.229.) 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  sometimes  covering  quartz,  and  other 

minerals,  but  not  abundant.  (Sil.  6.233.) 

LITTLETON. 

Limestone. 

Scapolite,  both  white  and  purple.  (C.  U.  Shepard,) 

LYNN. 

Chalcedony,  in  delicate,  milk  white  rolled  masses,  on  Nahant 
beach. 

Epidote,  in  veins,  traversing  sienite  and  greenstone,  usually 
compact,  but  sometimes  crystallized  in  cavities,  and  al  JWt- 
hant,  finely  crystallized. 

Fibrous  Prehnitet  at  Nahant. 

O  tide  of  Manganese,  occurs  dendritic,  or  in  mammillary  in- 
crustations, on 

Compact  Feldspar,  and  sienite.  (C.)  Petrosilex  is  one  of 
the  most  frequent  pebbles  on  Nahant  beach.  It  forms  some 
hills  and  mural  precipices,  and  enters  into  the  composition 
of  porphyry.  Dana.) 

MALDEN. 

Compact  Feldspar,  abundant  in  beds,  and  even  forming  hills. 
Sometimes  its  colors  are  red  and  white,  in  parallel  veins  or 
stripes,  straight  or  curved.  A  dark  variety  is  diversified  by 
other  shades  of  red,  in  veins.  It  forms  the  basis  of  feld- 
spar porphyry,  sometimes  equal  in  beauty  to  the  best  an- 
tique porphyry.  (C.)  Hornstone  porphyry.  (J.  W.  W.) 

Novaculite,  in  beds  in 

Clay  Slate,  into  which  it  passes,  or  in  rolled  masses.  (C.) 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 
8 


58  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Specular  Iron,  in  porphyry. 
Bog  Iron  Ore.  (J.  W.  W.} 

MANSFIELD. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  very  abundant. 


MARBLE  HE  AD. 


Sulphuret  of  Jlolybdena,  fine  crystals  were  found  in  arranging 
the  collection  at  Cambridge,  labelled,  Marblehead.  (J.  W. 

W.} 


MARSHFIELD. 


Blue  Quartz,  in  amorphous  masses.  (Sil.  6.247.) 
Jasper,  dark   colored,   and   red,  on  the  beach  ;  many  of  the 
specimens  beautiful.  (Sil.  6.248.) 

MARTHA'S  VINEYARD.  (See  GAY  HEAD,  and  CHILMARK.) 

MEDFORD. 

Muriate  of  Copper,  in  rolled  masses  of  granite.  (C.) 
Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses,  and  fragments,  in  alluvial  soil. 
Pyritous  Copper,  in  rolled  masses  of  quartz. 
Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  massive,  and   disseminated  in 

quartz,  which   traverses  greenstone,   and  in    decomposing, 

greenstone. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead,  disseminated   in  rolled   masses  of  quartz; 

very  rare.  (Dana.) 

MENDON. 

Limpid  Quarts,  and 

Smoky  Quartz,  massive,  transparent,  or  translucent,  much  of 
which  is  beautifully  irised.  The  writer  found  one  opaque 
crystal^!  inches  in  diameter,  and  5|  long;  ends  broken. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  also 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  quartz,  some  of  the  plates  are  J 
of  an  inch  in  thickness,  about  a  m.  from  Blackstone  factory, 
on  Peter  Gaskill's  land,  at  a  shaft  which  was  sunk  upwards 
of  40  years  since,  with  the  delusive  prospect  of  finding  sil- 
ver. Specular  Iron,  in  handsome  plates,  in  quartz,  and 

Chlorite,  distinctly  characterized,  and  beautiful,  are  found  at 
the  Blackstone  factory. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  59 

MIDDLEBOROUGH. 

Bog  Ore,  abundant  at  the  bottom  of  ponds.  ( C.) 
Feldspar,  in  a  singular  talcose  rock.  (Sil.  7.241.) 

MIDDLEFIELD. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  botb  the  lamellar  and  granular  varieties. 

Crystallized  jUagnesian  Carbonate  oj  Lime,  laminated,  white 
and  yellowish,  in  soapstone,  with 

Green  Talc. 

White  Talc,  mixed  with 

^ctynolite,  which  occurs  of  a  fine  green  ;  and  its  masses  often 
contain  small  tufts  of  the  fibrous  variety. 

Chalcedony,  in 

Serpentine,  which  is  connected  with  soapstone  or 

Steatite,  containing  talc  and  rhomb  spar. 

Crystallized  Steatite,  fine  crystals,  yellowish  white,  usually 
grouped  on  masses  of  steatite,  (C.)  2  m.  S.  of  the  meeting- 
house, between  layers  of  the  serpentine.  (Sil.  8.51.) 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate. 

Magnetic  Oiide  of  Iron,  in  octaedral  crystals  in  mica  slate. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  in  serpentine.  (C.) 

Siliceous  Slate. 

Moiybdena,  in  actynolile  and  steatite.  (Sil.  5. 268.) 

Stalactical  Quartz,  crystals  are  small  and  have  a  slight  tinge 
of  red  on  serpentine,  at  some  falls  in  a  brook.  The  speci- 
mens are  singularly  beautiful. 

Opal,  covered  with  small  white  crystals,  slightly  tinged  with 
blue  or  yellow. 

Hornstone.  The  chalcedony  of  this  town  is  of  a  milky  or 
reddish  color,  with  blood  red  spots.  (Sil.  6.247.) 

Augite,  abundant. 

Sahlite,  and 

Coccolite,  in  beds,  in  mica  slate. 

Fibrous  Tremolite,  in  a  large  mass  or  rock  of  rhomb  spar. 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  oj  Iron,  imbedded  in  dark  veins,  in  mag- 
nesian  carbonate  of  lime.  (Sil.  7.255,  &  256.J 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  minute  pyramids  in  cavities  of  serpentine, 
lined  with  quartz 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses  on  the  banks  of  streams. 

Irised  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses,  beautiful. 

Greasy  Quartz,  and 

Tabular  Quartz.  (Sil.  8.37.J 


SO  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Siliceous  Sinter.  Hyalite,  in  serpentine,  sometimes  nearly 
stalactical,  of  a  dirty  brown  color. 

Ferruginous  Opal,  resembles  and  differs  from  ferruginous 
quartz. 

Agate,  not  very  abundant.  (Sil.Q.oV.) 

Cy unite,  and 

Garnet,  with  staurotide,  which  is  very  abundant,  in  mica  slate. 

Topaz,  connected  with  serpentine,  very  small  crystals  or  frag- 
ments ;  they  lie  loosely  in  an  earthy  ground  of  some  dis- 
integrated minerals.  (8il.  8.40.J 

Schorl,  in  veins  of  granite  found  in  mica  slate.   (Sil.  S.42.J 

Epidote,  upon  hornblende  rocks,  sometimes  also  in  grains. 
(Sil.  8.44.) 

Granular  Tremolite;  large  masses  of  aggregated,  flattened 
crystals,  with  rhomb  spar,  often  pass  off  into  this  new  and 
very  distinct  variety  of  granular  tremolite,  which  resembles 
the  white  coccolite  of  Phillipstown,  N.  Y.  (Sil.  8.46.J 

Amianthus,  in  very  strong  and  flexible  fibres,  in  steatite. 

Jlsbestus,  ligniform  and  compact,  traversing  serpentine  in 
veins.  (Sil.  8.47.) 

Metalloidal  Diallage  ?  in  small  quantity,  in  the  serpentine. 

Precious  Serpentine  is  found  here,  and  the  common  serpen- 
tine, in  immense  quantities,  in  a  bed  2  m.  long  ;  2  m.  S.  of 
the  meetinghouse.  It  often  forms  ledges  50  or  80  feet  in 
height,  of  various  colors.  Another  bed  is  E.  of  the  meet- 
inghouse, connected  with  the  great  bed  of  steatite. 

Potstone,  associated  with  the  large  bed  of  steatite,  which  is 
quarried  extensively  2  m.  E.  of  the  meetinghouse.  (Sil. 
8.51.) 

Chlorite,  deep  green,  distinctly  foliated.  (Sil.  8.52.) 

Sulphur,  in  cavities  of  mica  slate  rock,  consisting  chiefly  of 
quartz  (Sil.  8.53.J 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  flat  plates,  in  quartz. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (Sil.  8.58.J 

MILBURY. 

Brown  Talc,  called  Vermiculite,  abundant,  6  m.  S.  E.  from 
Worcester.  (W.  Lincoln.') 

MILTON. 

Fibrous  Limestone,  thin  veins  in 


MASSACHUSETTS.  61 

Wacke,  rare. 

Gypsum,  in  small  quantities. 

Compact  Feldspar,  abundant,  forming  beds,  or  even  hills.  (C.) 

Elegant  striped  varieties  are  found  in  this  town.  (Dana) 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  thin  laminae  in  quartz,  at  the  Blue 

hills. 
Oxide  of  .Manganese,  in   beautiful   dendritic  impressions   on, 

and  investing  compact  feldspar,  coating  sometimes  half  an 

inch  thick.  (C.) 
Wache,   in  beds  (?)  in  petrosilex,  and   forming   the  basis  of 

amygdaloid. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  disseminated  in 
Clay  Slate, 

NovacuUte,  and  greenstone.  (Dana.) 
Prase.  (Hall.) 

MONSON. 

Arseniate  of  Cobalt,  in  primitive  trap,  small  quantity.  (E.) 

MONTAGUE. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand  is  found  in  considerable  quantities  on  the 
banks  of  the  river  near,  the  falls. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  near  the  junction  of  Miller's  river 
with  the  Connecticut.  Its  veins,  sometimes  10  feet  wide, 
traverse  granite.  (C.) 

Micaceous  ^Oxide  of  Iron,  near  the  N  line  of  the  town,  on 
Mr.  Taft's  land,  a  little  S.  VV.  from  the  junction  of  Millers 
with  the  Connecticut,  a  detached  eminence  100  feet  high, 
and  not  less  than  100  rods  in  circumference  at  its  base,  is 
traversed  by  numerous  veins  of  this  ore.  The  principal 
vein  at  the  top  of  the  hill,  not  less  than  10  feet  wide.  The 
gangue  quartz, — walls  and  hill,  granite.  A  small  propor- 
tion of 

Sulphuret  oj  Iron,  in  some  specimens.  (Sil.  1.438,  &  6.207.J 

Chlorite,  at  Miller's  falls,  penetrating  milk  white  quartz.  (Sil. 
6.  228.;' 

MONTGOMERY. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (Sil.  1.115.) 


NAHANT.  (See 


62  MASSACHUSETTS. 

NANTASKET  BEACH. 

Petrosilex,  the  most  frequent  pebble  on  the  beach.  (Dana. 

NANTUCKET. 

Jasper ;  a  few  specimens  have  been  found  in  rolled  masses 
near  the  town. 

Jlmber ;  sometimes  found  on  the  shores  of  this  island  ;  one 
or  two  masses  of  a  pound  or  more  have  been  found,  sup- 
posed to  have  washed  up  by  the  sea. 

Peat,  in  abundance. 

Slaty  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron  ;  abundant. 

Nodular  Iron.  (T.  A.  Greene,) 

NEEDHAM. 

Fibrous  Limestone,  forming  thin  veins  in 

Wacke,  rare.  (C.)    Wacke  is  found  in  rounded  fragments.  (%) 

Chlorite,  massive  in  quartz.  (Dana.) 

NEW  ASHFORD. 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Fetid  Quartz ;  abundant.  It  is  often  the  greasy  variety. 
(Sil.  8.37,  &  38.) 

NEW  BEDFORD. 

.Mica,  in  large  plates,  sometimes  crystallized,  rarely  prismatic. 

Schorl,  in  gneiss  on  Palmer's  island,  and  the  adjacent  shore; 
not  very  good  specimens. 

Garnets,  varying  in  size  from  that  of  a  large  pea  to  the  small- 
est grains,  are  found  plentifully  in  the  granite  on  Pope's  isl- 
and, and  on  Marsh  island. 

Feldspar,  abundant ;  very  large  and  handsome  specimens,  and 
of  a  variety  of  colors,  with  quartz  forming  very  good  speci- 
mens of  graphic  granite. 

Epidote,  in  minute  crystals  on  gneiss,  with 

Oxide  of  Titanium,  on  the  new  road  to  Dartmouth,  half  a 
m.  S.  W.  of  the  village. 

Hornblende,  crystallized  in  gneiss  ;  abundant. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  handsome  brown  cubic  crystals  in  a  rock  of 

Clay  Slate,  about  6  m.  N.  of  the  village,  W.  side  of  Acush- 
net  river. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  63 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  in  the  rocks  of  granite  opposite  Wil- 
liam Rotch,  Jr's.  (T.  A.  Greene.} 

NEW  BRAINTREE. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  a  bed  of,  in  a  valley,  a  few  feet  below  the  sur- 
face in  a  country  of  gneiss,  explored  to  a  considerable  ex- 
tent. (Sil.  6.1209.J 

Miilaria ;  very  abundant. 

Sulphate  of  Iron  ;  abundant.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

NEWBURY. 

Granular  Limestone,  about  2  m.  from  Newburyport,  near 
the  turnpike,  fine  grained,  with  veins  of 

Precious  Serpentine,  which  is  often  extremely  beautiful,  per- 
fectly resembling  that  of  St.  Keveris,  in  Cornwall. 

Garnet,  amorphous,  associated  with  trernolite,  epidote,  &tc. 

Epidote,  in  large  crystals  in  the  fissures  of  a  rockj  whose  base 
is  an  amorphous  garnet. 

Tremolite,  in  fibrous,  radiated  masses,  with  granular  limestone, 
serpentine,  asbestus,  garnet,  &ic. 

•Amianthus,  and  the  common  variety  of 

Asbestus,  in  veins  traversing  the  precious  serpentine.  (C.) 
The  asbestus  of  this  locality  has  been  mistaken  for  Satin 
Spar.  (J.  W.  W.} 

NEW  MARLBOROUGH. 

Dolomite,  containing 
Jlugite.  as  well  as 
Tremolite.  (Sil  8.35.) 
Graphite.  (Sil.  8.54.) 

NEW   SALEM. 

Steatite,  compact,  and  traversed  by  numerous  seams  near  the 

surface,  surrounded  by  gneiss.  (C.) 
Jlctynolite,  in  acicular  crystals,  in 
Chlorite.  (Sil.  6.227.) 

NEWTON. 

Laminated   Calcareous  Spar,   in  amygdaloid,   at  the   Lower 

falls. 
Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses  and  fragments,  in  alluvial  soil. 


64  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Wacke,  in  rounded   fragments,  (?)  and  forming  the   basis  of 

amygdaloid. 

Chlorite,  massive  in  quartz. 
Peat,  compact  and  fibrous,  abundant.  (Dana.) 

NORTHBOROUGH. 

Mica,   black,  and  white,  10   m.  N.  E.   from   Worcester.  (W. 
Lincoln.} 

NORTHFIELD. 

Staurotide,  1  m   E.  from  the  village,  with 

Garnets,  in  mica  slate,  (C.)  on  the  turnpike  to  Boston. 

NORTHAMPTON.          V 

Amethyst,  in  beautiful  crystals  on  Mount  Torn,  near. 
Beryl,  in  the  vicinity. 

Micaceous  Iron  ;  it  has  a  high  lustre,  and    is  contorted.  (C.) 
FLuate  of  Lime,  emerald  green,  near.  (Sil.  4.188.) 

NORWICH. 

Beryl,  about  half  a  m.  W.  from  Pitcher's  bridge,  near  a  mass 

of  white  rocks,  to  be  seen  from  the  bridge.     At  those  rocks 
Prismatic-  and  Tabular  JMica  occurs,  extremely  abundant  and 

very  beautiful.     Those   rocks,  which  are  a  coarse   granite, 

contain  also 
Schorl,  (Indicolite  ?)  in  abundance.   (Sil.  7.255.)   in  9   sided 

prisms.  (Sil.  8.42.) 

OAKHAM. 

Adularia,  very  beautiful,  occurring  in  large  masses  in  a  coarse 

grained  granite.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 
Garnet,  scarce,  15  m.  N.  N.  W.  from  Worcester. 
Bog  Iron  Ore,  abundant.  (W.  Lincoln.) 
Hornblende.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.} 

ORANGE. 

Schorl,  abundant.  (Sil.  1.114.) 

PAXTON. 

Tourmaline.  (Sil.  7.55.J 


MASSACHUSSTTS.  65 

PELHAM. 

Ligniform  Jlsbestus.  (C.) 

Schorl,  abundant.  (SiL  1.114.)     It  is   in   large  masses,  not 

regularly  crystallized,  but  exhibiting  a  crystalline  tendency. 
Blqck  Mica, 
Green  Hornblende, 
•flctynolite,  in  asbestus,  and  likewise  a  granular  variety  of  tbe 

same  mineral,  in  large  masses. 
Plasma  ?*  leek  green,  with   occasionally    small,  whitish  dots. 

It  is  translucent, — 'discovered  in  digging  a  cellar,  a  rounded 
mass,  upwards  of  2  feet  in  diameter.  (Sil.  8.235.) 
Epidote.  (Sti.  hi  14.)  finely  crystallized.  (Sil.  8.235.) 

PEMBROKE. 

Blue  Quartz,  In  amorphous  masses.  (Sil.  6.247.) 

PITTSFIELD. 

Granular  Limestone.     That  which  furnishes  the 

Marble,  is  associated  with  mica  slate,  and  other  primitive 
rocks. 

Flexible  Marble. 

Marl,  on  the  border  of  a  pond^  containing  small  shells, 

Staurotide,  associated  with 

Garnets,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (C.) 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  yellow,  or  red  tinged  with  yellow,  amor- 
phous, and  crystallized,  (Sil.  7.252.)  forming  a  considera- 
ble rock,  composed  almost  entirely  of  small  crystals.  (Sil. 
8.38.) 

Hornsione,  well  characterized. 

Jasper,  grey  or  bluish ;  sometimes  recL 

Black  Tourmaline,  at  Washington,  near  Pittsfield.  (Sil. 
7.252.) 

Hornblende,  black,  well  crystallized  at  Washington,  near  Pitts- 
field.  (Sil.  7.253.) 

Carbonate  of  Soda,  in  a  spring.  (Sil.  8.32.) 

Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime  ;  most  of  the  limestone  in  this 
town  is  of  this  variety,  coarse  and  fine  granular,  white  and 
grey,  foliated  fracture.  (Sil.  8.34.) 

Dolomite.  (Sil.  8.35.) 

*  Recently  ascertained  to  be  the  Hornstein  ecailleux  of  Brochant.  (€.U.  8\} 
9 


66  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Tremolite;  bladed  crystals  are  sparingly  found.  (Si7.8.46.) 
Peat ;  a  bed  of  vegetable  matter,  approaching  this  substance 

under  the  bed  of  marl.  (Sil.  8.54.) 
Oxide  of  Manganese,  radiated,  in   distinct,  4  sided  prisms,  in 

a  loose  mass  of  the  compact  variety.  (Sil.  8.57.) 

PLAINFIELD. 

Limpid  Quartz,  fine  crystals. 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  generally  in  detached  masses,  sometimes 
in  mica  slate. 

Milky  Quartz,  often  in  large  masses. 

Cyanite,  of  a  delicate  blue. 

Garnet,  in  rhombic  dodecaedrons.  (C.) 

Black  Tourmaline,  well  crystallized  in  quartz.  (Sil.  4.55.) 

Porcelain  Clay.    Sil.  5.270.) 

Hornblende,  in  gneiss. 

Irised  Quartz.  (SiL  5.271.) 

Smoky  Quartz,  amorphous.  (SiL  6.213.) 

Staurotide,  in  abundance.  (SiL  6.219.) 

Faciculite.  Fibrous  hornblende  in  mica  slate,  and  talco-mica- 
ceous  slate.  (SiL  6.226.)  3 

Made  ?  abundant  in  mica  slate.  (SiL  6.227.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  disseminated  in  limpid  quartz. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  small  octaedrons  in  mica  slate  and 
gneiss.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

Arenaceous  Quartz,  often  in  large  masses. 

Greasy  Quartz.  (SiL  6.247.) 

Green  Mica. 

Black  Mica,  associated  with  garnets. 

Serpentine,  in  loose  masses. 

Chlorite,  abundant,  and  extremely  beautiful.  (SiL  6.248.) 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  abundant.  (SU.  7.253.)  There  are  two 
localities  of  this  ore,  at  both  of  which  it  occurs  in  great 
abundance  and  of  excellent  quality.  (J.  Porter.) 

Laminated  Quartz,  well  characterized;  it  occurs  both  of  the 
milky  and  smoky  varieties.  '(SiL  8.233.) 

Fetid  Limestone,  in  loose  masses,  dark  colored,  scintillating, 
and  very  fetid. 

Blue  Quartz,  of  a  good  color,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Epidote,  both  crystallized  and  granular. 

Cummingtonite,  of  Prof.  Dewey,  in  large  quantities  ;  it  is  per- 
fectly well  characterized,  many  of  the  specimens  being  ele- 
gant, and  even  superb. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  67 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  small  cubic  crystals,  in  arenaceous 

quartz. 
Carbonate  of  Iron,  beautifully   crystallized   in  rhombs,  which 

are  nearly  white,  have  a  shining  surface,  and  are  frequently 

curved,  or  undulated. 
Siliceous  Oxide  of  Manganese,  in   large  quantities  ;  it  is  of  a 

light,  but  very  lively  rose  red  color,  and  takes  a  fine  polish  ; 

associated  with  the  grey  oxide,  and  around  both,  the  black 

oxide  commonly  forms  an  envelope.   (/.  Porter.) 

PLYMOUTH. 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near. 
.    Earthy  Phosphate  of  Iron,  near.  (C.) 

POWNAL. 

Muminous  Slate,  in 

Clay  Slate,  5  m.  N.  at  the  base  of  a  hill  E.  of  the  Hoosack. 

(Sil.  1.342.) 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  m  the  side  of  a  hill.  (Sil.  8.55.) 

QU1NCY. 

Clay  Slate,  forming  hills  ;  much  quarried. 

Novaculite,  in  beds,  in  argillite,  into  which  it  passes.  (Daw a.) 

READING, 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  rolled  masses  of  granite.  (Dana.) 

REHOBOTH. 

Yellow  Ochre,  abundant,  near  a  spring  on  Asa  Bliss'  farm, 
|  a  m.  E.  of  Palmer's  river.  (Bliss.) 

RICHMOND. 

Gibbsite,  in  a  neglected  mine  of 

Brown  Hematite  of  Iron.  (C.) 

White  Granular  Limestone. 

Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  5.21.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  large  crystals.  (Sil.  8.55.J 

Earthy  Oxide  of  Manganese,  with  gibbsite.  (Sil.  8.57.) 

ROWE. 

Common  Talc.  (Sil  6.228.) 


6S  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Hhomb  Spar,  in 
Steatite. 

Epidote,  granular,  in  hornblende  rocks. 
slctynolite,  in  flattened  4  sided  prisms,  in  talc  and  chlorite. 
Chlorite,  scaly,  in  large  masses. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedral  crystals  in  mica  slate* 
(H.  M.  Wells.) 

ROXBURY. 

Petrosilcoc,  in  rolled  masses  and  fragments  in  alluvial  soil- 
(Dana.) 

ROYALSTON. 

Tourmaline.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 

RUSSEL. 

Serpentine,  a  vein  or  quarry  between  this  and  Westfield ;  also 
a  mountain  of  it  about  20  m.  distant,  handsome.  (SiL 
3.238,  &  8.49.) 

SAUGUS. 

Red  Jasper,  a  large  mass,  very  fine,  S.  easterly  of  the  m.  h.  on 
the  declivity,  near  Saugus  river.  Much  of  it  has  yellovr 
stripes.  (J.  W.  *F.): 

SAVOY. 

Steatite.  (C.) 

Mica,  dark  colored.  The  layers  separate  surprisingly  on  be- 
ing heated.  (5*7.  6.248.) 

Talc,  brownish  or  dark  gray,  in  a  narrow  stratum,  which  ex- 
foliates even  in  the  flame  of  a  candle ;  swelling  into  a  large 
mass,  and  winding  about  in  a  curious  manner.  (Sil.  8.50.) 

Porcelain  Clay,  in  a  bed  three  feet  deep,  and  of  unknown  ex- 
tent, several  feet  below  the  surface,  connected  with  mica 
slate.  (&7.S.53.) 

SEEKONK. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  f  of  a  m.  from  India  bridge,  Providence, 
massive  in  a  vein  of  quartz,  traversing  sienite  or  granite. 
Deep  purple  Chlorophane  ;  rare.  (C.) 

White  Quartz,  massive  and  crystallized  ;  abundant  and  good 
specimens  in  veins  in  greywacke,  1  m.  eastwardly  from  the 


MASSACHUSETTS.  69 

old  meetinghouse,  on  the  left  of  the  road  by  the  central 
factory ;  also  I  m.  farther  E.  on  the  farm  of  Daniel  Car- 
penter, deceased. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized,  rare. 

Blue  Quartz,  colored  by  chlorite,  and 

Chlorite,  on  white  quartz,  same  place. 

Shale,  and 

Anthracite  were  found,  at  Hunt's  factory,  f  of  a  m.  S.  from 
the  old  meetinghouse. 

Peat,  abundant,  on  Dr.  Hutchins'  land. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  on  the  left  of  the  middle  road,  (5  m.)  from 
Providence  to  Warren,  on  Dr.  Hutchins'  farm  ;  also  on  the 
farm  called  the  Peck  place,  S.  adjoining ;  and  on  Mr.  Pe- 
ter Wheaton's  land,  abundant. 

SHARON. 
Lenticular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  a  pond.  (C.) 

SHEFFIELD. 

Granular  Limestone.  Marble  annually  quarried  in  this  town 
to  the  amount  of  $8.000  ;  white  and  clouded. 

Dolomite,  containing  tremolite. 

Staurotide,  in  well  defined  crystals,  with 

Garnets,  in  mica  slate. 

Tremolite,  in  parallel,  diverging,  and  stellated  fibres ;  some  of 
its  fibres  are  2  feet  long. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (C.)  On  both  sides  of  a  rivulet,  de- 
scending from  a  large  mountain  on  the  E.  side  of  the  town, 
(8*7.4.189.) 

Fetid  J\iagnesian  Carbonate  oj  Lime,  a  new  variety.  (Sil. 
8.34.) 

Baikalite  ?  on  the  dolomite.  (Sil.  8.47.) 

Bog  Iron  Ore  is  found  occasionally  in  some  quantity.  (Sil. 
8.56.) 

Clay  Slate,  in  place  in  the  W.  part  of  the  town.  (Sil.  8.259.) 

Mum,  abundant,  found  by  E.  W.  Cleaveland,  Esq.  Pounds 
of  it  can  easily  be  collected  in  as  nearly  a  pure  state  as  that 
of  commerce. 

Black  Schorl.  (Charles  JL.  Lee.) 

SHELBURNK. 

Radiated  Quartz.  (Sil.  1.112.) 


70  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Garnets. 

Sulphur,   pulverulent ;  small   quantities   in  mica  slate.    (Sit. 

1.114.) 

Scapolite  ?  (Sil.  6.225.) 
Fibrous  Hornblende,  in  large  and  broad  fibres  or  lamellae  in 

mica  slate.  (Sti.  6.226.) 
Serpentine,  in  rolled  masses.  (Sil.  6.227.) 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in   octaedrons,  in  mica  slate   and 

gneiss.    (Sil.  6.232.) 
Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  (Sil.  1.115.)   in  veins  of  quartz,  in 

mica  slate.  (Sil.  6.236.) 

SHUTESBURY. 

Sulphur et  of  Molibdena,  in  foliated  masses  and  6  sided  tables, 
sometimes  an  inch  long,  in  a  vein  traversing  a  granitic  rock. 
(C.)  Near  Northampton,  E.  of  Con.  river,  on  William 
Eaton's  land,  an  interesting  locality,  remarkably  beautiful, 
and  abundant.  (Sit.  1.238.) 

Talc,  and 

Chlorite.  (Sil.  1. 1 13.) 

Common  Schorl ;  abundant. 

Jlctynolite,  in  gneiss. 

Epidote,  (Sil.  1.114.)  in  small  crystals  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  6.223.) 

Staurotide;  abundant.  (Sil.  6.219.) 

Lamellar  Hornblende,  green,  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  6.226.,} 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedrons  in  gneiss  and  mica 
slate.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

SOUTH  BROOKFIELD. 

Precious  Garnet,  or   pyrope,  abundant  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  7.30.) 

SOUTH  HADLEY. 

Coal. 

Jet,  in  the  coal  formation. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  near.  (C.) 

SOUTHHAMPTON. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  veins  of  galena,  8  m.  S.  W.  from 

Northampton. 

Rhomb  Spar,  in  veins  of  galena,  traversing  granite. 
Fluate  of  Lime,  in  sulphate  of  barytes  and  granite,  associated 

with  galena,  quartz,  &c. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  71 

Radiated  Quartz,  at  the  lead  mine,  often  constituting  the 
gangue  of  the  ores. 

Quartz  Crystallized,  in  the  cavities  of  that  which  forms  the 
gangue  of  the  ores ;  sometimes  large,  and  often  extremely 
beautiful. 

Adularia,  in  the  same  granite  which  contains  galena;  white, 
with  a  slight  tinge  of  yellow,  green,  or  blue. 

Talc,  with  sulphate  of  barytes. 

Steatite,  at  the  lead  mine,  green,  compact,  and  soft. 

Pyritous  Copper,  either  disseminated  or  exists  in  a  vein,  irt 
the  lead  mine. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  a  vein  traversing  granite,  or  other  prim- 
itive rocks,  6  or  8  feet  in  diameter,  and  extends  at  least  20 
miles,  from  Montgomery  to  Hatfield.  The  bulk  of  this 
vein  is  quartz,  in  which  the  ore  is  disseminated  in  masses. 
The  same  vein  contains  the 

Sulphate  of  Lead, 

Molybdaie  of  Lead, 

Carbonated  Muriate  of  Lead,  in   groups  of  green  crystals  on 

'     galena ;  also 

Phosphate  of  Lead,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  ;  both  massive   and  finely  crystallized.  (C.) 

Serpentine,  723  feet  in  the  lead  mine  drift ;  also  about  10  m. 
S.  near  the  line  between  Westfield  and  Russel,  4  W.  from 
Westfield  Academy,  in  a  granitic  hill.  (Sil.  1J37.) 

tioapstone ;  beautiful  green,  670  feet  in  the  lead  mine  drift. 

Coal,  a  stratum  480  feet  in  the  drift.  (Sil.  1.138.) 

Yellow  Quartz,  in  crystals  resembling  the  Siberian  topaz,  at 
the  lead  mine.  (Sil  6.213.) 

Argentine,  on  very  compact  granite  at  the  lead  mine,  and  is 
also  associated  with 

Fetid  Quartz,  which  is  found  in  small  masses  in  it,  and  upon 
it.  (Sil.  6.333.)  This  is  the  best  locality  of  argentine  in 
the  U.  States.  (Sil.  7.248.) 

Agate,  on  which  are  quartz  crystals. 

SPRINGFIELD.  X 

Pisolite6*  in  large  quantities,  on  Chicopee  river.  (Sil.  2.238.) 
Sulphur et  of  Lead  ? 

STERLING. 

Made  occurs  abundantly  in  a  dark  bluish 


72  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Clay  Slate. 

Spodumene  exists  abundantly  in  a  granitic  rock,  composed 
principally  of  hyaline  quartz  and  mica,  the  spodumene  sup- 
plying the  place  of  feldspar,  ( J.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  3.235.J  on 
Mr.  Putman's  farm.  (Sil.  8.120.)  This  mineral  is  very 
•abundant,  in  a  compound  rock  of  perhaps  30  tons,  consist- 
ing of  Quartz,  mica,  and  spodumene,  and 

Siliceous  Feldspar,  in  small  quantity.  (J.  W.  W.  1.600.) 

Stavrotide,  not  abundant. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  abundant. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  not  abundant. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  rare.  {  W.  Lincoln.) 

STOCKBRIDGE. 

Dolomite. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  associated  with  primitive  rocks,  al- 
most white,  in  large  plates  and  rhombs,  or  in  detached  mass- 
es, sometimes  connected  with  calcareous  spar  not  fetid.  (C.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar*  in  granular  limestone.  (Sil.  8.33.) 

Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime  ;  most  of  the  limestone  of  this 
town  is  of  this  variety ;  coarse  and  fine  granular,  white  and 
grey,  foliated  fracture.  (Sil.  8.34.) 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  hexaedral  crystals.  (Sil.  8.37.) 

STONEHAM. 

JUarlle,  compact,  highly  crystalline  ;  snow  white. 

Hornstone. 

Saus surite  ? 

Tremolite,  and 

Green Mochorite,  (J .  W.  W.  1.05,&  96.)  12  m.  from  Boston. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  rolled  masses  of  granite.  (Dana.) 

STOW. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  in   distinct  crystals,   in   rolled   masses  of 

coarse  granite. 
Beryl,  and  a  little 
Tourmaline  is  contained  in  some  of  the  granite.  (J.  W.  IV. 

J.600.) 

STURBRIDGE. 

Mularia.  (C.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  73 

SUNDERLAND. 

Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (Sil  6.21 6.J 

Hornstone,  in  narrow  veins,  in  greenstone,  well  characterized. 
(Sil.  6.218.) 

Lamellar  Hornblende,  black,  good  specimens.  (Sil.  6.226.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in 

Bituminous  Shale.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

Satin  Spar,  in  bituminous  shale,  with  ichthyolites,  in  abund- 
ance. (Sil.  6.236.) 

TEMPLETON. 

JLdularia. 

Yellow  Earth. 

Bog  Iron  Ore. 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 

TOPSFIELD. 

Basanite.  (C.) 

TYRINGHAM. 

Sulphur,  pulverulent,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  8.54.) 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  in  a  loose  earth  near  the  Shaker  village. 
(Sil.  8.56.) 

UXBRIDGE. 

Peat,  S.  E.  part  of  the  town,  abundant. 

WALTHAM. 

Calcareous  Spar,  the  laminated  variety  in  greenstone  and 
Clay  Slate.  (C.) 

WARE.  ^ 

Native  Alum,  in  mica  slate.  (Sil.  8.235.) 

WARWICK. 

Sulphur,  pulverulent,  in  small  quantities  in  mica  slate.  (Sil. 

1.114.) 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  veins,  which  have  been  wrought  to 

a  small  extent.     (Sil.  1.115.) 
Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  1.436.; 
10 


74  MASSACHUSETTS. 

WATERTOWN. 

Prehnite.  (C.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar,  in 

Clay  Slate,  and  greenstone. 

Common  Hornblende  in  rounded  masses.  (Dana.) 

WESTBOROUGH. 

Amethystine  Quartz,  regularly  crystallized,  rare.  (W.Lincoln.) 

WEST  BROOKFIELD. 

Precious  Garnet,  or  pyropet  abundant  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  7.30,) 

WEST  CAMBRIDGE. 

Prase.     It  appears  to  be  colored  by  epidote.  (C.) 
Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses,  in  alluvial  soil. 
Garnet,  in  rounded  masses  of  granite. 
Common  Hornblende,  in  rounded  masses.  (Dana.} 

WESTFIELD. 

Serpentine,  in  granite ;  it  is  hard,  and  sometimes  associated 

with 

Talc.  (C.)  See  Southampton,  serpentine ;  also  (Sil.  3.238.) 
Sulphur et  of  Iron,  compact  and  amorphous  in 
Bituminous  Shale.  (SiL  6.232.) 
Nephrite,  on  Westfield  river,  rare.  (Sil.  8.43.) 

WESTFORD. 

Indurated  Talc.  (C.) 

WEST  SPRINGFIELD. 

Adularia.  (C.) 

Fibrous  Hornblende,  in  veins,   in  fine   red   sandstone.   (Sil. 

8.33.) 

Amethyst,  in  trap  rocks.  (Sil.  8.38.) 
Prehnite,  in  secondary  greenstone,  in  radiated  masses.  (Sil. 

8.45.) 

Brown  Spar,  associated  with  amethyst.  (Sil.  8.235.) 
Flint,  in  V  ' 

Bituminous  Shale,  of  the  coal  formation  on  the  bank  of  Aga- 

wam  river.  (Sil.  8.245.J 


MASSACHUSETTS.  75 

WEST  STOCKBRIDGE. 

Granular  Limestone  ;  that  which  furnishes  the  marble  wrought 
in  this  county  is  associated  with  mica  slate,  and  other  prim- 
itive rocks.  The  marble  is  white,  but  more  frequently 
clouded.  Amount  of  marble  annually  obtained  from  this 
town,  may  be  estimated  at  from  $25,000  to  $30,000. 

Flexible  .Marble. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  veins,  traversing 

Clay  Slate,  and  containing 

Chlorite.  (C.) 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar,  in  granular  limestone. 

Agaric  Mineral,  in  a  cavern,  in  small  quantity.  (SiL  8«33.J 

Compact  Oxide  of  Manganese.  (Si7.8.57.) 

WHATELY. 

Radiated  Quartz,  forming  a  part  of  the  gangue  of  galena.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Lead,  (SiL  1.115.)  a  vein  in  the  N.  W.  part  of 
the  town,  in   a  gangue  of  radiated,   and  common  quartz, 
in  granite.  (SiL  6.204.) 

Native  Copper,  in  geest,  on  the  limit,  between  the  primitive 
and  alluvial -soil,  and  about  5  m.  from  secondary  green- 
stone, or  the  coal  formation.  (SiL  6.230.) 

WILLIAMSBURG. 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  generally  in  detached  masses,  sometimes 
in  mica  slate. 

Chlorite  Slate,  near,  in  the  Taconick  range,  with 

Argillaceous  Slate,  and  talcose  slate.  (C.) 

Mica,  straw  yellow,  sometimes  rose  red ;  it  exists  in  excess 
in  granitic  veins.  (SiL  6.220.J 

Prismatic  Mica  ;  good  specimens  may  be  obtained  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  town,  in  granite.  (SiL  7.30.) 

Argentine,  in  large  masses,  fine  and  abundant.  (SiL  7.249,  & 
8.34.; 

Plumose  Mica,  (SiL  8.41.)  abundant  in  granite. 

Quartz,  a  singular  variety.  "  It  has  the  form  of  hog  tooth  spar, 
incrusted  with  very  minute  crystals  of  quartz  ;  but  on  break- 
ing it,  is  found  to  be  hollow,  with  larger  crystals  at  its  base  ; 
or,  in  some  few  instances,  it  is  entirely  filled  up  with  semi" 
crystallized  quartz." 

Epidote,  in  quartz,  remarkably  beautiful.  (J.  Porter.) 


76  MASSACHUSETTS. 

WILLIAMSTOWN. 

Crystallized  Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  on 

Compact   Limestone ;  (C.)    primitive?    at    Westbrook.    (Sil. 

1.343.) 
Dolomite. 

Granular  Quartz,  at  Stone  hill ;  it  forms  perpendicular  banks 
50  to  100  feet  high,  and  is  covered  by  argillite.     It  is  white 
and  translucent,  or  colored  by  iron.  (Sil.  1.342.) 
Slaty  Chlorite,  near,  in  the  Taconick  range,  with 
Clay  Slate,  and  talcose  slate. 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedrons,  in  mica  slate,  (C.)  at 

the  base  of  Stone  hill. 
Limpid  Quaitz,  crystallized. 
Rose  Quartz  ;  one  specimen. 
Greasy  Quartz.  (Sil.  1.341.) 
Carbonate  of  Soda. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  rhomboidal,  and  in  lenticular  crystals, 
on  granular  limestone,  at  the  N.  and  W.  base  of  Saddle 
mountain. 

Talc,  in  veins  in  compact  limestone,  near  the  College. 
Chlorite,  in  rounded  masses ;   generally  with  quartz,  scattered 

through  the  valley,  (toil.  1.342  ) 

Calcareous  Spar,  Crystallized,  on  scattered  fragments  of  lime- 
stone, on  Green  river,  with  pieces  of  white 
Feldspar. 
Jasper,  brown,  or  red,  black,  and  striped,  in  small,  rounded 

masses. 
Black   Tourmaline,  handsome,  in  scattered  pieces  of  mica 

slate,  at  the  base  of  Stone  hill. 
Amianthus :  one  specimen  attached  to  argillite. 
Soap  Stone,  coarse,  in  the  limestone,  near  the  College. 
Yellow  Earth,  from  which  yellow  ochre  is  obtained,  in  great 
quantity  in  a  hill,  on  the  bank  of  Green  river.  2  m.  S.o  f 
the  College. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  veins  of  quartz  in  grey  limestone,  on 

West  brook. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  on  the  Hoosack,  a  mile  S.  E.  of  the  College. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead  ;  a  specimen  in  limestone,  at  West  brook. 

(Sil.  1.343.) 

Potter's  Clay,  excellent  for  common  pottery. 
Reddle,  connected  with  yellow  earth,  at  the  north  end  of  Sad- 
dle mountain,  but  low  down. 


MASSACHUSETTS.  77 

Supersulphuret  of  Iron,  massive,  and  crystallized,  in  argilla- 
ceous slate,  mica  slate,  compact  limestone,  and  quartz. 
(Sil.  1.344.) 

Prase.     See  Florida. 

Calcareous  Tufa. 

Siliceous  Limestone. 

Marl. 

Fetid  Quartz,  very  fetid.  (Sil  5.268.) 

ActynoUte.  (Sil.  5.269.) 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  dark  colored,  fine  grained,  very  fe- 
tid. (Sil.  8.35.) 

Basanite,  in  rolled  pieces.  (Sil  8.41.) 

Indurated  Talc,  .in  the  limestone,  near  Williams  College, 
brown,  or  grey.  (»Si7.  8.51.) 

Chlorite,  compact,  associated  with  quartz  ;  very  abundant. 

Graphic  Slate,  in  small  quantity,  with  argillite.  (Sil  8.52.) 

WINCHENDON. 

Limpid  Quartz.  (C.  C.  Baldwin.) 

WINDSOR. 

Jlsbestus,  adhering  to  a  large  mass  of 

dctynolite,  near  the  Cummington  soapstone  quarry.  (Sil 
6.248.)  It  is  found  in  the  N.  part  of  the  town,  in  large, 
and  elegant  crystals,  with  shining  surfaces,  which  occur  in 
fascicular  or  radiated  groups,  or  are  confusedly  intermixed. 
( J.  Porter.) 

Serpentine,  in  the  N.  W.  part  of  the  town.  (Sil.  8.50.) 

Steatite,  very  fine,  from  which  inkstands  are  wrought. 

Potstone.  (Sil  8.51.) 

Epidote,  in  prismatic  crystals  in  quartz  ;  also  granular  in  horn- 
blende rocks. 

Talc.  (H.  M.  Wells.) 

Blue  Quartz,  of  a  good  color,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedral  crystals,  in 

Chlorite,  with  actynolite.  (/.  Porter.) 

WOBURN.     ^ 
Pyritous  Copper,  with 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  a  vein,  traversing  greenstone. 
Muriate  of  Copper,  in   plates,  and  small  tuberous  masses  in- 
vesting pyritous  copper.  (C.) 


78  MASSACHUSETTS. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in 
Sulphuret  of  Copper. 
Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  alluvial  soil.  (Dana.) 

WORCESTER. 

Graphite*?  and 

Anthracite,  approaching  graphite,  (C.)  E.  of  the  village.  Ma- 
ny tons  of  this  have  been  ground,  and  sold  for  black  lead. 

Idocrase,  accompanied  by  small,  pale  green  crystals  of 

Pyroxene,  and  beautiful,  small 

Garnets,  of  a  wine  yellow  color,  in  rhomboidal  dodecaedrons. 
(Sil  7.50.) 

Brown  Talc,  or  vermiculite,  mentioned  in  (Sil.  7.55.)  See 
Milbury.  It  has  not  been  found  in  this  town. 

Hornstone,  scarce.     Idocrase  is  not  abundant. 

Jltbvstus,  and 

Amianthus,  scarce,  in  the  anthracite,  which  is  abundant. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  abundant. 

Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead ,  scarce.  (W.  Lincoln.) 

WOKTHINGTON. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  imbedded   in  a  white  quartz,  which 

is  said  to  occur  in  hornblende  slate.  (C.) 
Graphite.  (Sil.  6.248.) 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  often  crystallized.  (-Si7.  7.252.) 
Beryl,  very  large,  fine  crystals,  sometimes  whitish,  in  granite. 

(Sil.  8.43.) 

Epidote,  upon  hornblende  rocks. 
Idocrase.  (Sil.  8.44  ) 
Serpentine.  (Sil.  8.49.) 
Steatite,  fine,  or  potstone.  (Sil.  8.51.) 
Hyalite,  or  stalactical  quartz. 
Blue  Jasper,  on  the  margin  of  a  brook.  (J.  Porter.) 

ZOAR.    ^X 

Asbestus,  the  ligniform  variety  is  abundant  in 
Serpentine,  on  the  bank  of  Deerfield  river. 
Talc,  in  veins  in  serpentine. 
Chlorite,  abundant,  containing 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  octaedral  crystals.  (H.  M.  Wdls. 


79 


RHODE  ISLAND. 


BLOCK  ISLAND.       See  NEW  SHOREHAM. 
BRISTOL. 

Amethyst,  crystallized,  in  decomposing  granite,  about  2  m.  S. 
S.  E.  from  Bristol  village,  and  £  of  a  m.  from  Bristol  ferry 
landing,  on  the  shore  of  Mount  Hope  bay  ;  abundant. 

Sulphuret  oj  Iron,  cubic  crystals  in  argillite.  (Sil.  8. 199.)  Two 
boys  have  obtained,  in  all,  they  suppose,  about  3  pecks  of 
amethysts,  by  excavating  this  ledge,  where  the  granite  "had 
much  decomposed  ;  some  of  their  drifts  are  several  feet  in. 
length,  above  the  middle  of  the  ledge ;  but  they  obtained 
most  of  them  in  one  place.  A  few  specimens  were  found 
on  the  shore  at  low  water,  which  led  to  the  discovery  of  this 
important  locality.  The  feldspar,  in  a  decomposing  state, 
is  found  adhering,  more  or  less,  to  all  the  crystals. 

Common  Quartz,  amorphous  and  crystallized,  at  Mount  Hope. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  rolled  fragments,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Po- 
pasquash  island,  VV.  of  Bristol ;  good  specimens. 

dgate,  coarse,  consisting  of  red  jasper,  and  quartz,  and 

Shale,  in  rolled  masses,  with  vegetable  impressions;  abund- 
ant on  the  S.  E.  shore  of  the  same  island. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand ;  same  shore.  (Prof.  De  Wolf.) 

Clay  Slate,  and  shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  on  the  W. 
shore  of  same  island.  (Stephens.) 

BURRELLVILLE. 

Quartz  geodes,  with  small  crystals,  limpid  and  opaque,  some- 
times laminated,  with  drusy,  opaque  crystals,  and 

Chalcedony,  mammillary,  pale  blue,  on  quartz,  rare,  10  m.  N. 
VV.  from  Woonsoket,  on  Mr.  Salisbury's  land. 

COVENTRY. 

Schorl 

Limpid  Quartz,  connected  with 
Tabular  Quartz,  in  gneiss. 
Black  Mica,  in  gneiss. 


80  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Green  Tremolite,  imbedded  in  an  aggregate  of 
Talc,  of  a  dark  green  color,  and  granular  quartz,  in  the  N.  W. 
part  of  the  town,  f  of  a  m.  S.  W.  of  Blanchard's  mill. 

CRANSTON. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  (mentioned  by  Cleaveland, 
as  existing  at  Scituate,)  at  the  "  Ore  beds."  (Eddy.) 

CUMBERLAND. 

Quartz,  12  m.  from  Providence,  "  Diamond  hill"  is  compos- 
ed, in  a  great  measure,  of  quartz,  often  crystallized ;  (C.) 
some  large  crystals  have  been  found  in  alluvial  soil,  and  one 
amorphous,  limpid  piece,  3  or  4  inches  in  diameter,  was 
found  near  Diamond  hill. 

Jasper,  at  Diamond  hill,  with  primitive  rocks  ;  (C.)  principal- 
ly red,  sometimes  green,  connected  with  quartz. 

Epidote,  on  Tower  hill,  both  massive  and  crystallized,  in 
quartz.  (C.)  Fine  specimens  have  been  obtained  in  de- 
tached masses  in  stone  walls  about  u  Cumberland  hill ;"  al- 
so about  |  a  m.  N.  N.  W.  from  Cumberland  m.  h.  on  the 
left  of  the  road,  at  an  old  iron  mine  hole;  and  on  Ziba 
Ballou's  land,  by  blasting  ;  also  about  a  m.  N.  E.  from  the 
m.  h.  on  George  Mason's  farm,  at  an  old  mine  hole,  in 
beautiful,  hexagonal  prisms,  on  chlorite  slate,  and  connect- 
ed with  crystallized  hornbleade,  superb  specimens  ;  also  at 
a  mine  hole,  southerly,  in  the  same  field,  in  acicular,  pale 
yellow  crystals,  and  arenaceous,  associated  with  crystallized 
hornblende,  which  is  sometimes  radiated,  forming  elegant 
specimens;  also  1£  m.  E.  from  the  m.  h.  E.  of  the  yenite 
locality,  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  N.  of  the  road ;  color  brown, 
in  quartz.  Good  specimens  are  now  scarce. 

Tremolite,  on  Tower  hill ;  it  is  green,  of  different  shades,  and 
associated  with  actynolite.  (C.)  The  writer  has  never  seen 
any  green  tremolite  from  Cumberland. 

Red  Hematite,  on  Diamond  hill ;  it  is  botryoidal,  mammilla- 
ry,  &c.  (C.) 

Crystallized  Hornblende,  and 

Native  Magnet,  in  considerable  quantity,  about  a  m.  from 
Tower  hill.  (Sil.  4.285.)  It  is  found  in  small  fragments,  at 
Cumberland  hill,  about  \  a  m.  N.  N.  W.  from  the  m.  h.  on 
the  left  of  the  Wrentham  road,  on  a  hill,  at  an  ancient  iron 


RHODE  ISLAND.  81 

mine  hole.  The  hornblende  at  this  locality  was  immedi- 
ately exhausted  ;  many  superb  specimens  have  lately  been 
obtained  at  the  two  mine  holes,  above  described,  with  epi- 
dote  ;  these  specimens  were  covered  by  the  earth,  thrown 
out  many  years  since 

Fluate  of  Lime,  about  1  m.  from  Diamond  hill,  on  the  road 
towards  Wrentham,  in  veins  of  quartz,  traversing  a  granitic 
or  sienitic  rock.  It  is  found  at  a  number  of  different  pla- 
ces ;  colors,  purple,  blue  of  various  shades,  blue  with  a 
tinge  of  green,  and  white.  {Sil  754.)  All  the  fluor  spar 
found  in  this  town,  including  the  white,  does  not  decrepi- 
tate, but  shines  with  an  emerald-  green  light,  when  heated, 
and  is  of  the  variety  called 

Chlorophane.  It  is  usually  found  in  small  amorphous  mass- 
es, but  sometimes  crystallized. 

Yenite,  crystallized  and  amorphous.  (A.  L.  JV.  H.  JV.  Y. 
1.51.)  &  (Sil  7.251.)  This  is  found  about  1  m.  E.  of  the 
m.  h.  by  the  side  of  the  road,  by  Fenner  Brown's,  on  the 
left,  among  fragments  of  rock,  and  on  the  right,  where  the 
ledge  has  been  excavated  at  some  former  period,  in  greasy- 
quartz,  and  associated  with  actynolite,  brown  spar,  calcare- 
ous spar,  &c.  Some  of  it  is  whitish,  and  some  of  it  red- 
dish, and  interspersed  in  an  amorphous  state  in  a  reddish 
mineral,  approaching  the  siliceous  oxide  of  manganese. 
(Troost.) 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  i  of  a  m.  W.  of  the  yenite  locality,  on  the 
S.  of  the  road  ;  abundant. 

'Brown  Spar,  associated  with  yenite. 

Marl,  a  bed  covering  the  bottom  of  a  pond,  on  Mr.  Jesse 
Brown's  farm. 

Smoky  Quartz  in  small  veins,  in  different  parts  of  the  town. 

Greasy  Quartz,  at  the  yenite  locality,  fine  specimens  ;  some 
of  it  is  traversed  by  acicular  actynolite,  forming  beautiful 
specimens. 

Radiated'  Quartz,  on  Diamond  hill,  which  is  about  31  m.  N. 
E.  of  the  m.  h. ;  and  also  on  the  banks  of  the  Blackstone 
river. 

Granular  Quartz,  W.  of  the  m.  h.  near  the  Blackstone. 

•Amethyst ;  one  water  worn   crystal  has  been  found   in  Black- 
stone  river,  at  the  ford  called  Martin's  wading  place,  below 
Whipple's  factory,  believed  to  have  been  washed  several 
miles  from  its  gangue. 
II 


*2  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Prase,  at  the  yeuite  locality,  associated  with  acicular,  and  as- 
bestiform  actynolite ;  abundant. 

Ferruginous  Quariz,  red,  amorphous,  in  detached  masses,  in 
the  vicinity  of  "  Cumberland  hill,"*  which  is  about  12  m. 
Northerly  of  Providence,  and  crystallized,  on  Diamond 
hill  ;  yellow,  amorphous,  and  crystallized,  about  1  m.  S. 
of  the  m.  h.  and  in  several  other  places. 

Chalcedony  ;  about  1  m.  E.  of  the  m.  IK  it  is  found  well  char- 
acterized ;  in  some   specimens  it  appears  to  be  pasting  inta 
t/» ^Common  Opal^  and 

Hornstone,  well  characterized. 

Jlgate;  on  Diamond  hill,  some  fine  specimens  have  been  found. 

Schorl,  imperfect  crystals  have  been  found  in  rolled  masses 
of  granite. 

Feldspar,  crystallized  ;  some  fine  specimens  have  been  ob- 
tained from  stone  walls  ;  rare. 

Garnet.  The  common  garnet  is  found  near  an  ancient  "  mine 
hole,"  on  the  western  declivity  of  a  high  hill,  E.  of  Sneerch's 
pond,  about  \  a  m.  N.  N.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  It  is  of  a  sub- 
lamular  texture,  exhibiting,  in  some  of  the  cavities,  a  ten- 
dency to  the  dodecaedron  crystallization,  frequently  associ- 
ated with  actynolite,  and  connected  with  chlorite.  Mas- 
sive garnet,  of  a  brownish  red,  some  of  which  is  crystalliz- 
ed, may  be  found  E.  of  the  above,  in  the  vicinity  of  another 
mine  hole  ;  abundant;,  and  about  \  a  m.  E.  from  the  last 
mentioned,  in  the  vicinity  of  another  mine  hole,  in  rhombic 
dodecaedrons,  color  yellowish  green,  on  chlorite,  some 
specimens  are  black,  on  magnetic  iron  ore;  many  beautiful 
specimens  have  lately  been  obtained  from  this  locality. 

Zoisite,  l  a.  m.  W.  of  Diamond  hill,  beautifully  crystallized, 
in  veins  of  quartz.  The  crystals  resemble  Sillimanite,  but 
are  more  brilliant;  not  abundant. 

Skorza  ;  handsome  specimens  of  arenaceous  epidote,  some- 
times connected  with  hornblende,  beautifully  crystallized, 
were  found  in  abundance,  about  1  m.  easterly  from  the 
m.  h.  on  Geo.  Mason's  land,  under  the  earth,  &c.  which  was 
thrown  from  an  ancient  mine  hole. 

Idocrase  ?  at  the  mine  hole,  on  Geo.  Mason's  land,   and  near 

Sneerch's  pond. 

Tremolite,  near  the  mine  hole,  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  east  of 
Sneereh's  pond,  and  in  a  field  S.  of  the  road  leading  to,  and 

*  "  Cumberland  Hill"  includes  the  Meetinghouse,  Bank,  Post  Office,  and 
vicinity. 


RHODE  ISLAND.  85 

W.  of,  the  yenite  locality,  in   carbonate  of  lime  ;  abundant. 

Amianthus,  associated  with  epidote  in  quartz,  and  in  the  an- 
thracite of  this  town,  sometimes  found  adhering  to  the  sur- 
face of  rocks  ;  much  was  formerly  obtained  at  the  mine 
hole  near  Sneerch's  pond.  A  considerable  quantity  was 
lately  found  in  tufts  in  the  earth  and  rubbish  which  was 
thrown  from  an  ancient  mine  hole  on  Geo.  Mason's  land. 

Hornblende.  Superb  specimens  of  crystallized  hornblen.de 
have  lately  been  obtained  at  two  mine  holes  on  Geo.  Ma- 
son's land,  about  1  m.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  in  abundance:  some- 
times in  masses  of  large  aggregated  crystals,  sometimes  in 
distinct  crystals,  projecting  t  or  2  inches  from  fragments  of 
rock,  and  sometimes  in  parallel,  diverging,  or  radiated 
masses,  associated  with  pure  epidote,  crystallized,  massive, 
or  arenaceous. 

Jlctynolite  ;  the  variety,  acicular  actynolite,  or  asbestous  acty- 
nolite  of  Jameson,  is  very  abundant  in  this  town  ;  it  is  found 
at  the  yenite  locality,  associated  with  greasy  quartz,  and  in 
distinct  masses,  in  parallel  fibres,  and  sometimes  in  diverg- 
ing and  radiating  groups,  presenting  knotty  -curls.  Also  at 
the  mine  hole  near  Sneerch's  pond,  associated  with  epidote, 
garnets,  &c.  and  at  a  mine  hole  on  Geo.  Mason's  land,  in 
separate  masses,  and  associated  with  epidote,  and  in  other, 
places  connected  with  chlorite,  &c. 

Steatite,  in  the  western  declivity  of  the  hill  E.  of  Sneerch's 
pond,  quality  inferior. 

Chlorite  is  found  in  quartz^  and  sometimes  coloring  it. 

Chlorite  Slate  abounds  in  this  town,  particularly  between  the 
m.  h.  and  Diamond  hill. 

Clay  Slate  occurs  in  many  places ;  it  may  be  seen  at  the 
Blackstone,  W.  of  the  m.  h.  underlaying  a  quartz  rock. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  at  the  anthracite  mine. 

Anthracite,  about  3  m.  N.  of  Pawtucket,  W.  of  Abbott's  run. 

Graphite,  with  the  anthracite,  of  an  impure  quality  ;  it  is  rath- 
er anthracite  approaching  to  graphite. 

Peat,  on  the  borders  of  Sneerch's  pond ;  also  in  a  meadow  \ 
a  m.  N.  of  the  m.  h.  of  good  quality,  and  abundant;  also  4 
m.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  on  Nathan  Comstock's  land  ;  also  on 
Jesse  Brown's  land,  compact. 

Pyrilous  Copper, 

Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper,  and 

Green  Fibrous  Carbonate  of  Copper ^  are  found  in  small  quan- 
tities at  five  different  mine  holes,  where  shafts  were  sunk 


34  RHODE  ISLAND. 

many  years  since.  On  the  right  of  the  Wrentham  road, 
before  arriving  at  the  first  house, — on  the  left  of  the  same 
road,  i  a  m.  from  the  m  h.  on  an  eminence,  associated 
with  magnetic  oxide  of  iron, — at  another  excavation.  1  of  a 
m.  beyond, — at  the  mine  hole,  near  Sneerch's  pond,  asso- 
ciated with  magnetic  iron,  and  molybdena,  —at  a  mine  hole 
on  Geo.  Mason's  land,  and  at  another  on  Mr.  Levi  Tower's 
land.  The  specimens  are  small  and  poor,  being  the  remains 
of  fragments  blasted  from  40  to  100  years  since. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron ,  at  the  mine  hole  near  Sneerch's  pond,  and 
about  2  m  easterly  of  the  m.  h.  on  Mr.  Stephen  Joslin's 
farm,  in  cubic  crystals,  in  chlorite  slate,  abundant ;  also  in 
the  shale  at  the  anthracite  mine. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  2  m.  N.  N.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  on 
the  left  of  the  Wrentham  road,  in  an  immense  bed,  consti- 
tuting a  hill.  Most  of  this  ore  is  a  metalliferous  porphy- 
ry, having  crystals  of  feldspar  imbedded  in  the  iron  ;  it 
is  found  in  rolled  masses  S.  of  the  bed,  in  this  town,  North 
Providence,  and  Providence,  and  may  be  seen  in  most  of 
the  stone  walls.  Magnetic  oxide  of  iron  was  obtained  from 
most  of  the  mine  holes  in  this  town,  of  which  the  writer 
has  visited  thirteen.  Small  octaedral  crystals  are  found  at 
the  mine  hole,  near  Sneerch's  pond,  in  chlorite,  and  asso- 
ciated with  common  garnet,  actynolite,  &c. 

Specular.  Oxide  oj  Iron,  and 

Micaceous  Iron,  are  sometimes  found  in  detached  masses  of 
quartz,  with  epidote. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron  ;  a  stratum  in  gravel,  2£  m.  N. 
of  Pawtucket,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Blackstone. 

Bog  Iron  Ore. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  veins  of  quartz,  1  a  m.  N.  W.  of  Dia- 
mond hill,  rare. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  at  the  yenite  locality,  coating  the  surface 
of  the  rock  in  a  perpendicular  situation. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  21  m.  N.  of  Pawtucket,  on  the  left 
bank  of  Blackstone,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  a  stratum  6  to  18 
inches  thick  in  gravel,  resting  upon  the  ochrey  brown  oxide 
of  iron. 

Siliceous  Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  a  gangue  of  greasy  quartz, 
yenite,  actynolite,  Sic.  at  the  yenite  locality. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  associated  with  magnetic  oxide  of 
iron,  and  sulphuret  of  iron,  at  the  "  mine  hole,"  near 
$neerch's  p;'»nd. 


RHODE  ISLAND.  85 

EAST  GREENWICH. 

Milky  Quartz,  and 

ferruginous  Quartz,  red,  on  Potowomut  neck,  in  detached 

fragments;  fine  specimens. 
Jlsbestus,  in  veins,  in  rounded  masses  of 
Graphic  '-late,  on  the  shore  of  the  Cove,  and  on  Potowomut 

neck.  (W.  Greene.) 

FOSTER. 

Cyanite,  in  a  water  course  on  Mr.  Blanchand's  land  21 J  m. 
S.  VV.  from  Providence  ;  (Sil  5.403.)  rare. 

Yellow  Quartz,  citrine,  on  Moosoop  river,  below  Mr.  Blan- 
chard's  mill,  2J  m.  N.  of  the  "  Great  Chesnut,"  W.  of  the 
road  leading  from  the  Great  Chesnut  to  Sterling,  in  rolled 
masses,  of  a  gold  yellow,  semi-translucent,  abundant. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  quartz,  with  cyanite,  &c. 

Garnet,  in  an  aggregate  of  quartz,  cyanite,  &c.  rare. 

Talc,  of  a  dark  green,  in  masses,  and  also  intermixed  with 
light  colored,  granular  quartz,  and  imbedding  small  masses  of 
dark  green  tremolite,  approaching  black,  forming  an  aggre- 
gate which  constitutes  the  bed  of  Moosoop  river,  at  the  cya- 
nite locality,  and  for  some  distance  below,  and  on  the  right 
bank.  This  talcose  rock  appears  in  a  ledge,  near  the  riv- 
er W.  in  detached  fragments,  f  of  a  m.  on  the  surface,  N. 
W.  and  |  of  a  m.  S.  W.  of  Blanchard's  mill.  Some  of  it 
is  compact,  its  component  parts  being  intimately  intermixed, 
and  taking  cyanite  into  its  composition,  with  small  garnets. 
The  talc  of  this  rock  resembles  mica  more  than  any  the 
writer  has  ever  seen ;  it  is  in  small,  curved  lamellae,  placed 
in  a  longitudinal  direction,  forming  tufts,  or  so  intimately 
mixed  with  the  quartz  as  to  resemble  a  compact  gneiss,  or 
fine  grained  granite. 

Green  Tremolite,  of  a  dark  green,  associated  with  green  talc, 
and  in  an  aggregate  of  talc  and  quartz. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  efflorescing  in  a  decomposed  rock,  on  John 
Foster's  land,  between  the  abovementioned  road,  leading  to 
Sterling,  and  Blanchard's  mill. 

Iron  Ore,  in  rolled  masses,  and  large  boulders  of  greenstone, 
forming  a  crust,  and  penetrating  the  rock  through  ;  found  on- 
ly on  the  E.  side  of  Moosoop  river,  on  the  right  of  the  road 
leading  from  the  Great  Chesnut  to  Sterling,  2  m.  from  the 


86  HHODE  ISLAND. 

Chesnut,  scattere'd  over  the  surface,  but  most  abundant  in  a 
hill,  about  80  rods  from  the  road,  on  Samuel  Green's  land. 
This  ore  was  worked  50  years  ago  at  the  Hope  furnace, 
and  is  said  to  have  made  hollow  ware  of  a  superior  quality  ; 
abundant. 

JAMESTOWN. 

Quarts,  common  white,  in  large  beds,  and  in  large  veins  in 
grey  wacke  on  the  shores  of  Connanicut  island.  One  mass 
gives  the  name  of  "  White  Rock  Point,"  on  the  W.  shore. 

Staurotide,  with  small  reddish,  and  greenish 

Garnets,  in  micaceous  slate,  S.  W.  corner  of  Arnold  Hazard's 
farm,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Connanicut  island,  4J  m.  from 
the  N.  end,  and  5|  m.  from  S.  end  of  the  island ;  abun- 
dant. 

Hornblende,  with  garnets,  in  rolled  masses  on  the  island ;  rare. 

Clay  Slate,  on  R.  H.  Watson's  farm,  and  other  places  ;  also 

Shining  Argillite,  yellowish  grey,  forming  the  eastern  shore 
of  the  island  N.  of  the  light  house,  and  near  the  ferry  land- 
ing, &c. 

Graphite,  in  quartz,  at  the  staurotide  locality. 

JOHNSON. 

Granular  Limestone, 
Dolomite, 

JWagnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  Crystallized,  in  steatite. 
Tremolite,  in  carbonate  of  lime,  and  in  steatite. 
Actynolite,  in  steatite, 
Indurated  Talc,  and 

Steatite,  about  4  m.  from  Providence,  and  |  a  m.  W.  of  the 
road. 

LITTLE  COMPTON. 

Clay  Slate.  (J.  Stephens.) 

MIDDLETOWN. 

Common  Jlugite,  imbedded  in  talcose  slate,  forming  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Sechuest  point,  S.  E.  part  of  Middletown. 
Clay  Slate,  N.  and  N.  E.  part  of  the  town,  and  elsewhere. 

NEWPORT. 

Graphic  Slatet  in  transition  argillite,  which  accompanies  the 
anthracite. 


RHODE  ISLAND.  •        87 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  crystallized  in  serpentine.  (C.) 
Serpentine,  an   extensive   bed  on  Brenton's   neck,  at  a  place 

called  Willow  grove,  on  Thomas  Hazard's  farm,  1  m.  in  a 

direct  line   S.   W.  from   the   Episcopal   church,  S.  of  the 

rocks  of 
Carbonate  of  Lime,  which  lie   in  the  S.  of  Newport  harbour. 

The  bed  of  serpentine   extends,  perhaps,  J  of  a  m.  W.  to 

the  shore. 

Petrosilex,  passing  into 
Hornstone  ?  extending  from  the  bed  of  serpentine,  S.  W.  to 

the  S.  shore  of  the  island. 
Basanite,  imbedded  in  the  petrosilex,  in  different  places,  and 

more  abundant,  2J  m.  in  a  direct  line  S.  W.  by  S.  from  the 

Episcopal  church,  on  the  W.  side  of  Price's  creek,  60  rods 

from  its  mouth. 

jlsbestus,  in  the  serpentine,  and  with  the  anthracite. 
Clay  Slate. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  and 
Anthracite,  li  m.  S.  E.  in   a  direct  line   from   the  Episcopal 

church,   extending  along   the   shore,  S.   E.  100  rods,  and 

ending;  at  Taylor's  point  in  a  bed  of 
Yellow  Ochre,  of  fine  quality. 
Sulphur et  of  Iron,  in  the  anthracite.  (J.  Stephens.) 

NEW   SHOREHAM. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand  ;  abundant.  (C.) 

Peat,  compact  and  fibrous  ;  abundant.  {Eddy.) 

NORTH  PROVIDENCE. 

Green  Talc.  (C.) 

Limpid  Quartz  ;  beautiful  crystals,  on  Stephen  Brown's  farm,. 

near  the  Douglass  turnpike,  about  3  m.  N.  of  Providence. 
Peat,  3.  m,  N.  W.  from  Providence  ;  abundant.  (Eddy.) 
Granular  Limestone,  a  bed  of  good  quality  in 
Clay  Slate,  on  Mr.  Smith's  farm,  4  m.  N.  W.  of  Providence. 
Calcareous  Spar,  crystallized  in  the   limestone.     Also  reddish 

white,  and  bluish  white,  associated   with   chlorite,  in  veins 

of  quartz,  traversing  grey  wacke  ;  Pawtucket. 
Steatite,  3  m.  N.  VV.  of  Providence,   on   Hezekiah  Olney's 

land. 
Chlorite,  in  veins  of  quartz,  traversing  grey  wacke,  and  grey 

wacke  slate,  at  Pawtucket. 


86  RHODE  ISLAND. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  overlaying 
Jinthracite,  found  in  the  race  way,  cut  for  the  factory  at  Val- 
ley Falls,  2  m.  N.  of  Pawtucket. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  cubic  crystals,  in  the  shale. 

PORTSMOUTH. 

Asbestus,  in  shale  and  anthracite. 

Clay  Slate. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions. 

Graphic  Slate. 

Anthracite.  All  abundant,  N.  and  W.  part  of  the  town,  1J  m. 
S.  of  Bristol  ferry,  and  9  in.  N.  from  Newport.  (J.  Ste- 
phens.) 

PROVIDENCE. 

Fluate  of  Lime  ;  narrow  veins  in  grey'  wacke,  of  the  variety 
clorophane,  E.  of  the  town  ;  not  abundant. 

Quartz,  common,  in  rolled  pieces  ;   and  sometimes  are  found 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  crystals,  in  the  gravel  hills;  near. 

Blue  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses  and  fragments,  colored  by 
chlorite. 

Milky  Quartz,  fine  specimens,  sometimes  on  the  surface,  and 
in  the  diluvial  hills. 

Jasper,  fine  red,  and  spotted.  One  mass,  supposed  to  weigh 
25  Ib.  was  found  1J  m.  N.  E.  from  town  ;  very  fine. 

Epidote. 

Amianthus,  in  veins  in  graphic  slate. 

Hornblende,  common,  massive,  in  large  boulders,  E.  from  the 
town. 

Serpentine,  in  rolled  masses,  rare.  (Ed.)  "  Common  serpen- 
tine, in  the  hill  upon  which  the  University  stands.  Its  col- 
or is  brown,  with  a  yellowish  cast,  and  is  striped  in  some 
parts  with  a  pale  black."  (Sil.  8.228.)  The  abovejocality 
was  discovered  between  30  and  40  feet  below  the  surface, 
in  digging  Mr.  John  Smith's  well,  N.  of  Angell  street. 
Veins  of  quartz  embracing  Iron  Pyrites  were  found  in  a 
hard  kind  of  rock,  passing  into  this  yellowish  brown  miner- 
al, which  was  found  in  small  quantity,  and  supposed  to  be 
serpentine.  (W .  Greene.) 

Chlorite,  earthy,  with  common  quartz. 

Clay  Slate,  underlaying  grey  wacke,  and  near  the  surface,  N. 
E.  from  the  Episcopal  church. 


RHODE  ISLAND.  89 

Graphic  Slate,  or  black  chalk,  on  Mr.  S.  Dorr's  land,  near 
Benefit  street  a  few  feet  below  the  surface,  and  in  rolled 
masses  in  the  gravel  hill,  W.  of  Mill  bridge,  traversed  by 
veins  of  amianthus. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  and 

Anthracite  have  been  found  in  digging  wells. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  and 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  rolled  masses  of  quartz,  &c. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron ;  one  or  2  fine  specimens 
have  been  found  detached,  in  the  diluvial  hills  W.  of  Mill 
bridge ;  also  in  quartz. 

Magnetic  Iron  Stone.  This  singular  substance  is  a  porphyry, 
iron  constituting  the  base,  and  crystals  of  feldspar  inter- 
spersed as  usual  in  porphyry  ;  it  is  found  in  rolled  masses 
of  various  sizes  scattered  over  the  surface  in  this  town,  and 
about  Cumberland  hill ;  abundantly.  It  may  be  seen,  in 
place,  2  m.  from  Cumberland  m.  h.  in  an  immense  bed. 

SCITUATE. 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant  near  the  residence  of  the  late 

Isaac  Fisk,  on  the  Plainfield  turnpike,   about  8   m.   from 

Providence.  (T.  Jl.  Greene.) 
Smoky  Quartz,  in  veins  6  inches  wide,  in  sienite,  12  m.  from 

Providence;  also   in  veins  in   gneiss  at  the  quarry  17m. 

from  Providence,  and  2  m.  southerly  from   Fish's  tavern. 
Calcareous  tfpar,  in  acute  rhombs,  interspersed  in  the  group- 
ed specimens  of  small,  cubic  pyrites,  and  small,  black  hex- 

aedrons  of  mica,  at  the  quarry. 
Mica,  crystallized,  in   small,   regular,  hexaedral  crystals,  on 

gneiss,  and  with  pyrites  on  gneiss,  at  the  quarry  ;  beautiful 

specimens. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  very  small,  cubic  crystals,  grouped,  very 

beautiful ;  also   in  large,   cubic  crystals  on  gneiss,   at  the 

quarry. 
Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  in  gneiss,  at  the  quarry,  a  few  good 

specimens  have  been  observed. 

SMITHFIELD. 

Granular  Limestone  occurs  in  extensive  beds,  8  m.  W.  of  N. 
of  Providence;  one  called  the  "  Dexter  rock,"  i  a  m.  W. 
of  Blackstone  river.     The  other  a  little  more  than  a  m. 
12 


90  RHODE  ISLAND. 

N.  W.  from   this,  and  called   the  "  Harris  rock."-     Marble, 
white  and  clouded,  has   been  wrought  from  these  quarries. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  rhombic  crystals,  regular,  and  acute,  at 
the  Harris  rock,  and  at  the  Dexter  rock,  in  rhombic  crys- 
tals ;  also  in  6  sided,  short  prisms,  terminated  by  3,  4,  and 
6  sided  pyramids,  mostly  yellowish,  many  specimens  are  of 
a  gold  color,  sometimes  white  and  transparent,  frequently 
intermixed  with  crystals  of  quartz  ;  many  specimens  ap- 
pear beautifully  frosted  ;  abundant  in  veins  of  the  limestone  ; 
Also  in  veins  with  quartz,  traversing  micaceous  slate,  left 
bank  of  Branch  river,  -|  a  m.  from  its  mouth. 

Rhomb  Spar,  in  large  masses  ;  sometimes  finely  crystallized 
on  limestone,  in  the  Harris  lime  rock. 

Dolomite  ;  Harris  lime  rock,  and  Dexter  rock. 

Limpid  Quartz,  beautiful  crystals,  lining  veins  of  quartz, 
which  intersect  the  Dexter  rock.  The  writer  has  one  per- 
fect crystal  6f  inches  long,  and  one  inch  in  diameter. 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  small  veins,  various  places,  and  more  abun- 
dant 9  m.  from  Providence,  on  the  road  to  Chepachet,  near 
Andrew  Waterman's  tavern,  some  of  which  is  distinctly 

Tabular,  in  lamella  about  £  of  an  inch  thick,  applied  to  each 
other  by  their  broader  faces,  easily  separated,  and  brittle  ; 
some  specimens  are  beautifully  Jrised.  Calc.  Spar,  asso- 
ciated with  chlorite,  quartz,  and  mica ;  same  place. 

Yellow  Quartz,  crystallized,  straw  yellow,  transparent,  in 
veins  in  Dexter  rock. 

Arenaceous  Quartz,  on  Woonsocket  hill. 

Chalcedony  has  been  found  2|  m.  S.  VV.  from  Cumberland 
hill,  and  at  the  lime  rocks  ;  botryoidal,  rare. 

Nephrite,  in  veins  and  nodules,  in  the  Harris  lime  rock. 

Trcmolite,  fibrous  or  earthy,  white,  by  some  supposed  to  be 
arragonite.  Harris  rock. 

Asbestus  ;  Harris  rock,  rare. 

Ltigniform  Asbestus,  on  Andrew  Waterman's  land,  about  one 
m.  northerly  from  his  tavern,  which  is  about  9  m.  from 
Providence,  on  the  road  to  Chepachet,  abundant. 

Fasciculite,  1  m.  N.  E.  from  Woonsocket  village,  on  mica 
slate,  rare. 

Serpentine,  on  Jenks's  hill,  about  5  m.  from  Providence,  W. 
of  the  Smithfield  turnpike,  in  a  granitic  hill,  color  dark 
green,  with  yellow  spots,  abundant,  and  in  some  other  parts 
of  the  town,  of  an  inferior  quality. 

Talc,  silvery  white,  in  masses,  and  in  connexion  with  rhomb 


RHODE  ISLAND.  91 

spar,  and  with  limestone,  at  the  Harris  rock.  Also  bo- 
tryoidal  and  mammiJlary,  on  quartz,  and  on  limestone,  at 
the  Dexter  rock. 

Talciferous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  the  Dexter  lime  rock  ;  yel- 
lowish white,  slaty,  some  of  which  has  beautiful  dendritic 
formations  in  it. 

Green  Talc,  in  veins,  in  coarse  steatite, 

Indurated  Talc, 

Chlorite,  &c.  in  the  road  S.  of  Mr.  B.  Mowry's,  about  ^  a  m. 
W.  from  Blackstone  river,  and  the  "  Cumberland  mill,"  or 
Furnace  factory,  and  a  little  more  than  one  m.  W.  from 
Cumberland  hill,  beautiful  and  abundant. 

Steatite,  |  a  m.  E.  by  S.  of  the  Dexter  lime  rock,  near  the 
Blackstone,  on  Mr.  Nathaniel  Spalding's  land,  constituting 
a  considerable  hill ;  it  appears  at  the  surface  in  several 
places  ;  it  has  never  been  explored  ;  some  of  it  appears 
compact,  and  of  fine  quality. 

Clay  Slate,  at  VVoonsocket  falls,  and  on  the  banks  of  the 
Blackstone  A  vein  runs  through  the  Dexter  lime  rock, 
and  the  W.  side  of  the  Harris  rock  is  connected  with  clay 
slate. 

Peat,  1  rn.  W.  from  Woonsocket  village,  on  Daniel  Reming- 
ton's land,  of  good  quality. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  clay  slate,  at  the  Dexter  lime  rock. 

Micaceous  Oxide  oj  Iron,  in  detached  pieces  of  quartz. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron  ;  octaedral  crystals  in  chlorite  slate, 
near  the  ligniform  asbestus  ;  rare. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.     Harris  lime  rack,  &c.  rare. 

SOUTH  KINGSTON. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  abundant  on  Long  beach,  between 
Watch  hill  and  Point  Judith  light,  nearly  S.  from  Little 
Rest.  (/.  Stephens.) 

WARREN. 

Clay  Slate.  (J.  Stephens.') 

WARWICK. 

Cornelian.  The  writer  found  one  fine  specimen  on  the  shore 
near  Patuxet,  in  the  gravel  bank,  and 

Shale ;  one  rolled  mass,  with  ^ne  vegetable  impressions  5 
same  place. 

Bog  Ore,  in  nodules,  on  the  bottom  of  Warwick  pond  ;  abun- 
dant. (Eddy.) 


CONNECTICUT. 


Sulphur et  of  Silver  is  said  to  have  been  found   in  this  state. 
(C.) 

BERLIN. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  lamellar  rolled  pieces  in  a  rivulet, 

(C.)  below  a  mill  dam. 
Amethyst. 
Prehnitc. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  yellow,  with 

Sulphuret  of  Lead ,  in  a  vein,  which   appears  to  traverse  sand- 
stone, or  greenstone.  (C.) 
Quartz  Geodes,  in  greenstone  trap.  (Sil.  5.41.) 
Coal,  in   greenstone,  on  either  side  of  a  brook,  in  veins,   in 

connexion  with 
Crystallized  Quartz. 
Pyrites;  rare. 
Chlorite,  in  greenstone. 
Carbonate  of  Lime,  colorless  and  crystallized,  foliated,  and  in 

layers  of  different  colors,  and  textures,  i.  e.  agatized.  (Sil. 

5.44.) 

Chalcedony, 
slgates,  and  quartz  crystals,  in  the  valley  of  a  brook  W.  of 

the  m.  h. 

Shale,  a  bed  in  a  ravine,  |  a  m.  S.  of  the  m.  h. 
Zeolite,  fibrous  and  radiated  in  greenstone,  E.  of  the  m.  h. 

(Sil.  5.45.) 
Jet,  imbedded  with  galena  in  sulphate  of  barytes,  at  Morc's 

mills.  (Sil.  5.254.) 

BETHLEHEM. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  foliated,  granular,  and  fibrous,  or  striated. 

Fibrous   Tremolite,   very,  beautiful.    (Sil.  1.354.)      Beautiful 

graphic  granite  occurs  in  this  town.  (E.) 
Laminated  Feldspar,  pearly  white  in  Bethlehem.  (Sil.  6.251.) 


CONNECTICUT.  93 

BOLTON. 

Staurotlde,  at  the  Notch  of  the   mountain,  in    large   crystals, 

often  forming  the  cross  in  mica  slate,  with 
Garnets.  (C.) 

BOZRA. 

Tourmaline,  and  fine  graphic  granite.  (Sil.  2.240.J 
Garnet,  near  the  Bozra  factory,  in  granite.  (IV.  Greene.) 

BRIDGEPORT. 

Octaedral  Iron  ;  large,  distinct  crystals.  (Sil.  5.41.) 
Hornslone.  (H^ll.) 

BRISTOL. 

Native  Copper,  with  the 

Red  O^ide  of  Copper,  in  a  small  vein.  (C.) 

BROOKFIELD. 

Beryl,  in  granite. 

Jiugite,  white,  in 

Dolomite  ;  (C.)  abundant,  1  a  m.  W.  of  the  village,  with  as- 
bestus,  serpentine,  iron  pyrites,  &c. 

Chlorite,  abundant. 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  granite,  abundant,  highly  mag- 
netic, decomposes  rapidly  in  the  air,  and  furnishes  excel- 
lent copperas. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

CANAAN. 

Tremolite,  abundant  in  granular  limestone.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  crystallized  in  tremolite.  (Sil.  1.354.) 
Kaolin,  abundant.  (&7.8.5S.) 
Calcareous  Tufa,  at  the  falls.  (Sil.  8.60.) 

CANTON. 

Actynolite  ;  brownish  green.  (C.) 

CHATHAM. 

Rose  Red  Quartz ;  good  specimens  have  been  obtained. 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate. 

Beryl,  1 4  m.  N.  from  Middle  Haddam  landing,  and  about  \  a 


JTITERSIT 


94  CONNECTICUT. 

m.  S.  W.  from  the  cobalt  mine  hill,  in  course  grained  gra- 
nite. Some  crystals  4  inches  in  diameter,  with 

Schorl. 

Coal. 

Arsenical  Iron,  in  the  cobalt  mine. 

Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  /row,  associated  with  arsenical  cobalt. 

Arsenical  Nickel,  reddish  yellow,  with  a  metallic  lustre,  asso- 
ciated with  arsenical  cobalt,  in  irregular  veins,  or  dissemi- 
nated in  a  hornblende  rock. 

Arsenical  Cobalt,  5  m.  S,  E.  from  Middletown,  disseminated 
in  a  rock  composed  principally  of  hornblende  and  actyno- 
lite,  on  the  S.  side  of  a  hill. 

vlrseniate  of  Cobalt ;  peach  blossom  red,  in  crusts,  or  dissem- 
inated in  feldspar.  (C.) 

Garnet,  at  the  cobalt  mine,  in  mica  slate  ;  handsome.  (Sil. 
6.222.)  Also  about  |  a  m.  E.  of  Middle  Haddam  Land- 
ing, in  a  brook* 

Actynolite,  near  the  bank  of  the  river,  opposite  the  upper  fer- 
ry in  Haddam,  in  an  enormous  granitic  vein,  associated 
with  black  Schorl, 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  &c.  (Sil.  G.227.) 

Yenite,  resembling  hornblende.  (Sil.  8.59.) 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  black  jack,  connected  with  arsenical  co- 
balt, in  mica  slate,  &c.  at  the  cobalt  mine. 

CHESHIRE. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  foliated  masses,  with  quartz,  sand- 
stone, and  the  carbonates  of  lime  and  copper,  and  other  va- 
rieties of  barytes. 

Fibrous  Malachite,  in  small,  but  good  specimens. 

Pyritous  Copper,  with 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  and 

Quartz,  and 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  sulphate  of  barytes,  and  sandstone,  all 
blended  in  the  same  mass,  but  perfectly  distinct.  (C.) 

Mesotype. 

Prehnite,  good  specimens.  (8.  J.  Andrews.) 

CHESTER  PARISH.      See  SAYBROOK. 
CORNWALL. 

Smoky  Quartz,  crystallized. 


CONNECTICUT.  95 

Gy finite,  in  gneiss,  with 

Graphite,  which  occurs  in  considerable  quantities.  (C.) 
Epidote  is  found  with  the   cyanite  and  graphite.  (Sil.  1.354.J 
Hornstone,  on  the  late  Judge  Matthews'  farm.  (Hall.) 

DERBY. 

Granular  Limestone,  often   very  white,  with   large  folia,  and 

frequently  penetrated  by  crystals  of 
Tremolite. 
Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (C.) 

DURHAM. 

Coat  has  been  found  in  this  town.  (C.) 

EAST   HADDAM. 

Hose  Red  Quartz ;  good  specimens  have  been  obtained. 
Siliceous  Sinter,  in  horizontal  interstices   in   gneiss.     Also  in 

small,  snow   white,  spherical  concretions,   incrusting   mica  i 

slate. 
Sulphuret  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

EAST  HARTFORD. 

Staurotide,  in  large  crystals,  often  forming  the  cross,  in  mica 

slate,  with 
Garnets. 
Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  (C.) 

EAST   HAVEN. 

Amethyst. 

Chalcedony,  3  or  4  m.  from  New  Haven,  imbedded  in  secon- 
dary trap,  or  occurring  in  loose  masses ;  botryoidal,  mam- 
millary,  or  stalactical,  often  beautifully  invested  with  crys- 
tals of  quartz,  sometimes  forming  geodes. 

Agate,  either  loose  or  imbedded  in  secondary  greenstone,  with 
Chalcedony.  These  agates,  either  oval  or  conical,  usually 
consist  of  bands  of  chalcedony  and  quartz,  variously  striped, 
or  spotted,  or  interlaced  with  Jasper,  Cornelian,  and  Cacho- 
long.  In  the  same  rock  occur 

Geodes  of  Quartz,  lined  with  small  crystals  of  quartz,  trans- 
parent, or  amethystine,  or  smoky,  or  yellow,  and  sometimes 
spotted,  or  tipped  with  red  jasper. 

Analcime,  with  chalcedony  and  agates.  (C.) 


96  CONNECTICUT. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  on  the  beach  near  the  light  house,  in 
great  abundance.  (Sil.  6.232.) 

ELLINGTON. 

Coal,  in  friable 

Clay  Slate.  (Sil.  6.63.J 

ENFIELD. 

Coal,  (C.)  in  beds,  in  grey  micaceous  sandstone.  (Sil.  6.63.) 

FAIRFIELD. 

White  Copper  Ore.  (C.) 

FARMINGTON. 

Sulphate  ofBarytes,  in  lamellar  rolled  pieces,  in  a  rivulet 
passing  through  Berlin  and  Farmington. 

Amethyst.  (C.) 

Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  6.216.) 

Prehnite,  Farmington  mountains,  mammillary,  botryoidal, 
crystalline.  (Hall.)  Prehnite  occurs  about  2  m.  N.  of  the 
m.  h.  on  the  W.  side  of  Talcot,  or  Farmington  mountain, 
10  m.  W.  from  Hartford,  in  cavities  of  the  greenstone,  or 
among  the  detached  fragments,  both  massive  and  crystalli- 
zed ;  color  varies  from  a  rich  grass  green  to  green  of  light- 
er shades,  occasionally  blended  with 

Calcareous  Spar,  of  a  fine  white,  which  gives  additional  beau- 
ty to  the  prehnite,  which  is  very  abundant,  and  in  extraor- 
dinaryly  beautiful  specimens.  Prehnite  occurs  throughout 
this  range  of  greenstone  hills.  (E.  N.  Sill.  Jr.)  Prehnite 
with  calc,  spar,  and  wacke  at  the  foot  of  Talcot  mountain. 

Wacke,  perfectly   well   characterized,  and   very  abundant,  at 
the  foot  of  the  very  lofty   precipices,  2  m.   N.  of  Monte  - 
Video,  on  the   Talcot  mountain,  10  m.  W.  of  Hartford, 
(fit*.  6.51.) 

GOSHEN. 

Tremolite.  (C.) 

GRANBY. 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  disseminated  in  sandstone,  with  a  small 

proportion  of 
Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  at  a  place  known  by  the  name  of 

the  Simsbury  mine.  (Sil.  6.206.) 


CONNECTICUT.  97 

HADDAM. 

Cyanite,  near  the  N.  E.  corner  of  Haddam,  in  the  parish  of 
Middle  Haddam,  in  crystalline  masses  from  C  to  8  inches 
long,  either  loose  or  in'mica  slate.  (C.)  The  foregoing  lo- 
cality is  on  the  east  side  of  the  river,  on  the  farm  of  a  Mr. 
.Selden.  (Sil.  2.238.J 

Finite,  in  a  micaceous  rock,  crystals  sometimes  several  inch- 
es long,  and  considerably  regular.  Same  place  crystals  1 
inch  in  diameter,  occur  in  rolled  masses  of  granite. 

Chrysoberyl,  in  a  vein  of  granite,  traversing  gneiss,  in  6  sided 
prisms,  and  6  sided  tables-.  This  granite  is  large  grained, 
composed  chiefly  of 

White  Feldspar,  (albite.)  and  grey  quartz,  and  contains 

Manganesian  Garnet,  which  are  sometimes  very  large,  4  inch- 
es in  diameter ;  also 

Tourmaline, 

Emerald,  and  white 

Fibrous  Talc.  (C.)  The  above  locality  is  at  the  N.  end  of 
Mr.  Brainard's  house,  near  the  road,  directly  opposite  the 
m.  h.  (Sil.  2.240.)  Chrysoberyl  has  been  found  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  river  also. 

Black  Schorl,  in  loose  blocks  of  granite;  also  in  a  vein  of 
course  granular  quartz,  traversing  mica  slate,  (C.)  £  of  a  m. 
S.  westerly  from  the  m.  h.  abundant  on  a  hill  in  woods. 

Feldspar,  greenish  and  strongly  translucent,  (C.)  £  m.  west- 
erly from  m.  h.  containing  schorl  in  small  crystals. 

Adularia,  in  gneiss,  (C.)  at  the  quarries,  1  m.  S.  from  the 
m.  h. 

Siliceous  Feldspar. 

Beryl,m  granite,  which  forms  a  vein  in  gneiss,  (C.)  some  crys- 
tals 9  to  12  inches  in  diameter.  Some  have  been  found  4 
m.  N.  from  the  centre  of  Haddam.  (St7.  6.222.)  Abun- 
dant at  the  gneiss  quarries  S.  of  the  m.  h. 

Epidote,  3  m.  W.  from  the  inn  ;  it  occurs  massive,  arena- 
ceous, and  in  very  fine  crystals  in  a  narrow  vein,  in  a  de- 
composed mica  slate. 

Aclynolite,  in  the  mica  slate  of  this  vicinity.  (Sil.  2.240.) 

Talc,  enters  into  the  composition  of  granite.  (C.) 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Columbium,  or  tantalite,  occurs  in  the 
same  rock  which   contains  the   chrysoberyl,  &c.  (C.  782.) 
(Sil.  4.52,  &  8.105.)  (Also,  A.  L.  A".  H.  JV.  York,  1.89.) 
13 


98  CONNECTICUT. 

Hornblende,  i  of  am.  S.  W.  from  the  m.  h.  crystallized  in 
coarse  white,  friable,  granular  quartz,  abundant. 

HAMDEN  HILLS.       See  NEW  HAVEN. 
HARTFORD. 

Antimonial  Grey  Copper,  near,  in  the  red  sandstone  formation. 

Sulphate  ofBarytes,  2  m.  from  Hartford,  penetrated  by  green 
and  blue 

Carbonate  of  Copper,  in  a  vein  traversing  greenstone,  which 
rests  on  argillaceous  sandstone.  (C.) 

Wackc,  at  Gallows  hill,  near  Hartford,  lying  between  the  green- 
stone and  sandstone;  also  W.  side  of  the  Berlin  ranges  of 
greenstone.  (Sil.  6.51  )  The  locality  of  sulphate  of  ba- 
rytes  is  S.  W.  from  Hartford,  near  a  quarry,  where  may  be 
found 

Fibrous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  the  argillaceous  sandstone,  and 
dog  tooth  spar. 

HARWINTON. 

Cyamte,  occurs  in  large  and  beautiful,  blue  and  white  crystals, 

or  in  crystalline  masses,  in  mica  slate. 
Staurotide,  in  perfect  crystals,  in  granite  with  cyanite. 
Native  Antimony,  in  broad  plates,  associated  with  the 
Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  (C.) 

HEBRON. 

Graphite.  (C.) 

HUNTINGTON. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  4  m.  S.  from  the  bismuth  mine,  parish  of 
New  Stratford,  in  a  vein  traversing  white  granular  lime- 
stone in  gneiss,  and  associated  with  quartz,  mica,  &c.  some- 
times in  cubes,  but  usually  massive.  It  emits  a  very  pure 
emerald  green  light  when  heated,  and  is  of  the  variety  call- 
ed chlorophane. 

Beryl,  in  granite-  (C.)  One  beautiful  crystal  found  in  the 
chlorophane.  (SU.  5.254.) 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  the  vein  which  contains  the 
native  bismuth. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  New  Stratford. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  foliated  in  a  gangue  of  quartz,  with  native 
bismuth,  and 


CONNECTICUT.  99 

Native  Silver,  which  contains  a  little 

Jlrsenic. 

Sulphate  of  Lead,  at  Lane's  mine,  incrusting  argentiferous  ga- 
lena, and  is  said  to  contain  silver. 

Native  Bismuth,  New  Stratford,  on  Mr.  Ephraim  Lane's 
farm,  20  m.  W.  from  New  Haven,  disseminated  in  a  vein 
of  quartz,  in  brilliant  plates,  or  small  lamellar  masses,  sel- 
dom more  than  an  inch  in  diameter,  associated  with  native 
silver,  the  sulphuret  of  iron  and  lead,  and 

Pyritous  Copper,  tungsten,  and  tellurium,  (C.)  and 

Blende.  (  il  1.316  ) 

Native  Tellurium,  at  Lane's  mine,  associated  with  ferruginous 
oxiae  of  tungsten,  native  bismuth,  native  silver,  &tc. 

Yellow  Ojiide  of  Tungsten,  the  pulverulent  variety  forms  a 
crust  on  the  ferruginous  oxide  of  tungsten,  or  occurs  in  its 
cavities.  Both  the  massive  and  pulverulent  often  occur  in 
the  interstices,  and  upon  the  surface  of  the  calcareous  ox- 
ide of  tungsten. 

Calcareous  Oxide  of  Tungsten,  in  quartz,  and  is  associated 
with  the  yellow  oxide  of  tungsten. 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Tungsten ;  it  occurs  both  missive  and 
in  octaedral  crystals,  in  quartz  with  native  bismuth,  native 
silver,  &c. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium ;  large  crystals  near  Lane's  mine. 
(C.) 

Mum,  in  decomposed  mica  slate,  (fiil.  3.240.) 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  white,  foliated ;  New  Statford.  (SiJ. 
5.255.) 

Native  Sulphur,  and 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  at  Lane's  mine.  (Sil.  6.210.) 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  at  Mr.  Lane's  mine,  incrusting,  and 
partly  filling  up  cavities  in  quartz,  and  is  associated  with 
suipliuret  of  iron.  (A.  L.  N.  H.  N.  York,  1.93.) 

KENT. 

Fuller's  Earth,  a  saponaceous  clay  resembling  fuller's  earth, 

at  the  iron  ore  bed. 

Scaly  Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  primitive  rocks. 
Red  Hematite,  same  place. 
Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron  occurs  stalactical,  mammiUa- 

ry,  &c.     It  is  contained  in  ciay,  which  forms  a  bed  in 

gneiss.  (C.) 


100  CONNECTICUT. 

KILLINGLY. 

Kaolin  of  superior  quality  was  lately  found  10  feet  below  the 
surface,  in  digging  a  well  2i  m.  E.  from  Westfield  m.  h. 

LANE'S  MINE.     See  HUNTINGTON. 

LEBANON. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  small  quantities.  (C.)  (?) 
Schorl,  on  the  turnpike  to  Colchester,  1  or  2m.  from  the 
Bozra  factory.  (W.  Greene.) 

LITCHFIELD. 

Dolomite,  in  very  beautiful  white  masses,  fine  grained,  and  re- 
sembling loaf  sugar. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses. 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  in  opaque,  yellowish  brown,  6  sided 
prisms,  attached  to  an  amorphous  mass  of  the  same  variety. 

Hornstone,  associated  with  ferruginous  quartz. 

Corundum,  dark  greyish,  blue,  massive,  and  in  6  sided  prisms, 
in  an  aggregate,  composed  chiefly  of  cyanhe. 

Cyanite,  in  large  and  beautiful  blue  and  while  crystals,  or 
in  crystalline  masses,  in  mica  slate,  associated  with  quartz, 
talc,  feldspar,  mica,  staurotide,  and  garnets.  A  detached, 
crystalline  mass  of  cyanite  was  found  in  this  town,  sup- 
posed to  weigh  1500  lb.,  containing 

Talc, 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and  corundum,  and  resting  on  mica  slate. 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate,  presenting  6  sided  prisms,  either 
single  or  forming  a  cross  (C.)  ;  very  common,  and  very 
beautiful.  (Sil  1.353.) 

Beryl,  in  granite,  the  crystals  often  well  defined. 

Garnets,  with  staurotide,  in  mica  slate. 

Epidote,  in  shining  6  sided  prisms,  with  hornblende  in  graph- 
ic granite,  and  sienite. 

Tremolite,  presenting  fine  specimens,  usually  connected  with 
dolomite  and  quartz. 

Augite,  whitish,  flat,  6  sided  prisms,  sometimes  nearly  4  inch- 
es long,  with  diedral  summits,  in  dolomite,  sometimes  with 
tremolite  and  quartz. 

JLctynolite,  in  bluish  green,  radiated  masses. 

Steatite. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  sometimes  reticulated  on  mica.  (C.) 


CONNECTICUT.  101 

Smoky  Quartz. 

Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses,  with  ferruginous  quartz,  contain- 
ing veins  of 

Chalcedony,  and  hornstone,  and  geodes  of  quartz  crystals,  are 
common. 

Common  Opal  has  been  found,  though  rarely. 

Mica,  green,  white,  and  perfectly   black,  in  blocks  of  granite. 

Schorl,  in  rounded  crystals,  in  all  the  granite,  in  radiating  crys- 
tals on  (juartz,  and  in  acicular  crystals  on  mica  slate. 

Feldspar,  common  and  beautiful,  blue,  white,  and  red,  in 
rhornboidal  fragments.  (SU.  1.353.) 

Ho rnblende;  the  lamellar  and  slaty  varieties  are  very  com- 
mon. 

Chlorite,  on  quartz,  with  talc. 

Porcelain  Clay,  in  small  quantities. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron ,  in  mass,  is  in  great  quantities,  and 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  near  it,  near 
Mount  Prospect. 

Native  Copper  ;  a  small  quantity  was  found  in  a  stone.  (Sil. 
1.354.) 

Andalusite,  in  4  sided  prisms,  with  granular  quartz.  (Sil. 
6.176.) 

Prismatic  Mica.   (Sil.  6.220.) 

Fetid  Quartz,  well  characterized,  of  a  dark  greyish  blue,  and 
of  a  pure  white. 

Pinite,  associated  with  quartz,  mica,  and  oxide  of  iron. 

Zeolite,  in  renitbrm  masses  of  minute  fibres,  and  in  fascicular 
groups  of  fibrous  crystals, — in  a  vein  in  mica  slate.  (Sil. 
6.251.) 

MERIDEN. 

JLnakime.  (Sil.  6.224.) 

MIDDLE  HADDAM.       See  HADDAM  and  CHATHAM. 
MIDDLETOWN. 

Calcareous  Spar,  at  the  lead  mine,  mixed  with  sulphurets  of 

lead,  zinc,  &tc. 
Fluate  of  Lime,  in   a  vein,  accompanied  by  the  sulphuret  of 

lead,  zinc,  and  iron. 

Bituminous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  (bituminous  marl  slate.    Sil. 

' 


102  CONNECTICUT. 

6.63.)  black,  and  traversed  by  veins  of  white  calcareous 
par,  and 

Satin  Spar,  and  presents  distinct  impressions  offish ;  also 

Bituminous  Shale,  with  impressions  of  fish. 

Coal,  and 

Pyrites,  at  Westfield,  near  Middletown  ;  (C.)  about  6  m.  N. 
W.  and  1  m.  N.  from  Westfield  m.  h.  in  a  brook,  now 
abandoned,  and  specimens  very  rare.  (Miner.) 

Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  where   a  mine  was  formerly  opened,  and 

Sulphur et  of  Zinc,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  (C.)  1|  m,  S.  E.  near  the  river,  E.  of  But- 
ler's creek,  specimens  very  rare. 

fetid  Quartz,  found  abundantly  along  Connecticut  river, 
through  the  whole  distance  from  this  town  to  Bellows  falls, 
in  loose,  rolled  masses.  (Hall.) 

MILFORD  HILLS. 

Calcareous  Spar,  5  m.  W.  from  New  Haven,  in  laminated 
masses,  penetrated  with  chlorite,  and  in  rhombic  crystals  at 
the  marble  quarry,  7  m.  W.  from  New  Haven. 

Granular  Limestone ;  these  calcareous  strata  extend  northerly 
9  or  10  m.  from  Milford  harbor,  leaving  the  coast,  and  ap- 
parently terminating  about  2  m.  back  of  New  Haven,  tra- 
versed by  veins  of  calcareous  spar,  and  magnesian  carbo- 
nate of  lime,  and  toward  the  E.  and  N.  extremities  is  asso- 
ciated with  serpentine.  The  texture  of  the  beautiful 

JWarble,  quarried  at  this  place  is  very  fine  granular  ;  some  va- 
rieties exhibit  clouds  of  a  brilliant  orange,  or  gold  yellow, 
associated  with 

Green  Serpentine,  and  dove  colored  lime  stone,  and  constitute 
a  very  beautiful  marble.  It  receives  a  high  polish,  and  en- 
dures the  action  of  fire. 

Dolomite,  mixed  with  quartz  and  tremolile. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  in  imperfect,  pale  green  crystals  in  gran- 
ite, near  New  Haven. 

Epidote,  in  primitive  greenstone,  in  veins  or  amorphous  mass- 
es, sometimes  in  radiated  crystals  in  a  vein  of  calcareous 
spar,  traversing  greenstone  slate. 

Tremolite,  all  the  varieties  of  which  occur  with  dolomite  and 
quartz. 


CONNECTICUT.  103 

Asbestus,  chiefly  in  serpentine,  and  very  abundant.     The 

Amianthus  is  sometimes  nearly  as  fine  as  that  of  Corsica. 
The  common  variety  is  whitish  green,  with  dolomite  and 
granular  limestone,  adhering,  and  bitter  spar  and  magnetic 
iron  disseminated. 

Sahlite,  olive  green,  foliated,  and  almost  prismatic  in  the  yel- 
low serpentine  marble,  (C.) ;  Westfield,  3  m.  W.  from  New 
Haven,  on  the  left  of  the  road  to  Derby  ;  abundant. 

Precious  Serpentine,  near  New  Haven,  imbedded  in  nodules 
or  irregular  masses  in  primitive  limestone,  and  receives  a 
very  high  polish. 

Chlorite  penetrates  quartz  and  calcareous  spar. 

Slaty  Chlorite,  in  layers  about  }  of  an  inch  thick,  between 
primitive  marble  and  primitive  greenstone;  soft,  unctuous, 
and  frequently  stained  red. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  and 

Chromate  of  /ro/i,  forming  black  clouds  and  spots,  are  dissem- 
inated through  this  marble,  and  also  the  green  and 

Yellow  Serpentine,  which  is  much  mixed  with  the  marble, 
and  greatly  increases  its  beauty.  When  it  contains  green 
colors  it  belongs  to  the  variety  usually  called 

Verd  Antique,  and  is  the  ophicalce  veinee  of  Brongniart.  (C.) 

NEW  HAVEN. 

Flint,  near,  in  rolled  masses. 

Jasper,  near,  in  rolled  fragments. 

Cyanite,  in  small,  imperfect  crystals  in  mica  slate,  near. 

Staurotide,  on  Beacon  hill,  14  m.  from  New  Haven,  in  mica 
slate,  with 

Garnets.  (?) 

Pitchstone,  near. 

Prehnite,  near,  in  secondary  greenstone,  which  also  contains 
zeolite,  in  veins  or  in  nodules,  with  a  radiated  structure, 
sometimes  with  crystals  on  the  surface.  At  the  Pine  rock 
it  forms  perpendicular  veins,  rarely  more  than  i  of  an  inch 
in  thickness. 

Zeolite,  near,  in  horizontal  veins,  in  secondary  greenstone,  or 
incrusting  the  surface  of  the  stone  ;  it  is  in  crystals,  or  ra- 
diated masses,  or  presents  the  mealy  variety  ;  at  the  Pine 
rock. 

Ltaumonite,  near,  in  greenstone. 

fcfyno/tfe,  near,  in  serpentine,  generally  radiated. 


104  CONNECTICUT. 

Serpentine,  near. 

Steatite,  near. 

Chlorite,  near,  penetrating  quartz  and  calcareous  spar. 

Slaty  Chlorite,  near,  in  thin  veins  in  secondary  greenstone ; 
and  these  veins  are  divided  by  still  thinner  veins  of  quartz, 
and  in  the  direction  of  the  layers. 

Clay  Slate,  5  or  6  m.  N.  W.  in  primitive  strata,  sometimes  al- 
ternating with  mica  slate. 

Native  Copper,  a  mass  weighing  about  90  Ib.  was  found,  ma- 
ny years  since,  on  Hamden  hills,  near  New  Haven,  adher- 
ing, in  part,  to  the  surface  of  the  rock  on  which  it  rested, 
and  even  penetrating  its  fissures.  A  mass  of  native  copper 
weighing  about  6  Ib.  has  been  more  recently  found  within 
3  or^4  m.  of  where  the  90  Ib.  piece  was  discovered,  and 
12  m.  from  New  Haven,  and  \  a  m.  W.  from  the  Hartford 
turnpike,  opposite  the  town  of  Wallingford,  in  alluvial  soil, 
exhibiting  the  rudiments  of  large,  octaedral  crystals  of  cop- 
per on  iis  surface,  which  is  partly  incrusted  by  the 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper  ;  and  its  cavities  contain  the 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  near. 

Pyritous  Copper,  in  the  greenstone  mountains,  which  extend 
northerly  from  New  Haven,  through  Cheshire,  Simsbury, 
&c.  with  native  copper  and  the  red  oxide  of  copper. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near.  (C. )     See  Milford  hills. 

NEW  LONDON. 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Columbium,  near.   (C.)? 

NEW  MILFORD. 

Granular  Limestone,  forming  beds  in  gneiss. 

Asbestus. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  in  gneiss,  whose  structure  is  very  perfect. 
The  ore  is  abundant  in  a  gangue  of  quartz.  This  appears 
to  be  the  only  locality  in  the  United  States  in  which  carbo- 
nate of  iron  occurs  in  quantity.  (C.) 

NEW  STRATFORD.       See  HUNTINGTON. 
NORTHFORD. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  a  secondary  trap  formation  ;  it  is 


_ 


CONNECTICUT.  105 

a  coarse   grey  lime   stone,  extremely   fetid   by  percussion, 
and  burns  to  excellent  lime.  (C.) 
Staurotide,  in  mica  slate;  abundant.  (Sil.  6.219.J 

OXFORD. 

Granular  Limestone,  often  very  white,  with  large  folia,  and 
frequently  penetrated  by  crystals  of 

Tremolite.  (C.) 

Chlorite  Slate.  (Sil.  6.27.) 

Limpid  Quarts,  and 

Smoky  Quarts,  crystallized  ;  good  specimens  have  been  found. 

Staurotide, 

Garnets,  and 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  large,  geniculated  crystals,  in  mi- 
ca slate.  (.#.  S.  Monson.) 

PETTYPAUG.   See  SAYBROOK. 
PRESTON. 

Alum,  formed  in  decomposed  mica  slate.  (Sil*  3.240.) 

READING. 

Granular  Limestone,  often  very  white  with  large  folia,  and 
frequently  penetrated  by  crystals  of 

Tremolite. 

Garnet,  in  well  defined  trapezoedrons,  from  the  size  of  grape 
shot  to  that  of  musket  balls,  in  mica  slate.  (C.)  This  lo- 
cality is  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  a  hill,  or  precipice,  covered 
with  red  cedar,  l|  m.  S.  of  the  Congregation  tl  m.  h.  and 
about  \  a  m.  N.  W.  of  the  junction  of  the  two  largest 
branches  of  the  Saugatuck  river,  30  rods  W.  of  a  carding 
machine  arid  a  saw  mill,  very  abundant  and  beautiful.  (Sil. 
3.241.J 

SALISBURY, 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  associated  with  the  ether  va- 
rieties of  the  brown  oxide.  It  is  often  in  stalactites  of  un- 
common beauty,  whose  exterior  presents  a  strong  gloss. 
It  is  sometimes  invested  with  a  delicate,  sooty  coat  which 
appears  to  be  Oxide  of  Manganese.  The  iron  ore  is  em- 
braced in  clay  which  forms  a  bed  in  the  side  of  a  hill,  of 
moderate  elevation.  This  mine  has  been  open  about  70 
14 


106  CONNECTICUT. 

years,  and  the  ore  is  still  very  abundant,  and  is  said  to  yield 
some  of  the  best  iron  in  the  United  States.  The 

Clay  of  this  bed  exhibits  various  colors,  and  will  undoubtedly 
furnish  valuable  pigments. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.)  No  variety  of 
argillaceous  oxide  of  iron  is  found  here  but  the  common, 
which  has  a  compact  structure,  color  yellowish,  fracture 
conchoidal.  (SU.  8.260.) 

Staurotide.  (Sil  8.40.) 

Fibroits  Tremolite  ;  the  masses,  whose  fibres  are  sometimes  2 
feet  long,  contain  parallelepipeds  of 

Sulphuret^of  Iron.  (Sil.  8.46.) 

Nephrite,  somewhat  lamellar,  and  exhibits  imperfect  prisms 
by  fracture.  (Sil.  8.60.)  Nephrite  is  found  one  mile  east 
ol  the  m.  h. 

Laminated  Calcareous  Spar,  abundant. 

Bitter  Spar,  in 

Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Calcareous  Tufa,  at  the  falls  of  the  Housatonic ;  abundant. 

Dolomite,  abundant,  containing  tremolite. 

Alum,  in  yellowish  white  concretions,  and  efflorescing  on  mi- 
ca slate  ;  abundant,  often  very  pure.  Nearly  all  the  varie- 
ties of 

Quartz,  in  abundance,  and  quartzose  breccia,  and  grey  wacke. 

Jasper,  abundant,  black,  red,  yellow,  &tc.  in  small,  rolled 
masses. 

Nica,  black,  white,  and  yellow  ;  abundant. 

Slack  Schorl,  in  quartz. 

Tourmaline,  brown  and  yellow,  in  quartz  and  carbonate  of 
lime  ;  abundant. 

Feldspar,  compact  variety,  in  mica  slate,  and  detached  masses. 

Scapolite,  near  the  falls  of  the  Housatonic, 

Beryl,  H  m.  N.  of  the  m.  h.  beautiful  small  crystals  associat- 
ed with  quartz,  hornblende,  augite,  epidote,  massive  gar- 
nets, Sic. 

Garnet,^ perfect  crystals;  also  in  granular,  amorphous  masses 
of  a  reddish  color,  and  staurotide ;  both  abundant  in  mica 
slate. 

JSpidote,  in  compact  masses,  and  crystallized,  associated  with 
sulphuret  of  iron,  augile,  quartz,  and  hornblende  ;  abundant. 

Aug'te,  white,  abundant. 

Hornblende,  lamellar,  slaty,  and  fibrous,   surface   ferruginous 


CONNECTICUT.  107 

brown,  in  veins  traversing  quartz,  and  in  fibrous  groups, 
constituting  the  fasciculite  of  Mr.  Hitchcock. 

Talc,  green  and  white,  in  quartz  and  augite  ;  also  indurated 
with  curved  layers. 

Potter's  Clay,  abundant  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  town. 

Sulphur,  efflorescent  on  mica  slate. 

Petroleum,  on  stagnant  waters,  giving  them  an  irised  appear- 
ance. 

Graphite,  associated  with  sulphate  of  iron,  disseminated  in  a 
mixture  of  calcareous  lime  and  mica  slate  in  a  compact 
form,  of  good  quality,  and  abundant;  also  in  all  the  fur- 
naces, in  irregular  crystals,  and  sca!y  masses. 

Sulphiiret  of  Iron,  mostly  in  cubes,  abundant,  and  in  amor- 
phous masses ;  also  granular,  in  limestone,  quartz,  and  mica 
slate. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  crystallized,  and  massive,  in  cubes 
and  octaedrons  ;  abundant,  in  mica  slate. 

Oc/trey  Brown  O  dde  of  Iron;  abundant  at  the  ore  bed. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  on  the  summit  of  a  high  hill,  (Bat-rue  Mon- 
tehh»)  £  a  m.  E.  of  the  m.  h.,  abundant. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  thin  laminae,  in  limestone,  rare. 

Zinc,  white  oxide  ?  at  the  iron  ore  bed. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  small  6  sided  prisms,  abundant  in 
the  mica  slate,  forming  the  walls  of  the  ore  bed  ;  also  in 
large  prisms  in  quartz  and  augite.  The  above  named  min- 
erals are  found  so  common  in  Salisbury,  that  the  precise 
spot  need  not  be  pointed  out.  (Charles  A.  Lee.'j 

Granular  Limestone,  in  beds  in  mica  slate. 

Jllagnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime  ;  abundant. 

Fetid  Carbonate  oj  Lime  occurs  in  plates,  rhombs,  &cc.  abun- 
dant. 

Common  Quartz,  crystallized  and  massive. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  alluvial  soil  in  prisms  of  considerable  size, 
sometimes  in  geodes  in  common  quartz. 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  amorphous  masses ;  best  specimens  are 
found  in  veins  in  mica  slate,  of  considerable  thickness,  and 
often  exhibit  a  beautiful  play  of  colors. 

Yellow  Quartz,  in  rolled  masses. 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  in  detached  pieces,  color  of  different 
shades,  tinged  with  yellow. 

Irised  Quartz,  rare  ;  colors  produced  by  fracture,  and  a  coat 
of  metallic  oxide. 


108  CONNECTICUT. 

Milky  Quartz,  common  in  large  masses. 

Granular    Quartz   occurs    in    masses   of    considerable    size. 
Many  of  the  preceding  varieties  are  cellular. 

Ferruginous  Quartz,   amorphous;  beautiful   specimens  of  an 
ocbrey  yellow,  and  deep  red  color  are  associated. 

fetid  Quartz,  very  abundant,  resembles  the  common  quartz, 
tinged  with  grey  ;  very  fetid. 

Siliceous  Sinter,  abundant,  investing  the  surface  of  hornstone 
in  botryoidal  concretions. 

Hornstone,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Wacke,  in  large  blocks,  scattered  throughout  this  region,  and 
Berkshire  Co.  resembles  that  found  in  Columbia  Co.  N.  Y. 

Zoisite  is  not  uncommon. 

Baikalite,  and  all  the  varieties  of  tremolite,  abundant  in  dol- 
omite. The  baikalite  is  often  very  beautiful,  the  crystals 
radiating  from  a  centre,  several  inches  in  length,  of  a 
pearly  lustre,  sometimes'linged  with  yellow. 

Nephrite,  of  Sil.  8.60.  is  ascertained  by  Prof.  Devtey  to  be 
augite ;  it  occurs  amorphous,  aad  in  tabular  and  6  sided 
prisms,  of  several  inches  in  length,  associated  with  epidote, 
graphite,  &LC.  and  contains  red  oxide  of  titanium. 

Jlctynolite,  in  large  grey  masses,  associated  with  augite,  mica 
slate,  and  graphite. 

Chlorite,  massive,  connected  with  quartz. 
Clay  Slate,  in  small  fragments  ;  not  common. 

Hepatic  Snlphuret  of  Iron  ;  abundant  in  quartz. 

Specular  Q.fide  of  Iron  abounds  in  shining  plates,  in  quartz. 
Oxide  of  Manganese ;  the  compact  ore,  at  the  iron    ore  bed, 

and  in  the  N.  part  of  the  town.  ( -il.  8  255,  to  261.) 
Cummingtonite,  discovered    by  C.  A.  Lee.     It  is  well  charac- 
terized, though   less  beautiful,   than  that  which   is  found  at 
Cummington  and  Plainfield.  (J.  Porter.} 

SAYBROOK. 

Epidote,  crystallized. 

•ftpophyllite  ;  near. 

JLctynolite. 

Afithophyllite.     This  rare  mineral  is  said  to  have   been  found 

near  this  town. 
Chlorite,  in  small  crystals. 
Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  a  small  distance  northerly  from  Pet- 


CONNECTICUT.  109 

lypaug  rn.  h.  in  a  vein  of  quartz  traversing  gneiss,  (C.)  \  a 
m.  E.  of  the  Middlelown  turnpike,  near  the  house  of  the 
Widow  Pratt,  on  the  first  road  on  the  right  hand,  above 
the  turnpike  gate.  (.Si/.  1.242.) 

Sillimanite.  This  mineral,  previously  called  anthophylite,  is  of 
a  dark  grey  color,  passing  into  clove  brown.  It  occurs  in 
rhomboidal  prisms.  It  has  but  one  cleavage,  which  is  par- 
allel to  the  longer  diagonal  of  the  prism.  The  sides  and 
angles  of  the  crystals  are  frequently  rounded.  It  is  harder 
than  quartz, — found  in  a  vein  of  quartz  penetrating  gneiss. 
(»bi7.  8.113.J  This  locality  is  on  the  turnpike  leading  from 
Saybrook  to  Middletown,  not  far  from  2J  m*  beyond  the 
locality  of  molybdena,  in  the  parish  of  Chester,  on  the  left 
hand  of  the  path,  in  a  flat  rock  which  is  chiefly  mica  slate, 
a  few  rods  S.  of  the  Post  Office,  which  is  kept  in  a  room  of 
Denison's  tavern,  near  a  small  stream  running  into  the  Con- 
necticut,— crystallized  in  veins  of  quartz.  (SiL  8.195.) 
The  writer  is  informed  that  the  above  mineral  was  previ- 
ously named  in  Europe,  and  has  been  since  known  there 
by  the  name  of  Me  Clellanite. 

SHARON. 

Zircon,  in  detached  pieces  of  quartz,  in  4  sided  prisms,  ter- 
minated by  pyramids,  dark  brown  color,  and  rarely  exceed- 
ing ^  an  inch  in  length. 

Graphite,  strongly  resembling  molybdena.  (C.) 

SIMSBURY. 

Prehnite,  near ;  between  this  and  Wintonbury  it  is  abundant 
in  mammillary  masses,  either  loose  or  imbedded  in  green- 
stone ;  sometimes  it  lines  the  whole  internal  surface  of  cav- 
ities in  greenstone,  and  is  associated  with 

Crystallized  Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  near 

Pyritous  Copper,  with 

Native  Copper,  and  the 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  are  found  in  the  greenstone  mountains, 
which  extend  from  New  Haven  through  Cheshire,  Simsbu- 
ry,  &c.  (C.) 

SOMERS. 

Coal  (SiL  3.248.) 


110  CONNECTICUT. 

SOUTHBUKT. 

Rose  Red  Quarto,  of  n  delicate  color,  and  formiii!:  nn 

ed  mass,  (C.)  4  m.  S.  E  from  Smith's  inn,  ami  about  3  m. 
S.  W.  of  the  m.  h.  This  rose  quartz  forms  a  bed  in  gra- 
nite. 

Staurotide,  crystals  crossing  at  right  angles,  (SiL  5.4 1.)  3J 
m.  S.  W.  from  Smith's  inn. 

Amethytt,  crystallized,  color  uniform  and  very  beautiful,  (SiL 
6.250.)  1  m.  W.  from  Smith's  inn  :  rare. 

Chalcedony,  of  a  beautiful  blue,  covered  frequently  by  botry- 
oidai  concretions  of 

Cacholoiig. 

Common  Opal,  of  an  inferior  quality. 

Agatized  Wood.  It  is  principally  horostone  ;  its  ravitirs  are 
lined  with  minute  quartz,  crystals  and  layers  of  chalcedony, 
3  m.  S.  W.  from  Smith's  inn ;  abundant. 

Agate,  in  nodules  composed  of  layers  of  blue  and  white  chal- 
cedony, which  layers  are  principally  incrustations  of  a  sol- 
id nucleus  of  quartz,  and  are  often  quite  handsome.  ($il. 
6.250.) 

Prehnite,  occasionally  found,  2  m.  N.  W.  from  Smith's  inn. 

Fibrous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in 

Bituminous  Limestone,  (SiL  6.251.)  3  m.  S.  W.  from  Smith's 
inn  ;  abundant. 

Mineral  Caoutchouc,  in  veins  in  satin  spar,  or  fibrous  lime- 
stone, which  forms  layers  running  parallel  with,  and  lying 
between  those  of 

Bituminous  Slate,  or  Shale,  which  contains  small  veins  of 

Coal,  (SiL  6.370.)  3  m.  S.  W.  from  Smith's  inn  ;  abundant. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime ;  extremely  fetid  by  percussion  ; 
abundant,  same  place.  In  South  Britain  Parish. 

Crystallized  Quartz,  I  in.  W.  from  Smith's  inn. 

Jasper,  red,  spotted^  brown  and  black  ;  also  chalcedony,  agate, 
common  opal,  and  prehnite  are  occasionally  found  on  the 
diluvial  hills. 

Mca,  Prismatic,  and  green  in  different  places  ;  abundant. 

Beryl,  2  m.  S.  from  Smith's  inn  ;  rare. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  31  m.  S.  W.  from  Smith's  inn,  in  South 
Britain  Parish  ;  rare.  (*#.  L.  Smith.) 

SOUTH1NGTON. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  forming  in  part  the  gangue  of  a  vein  of 


CONNECTICUT.  Ill 

Hnlphvrct  of  Lead,  which  is  associated  with 

Pyritous  Copper.  The  barytes  often  presents  tlie  crested  va- 
riety ;  the  same  VOKI  contains  numerous,  shining,  black 
spots  of 

Coal,  enveloped  in  a  white  gnngne  of  barytes  and  quartz.  (C.) 
This  locality  is  on  what  is  called  the  ('lark  faun. 

Bituminous  Shale,  embracing  veins  of  coal  on  ihe  land  of 
Rosvvell  Mooro,  Esq.  about  midway  between  Hartford  and 
New  Haven.  (Sil.  1.240.) 

Yellow  Blende^  and 

Crystallized  Carbonate  of  Lime.  (Sil.  5.4 1 .) 

Common  Chalcedony,  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  C.216.J 

llonistone,  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  G.218.) 

SUFFIELD. 

Coal,  bituminous,  in  thin  veins  in  rocks  of  slate  and  argilla- 
ceous sandstone  on  the  banks  of  Suffield  river.  It  is  much 
intersected  by  thin  veins  of  crystallized 

Calcareous  Spar.  (Sil.  1.239.) 

TALCOT  MOUNTAIN.   See  FARMINGTON. 
TOLLAND. 

Staurotide,  in  large  crystals,  often  forming  the  cross,  with 

Garnets,  which  are  found  here  nearly  rose  red,  and  remarka- 
bly transparent,  in  mica  slate 

Epidote  ;  olive  green 

Graphite,  disseminated  in  rolled  masses  of  granite  and  gneiss. 
(C.) 

TORRINGTON. 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  regular  crystals.  (C.) 

TRUMBULL. 

Magnetical  Pyrites,  abundant  in  the  bismuth  vein.  (Sil.  1.49.) 

WALLINGFORD. 

Amethyst.  (C.) 

WASHINGTON. 

Granular  Limestone,  forming  beds  in  gneiss.  Marble,  quar- 
ried here  is  white,  highly  crystalline,  sometimes  large  grain- 


CONNECTICUT. 

ed,  and  sometimes  so  fine  grained  that  the  mass  resembles 
loaf  sugar.  Some  of  it  belongs  to  the  variety  called  statua- 
ry marble. 

Argentine,  in  primitive  limestone. 

Dolomite. 

Limpid  Quartz.  A  mass  of  transparent  quartz  was  found  in 
this  town,  now  in  the  cabinet  of  Yale  College,  which  ap- 
pears to  be  a  fragment  of  an  immense  crystal,  and  probably 
weighs  between  200  and  300  Ib. 

Garnet,  in  dodecaedrons  in  mica  slate. 

Epidote,  in  olive  green  prisms,  with  rounded  edges,  associat- 
ed with  feldspar. 

Tremolite,  both  in  dolomite  and  granular  limestone  ;  in  flat, 
prismatic  crystals,  or  in  very  beautiful,  fibrous,  and  radiated 
masses,  with  the  aspect  of  white  silk. 

Asbestus,  the  common  variety,  and 

Amianthus. 

Augite. 

Kaolin,  in  small  quantities.  (C.) 

Plumose  Mica.  (Sil.  6.251.) 

WATERBURT. 

Alum,  in  decomposed  mica  slate  ;    abundant.  (Sil.  3.240.) 

WATERTOWN. 

Granular  Limestone  ;  beds  in  gneiss  and  mica  slate. 

Cyanite,  in  loose  masses  of  granite,  with 

Garnets. 

Mica,  radiated  or  plumous  (C.)  Very  beautiful,  and  abun- 
dant in  very  fine  graphic  gianite,  3  m.  W. 

Alum,  abundant  on  mica  slate. 

Dolomite,  and  granular  limestone,  4  m.  on  the  turnpike  to 
Plymouth. 

Limpid  Quartz,  massive  and  crystallized,  2  m.  N. 

Chalcedony. 

Hornsione. 

Agate,  beautiful  specimens. 

Zeolite,  radiated. 

Bladed  Tremolite,  in  dolomite  and  granular  limestone. 

Hornblende,  massive.  (A.  S.  Monson.) 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (C.  A.  Lee.) 


CONNECTICUT.  113 

WESTF1ELD.       See  MIDDLETOWN. 
WEST   HAVEN. 

Slaty  Chlorite,  near.  It  forms  extensive  strata,  sometimes  al- 
most passing  into 

Clay  Slate;  but  at  the  beach  1  m.  below  West  Haven,  it  is  de- 
cidedly chlorite  slate,  and  abounds  with 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  minute,  octaedral  crystals. 

Iron  Sand,  on  the  beach  which  forms  the  margin  of  the  sea- 
shore. It  is  highly  magnetic,  uncommonly  pure,  and  has 
very  obviously  proceeded  from  the  disintegration  of  the 
chlorite  slate  contiguous  to  the  beach  ;  abundant.  (C.) 

WESTON. 

Garnet,  in  large,  perfect,  dodecaedral  crystals,  in  mica  slate 
(C.) 

WOODBRIDGE. 

Flint,  in  masses,  penetrated  by  white  veins  and  spots  of 

Calcareous  Spar.  (C.) 

Fetid  Quartz  has  been  found  in  several  places  from  this  to 
Bellows  Falls  in  N.  JL,  a  distance  of  150  m.,  in  loose,  roll- 
ed masses.  (Sil.  6.215.) 

Grey  Limestone,  of  a  slaty  structure,  associated  with  trap 
rocks,  on  the  turnpike  from  New  Haven  to  Litchfield,  5 
m.  from  Woodbridge. 

Sulphur et  of  Iron,  in  greenstone  slate.  (A.  S.  Monson.) 

WOODBURY. 

Agate,  in  secondary  greenstone. 

Mica,  violet. 

Prehnite,  in  mammillary,  botryoidal,  and  almost  globular  mass- 
es, of  a  delicate  green,  in  secondary  greenstone,  very  abun- 
dant. 

Stilbite,  well  characterized  in  secondary  greenstone. 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  near,  in  gneiss  (C.)  ;  24  m.  N. 
of  New  Haven. 

Amethyst.  (Sil.  6.250.) 

Plumose  Mica.  (Sil.  6.251.) 

Calcareous  Spar;  fragments  at  the  prehnite  locality.  (A.  S. 
Monson.) 

15 


114 


NEW  YORK. 


ALBANY. 

Basanite,  a  green  variety  occurs  connected  with 
Clay  Slate,  at  "  Crystal  hill,"  3  m.  below  Albany.  (C.) 
Sinople  Jasper,  (red  ferruginous  quartz)  occurs  in  this  Co.  (E.) 
Calcareous  Sinter. 
Calcareous  Tufa. 
Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized. 
Bituminous  Shale.  (Webster.) 

Course  Heliotrope,  in  a  bed  of  considerable  extent,  3  or  4  m. 
below  the  city.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

AMENIA. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (C.) 

Iron  Ore  ;  beds  of  iron  ore  are  found,  nearly  parallel  with 
the  W.  boundary  of  Mass.  Beds  of  this  ore  are  found  on 
the  same  line  N.  of  Bennington,  at  least  to  Brandon,  Vt. 
and  southward  to  Amenia.  (Sil.  8.30.) 

AMSTERDAM. 

Calcareous  Tufa.  (Webster.) 

ANCRAM. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  ;  the  ore  is  very  rich. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  near,  (C.) 

Ancramite,  or  Green  Oxide  of  Zinc,  a  new  and  rich  ore,  dis- 
covered in  the  foundation  of  an  old  house  ;  also  in  the  old 
walls  of  the  furnace,  erected  in  1744.  (&/.  5.235,  &  399.) 
This  new  ore  is  cadmia,  an  artifical  product  of  the  furnace, 
and  is  still  formed  at  the  iron  works  near  Salisbury.  (J.  Jl. 
JV.  S.  P.  2.289.)  The  lead  mine  lies  in  the  S.  E.  part  of 
the  town  in  a  hill  of 

Clan  Slate,  and  transition,  or 

Metalliferous  Limestone  ;  some  of  the  slate  is  glazed  like  that 
of  Troy,  and  closely  resembles  bituminous  shale.  The  ga- 
lena occurs  in  a  vein  nearly  vertical.  It  is  argentiferous. 
It  contains  imbedded  an  abundance  of  clear,  perfect 


NEW  YORK.  115 

Quartz  Crystals,  often  in  small  geodes.  Besides  galena  the 
following  minerals  occur : — 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  veins  of  considerable  thickness,  in  the 
argillite  and  limestone — the  concreted,  granular,  and  com- 
pact. In  some  places  it  forms  the  gangue  for  the  galena. 

Milky  Quartz,  often  beautifully  tinged  with  malachite  in  den- 
drific  forms. 

Radiated  Quartz,  associated  with  copper,  blende,  and  galena. 

Fetid  Quartz  forms  a  gangue  for  the  blende. 

Clay,  of  a  greyish  color,  from  the  decomposed  slate. 

Pyritous  Copper,  abundant,  mostly  massive,  sometimes  in 
small  regular  crystals,  connected  with  the  blende ;  it  is 
sometimes  a  bluish  color,  which  is  the 

Black  Copper  of  Jameson. 

Suipkuret  of  Iron,  in  small  cubes  in  the  argillite,  and  also 
a^moi  phous.  (SiL  8.250.J 

Molybdate  of  Lead  ?  in  small,  tabular  crystals,  rare. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  ;  brown  is  most  abundant,  yellow  not  un- 
common, lustre  splendent  and  metallic,  generally  associated 
with  quartz.  (Si/  8.249.) 

Hematite.  (Webster.) 


Phosphate  of  Lime,  asparagus  stone,  in  sulphuret  of  iron. 
Phosphate  of  lirne,  under  some  of  its  varieties,  is  found  in. 
most  of  the  mines  of  magnetic  iron  in  New  York;  it  is  of- 
ten in  yellowish  white,  or  reddish  grains. 

Hornblende,  in  large  tabular  masses,  with  pyrites  and  phos- 
phate of  lime. 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  large  quantities,  mingled  with 

Common  Pyrites,  and  phosphate  of  lirne. 

Red  Hematite,  a  few  m.  S.  from  Ticonderoga ;  it  occurs 
mammillary,  botryoidal,  &c.  (C.) 

Sulphate  of  Barytes, 

Calcareous  Spar,  and 

dsbestus,  are  frequently  found  in  this  vicinity.  (SiL  5.28.J 

ARGYLE. 

Satin  Spar.  (Webster.} 

AURORA. 

Calcareous  Sinter,  concreted.  (Webster.) 


116  NEW  YORK. 


Crystallized  Calcareous  .Spar,  in  veins,  inlaid  in  a 

Black  Slate,  which  effervesces   with  acids,  forming  a  striking 

feature,  both   by  their  contrast  of  color,  and  by  their  zigzag 

windings.  (SiL  4.42.) 

y  containing  planorbis  and  helix.   (Webster.) 


BALLSTON. 

Carbonic  Acid,  contained  in  the  water  of  the  springs,  100  cubic 
inches  of  water  contain  about  100  cubic  inches  of  gas.  (C.) 
Amianthus,  Quartz,  and 
Graphite.  (Webster.} 

BARNAGAT. 

Metalliferous  Limestone,  near  the  N.  side  of  the  Highlands,  of 
a  bluish  grey  color,  somewhat  granulated,  and  often  travers- 
ed by  veins  of  white 

Calcareous  Spar.  It  is  often  cellular,  and  contains  numerous 
geodes,  lined  with  crystals  of  quartz.  The  great  sloop 
lock  in  Troy,  called  Schuyler's  lock,  is  built  of  this  lime 
rock.  (Sfl.  5.234.) 

BATAVIA. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lwie.  (C.) 

BATH. 

Sulphuret  of  Hydrogen,  issuing  from  a  spring,  opposite  Alba- 
ny. (SiL  8.31.)  ' 

BERN. 

Compact  Limestone,  at  Foxen-kill,  containing  shells,  and  em- 

bracing 
Hornstone,  usually  in  layers,  which  are  sometimes  of  consid- 

erable extent.  (C.) 

BETHLEHEM. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in 
Compact  Limestone. 

Stalagmite,  in  parallel  layers  on  the  bottom  of  a  cavern. 
Brown  Spar,  in  a  cavern. 

Marl,  containing  from  40  to  85  per  cent,  of  carbonate 
and  embracing  the  voluta  and  helix. 


NEW  YORK.  117 

Hornstone,  near  the  caverns,  in  compact  limestone,  contain- 
ing shells.  (C.) 

Siliceous  Slate.  (Sil.  5.269.) 

Calcareous  Sinter,  in  a  cave.  Lenticular  crystals  of  calcare- 
ous spar. 

Quartz  Crystals. 

Striated  Quartz. 

Flint. 

Green  Jaspery  Slate  ? 

Hornstone. 

Anthracite. 

Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Webster.) 

BLACK  RIVER. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  near.  (C.) 

BLACK  ROCK. 

Limestone,  imbedding 

flint,  which  is  also  found  at  the  Seneca  prairies.  (C.) 

BRIGHTON. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  cubical  crystals,  transparent  and  white, 

with  a  slight  tinge  of  blue,  imbedded  in 
Black  Fetid  Limestone,   forming  a  pleasing   contrast,  in  the 

bottom  of  the   great  Western  canal,  on  the   east  shore  of 

Genesee  river.  (C.) 
Pearl  Spar,  in  fetid  limestone. 
Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  in  fetid  limestone.  (Webster.) 

BRONX  CREEK. 

Zeolite,  in  an  aggregate  of  epidote,  hornblende,   quartz,  &c. 

(C.) 

Woodstone. 

Brown  Tourmaline,  in  feldspar. 
Coccolite. 

Kaolin,  in  granite. 
Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron. 
Sulphuret  ofjMolybdena. 
Red    Oxide  of  Titanium,  in   quartz.  (Webster.)     See  West 

Farms. 

BROOKLYN. 

Jlgate,  on  East  river,  abundant.  (C.  A.  Lee.) 


118  NEW  YORK. 

BUFFALO. 

Pyritous  Shale,  or  pyritiferous  rock,  with  thin,  horizontal  lay- 
ers of 

Bituminous  Coal, 

Alum, 

Sulphate  of  Iron, 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  (epsom  salts,)  and  immense  quantities  of 

Iron  Pyrites.  Thousands  of  petrifactions  may  be  seen  in  it  on 
the  S.  shore  of  lake  Erie,  18  m.  from  Buffalo,  which  con- 
sist wholly  of  iron  pyrites.  This  rock  extends  from  a  con- 
siderable distance  E.  of  the  S.  end  of  Cayuga  lake  to  lake 
Erie,  and  many  miles  along  the  S.  shore  of  the  latter  lake. 
(Sil.  8.191.) 

CALAIS. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

CALDWELL. 

Smoky  Quartz.  (Webster.)  See  George  lake. 

CAMBRIDGE. 

Sm,oky  Quartz,  amorphous. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (Hall.) 

CAMILLUS. 

Compact  Limestone,  or  argillo-ferruginous  limestone. 
Sparry  Gypsum.  (Webster.) 

CANAAN. 

Tabular  Quartz. 

Limestone. 

Siliceous  Limestone. 

Quartz  Crystallized. 

Clay  Slate. 

Sd'phuret  of  Lead,  fine  steel  grained,  in  the  S.  part  of  the 

town,  in  limestone/  Sil.  5.21.) 
Peat.  (Sil. .8.54.) 

CANAJOHARIE. 

Lamellar  Sulphate  ofBarytes, 

Brown  Spar, 

Quartz  Crystals,  with  pyrimids  on  each  end, 


NEW  YORK.  113 

Stalactitic  Quartz, 

Chalcedony, 

Brown  Hornstone,  and  pearly  hornstone, 

Jigate,  in  large  course  masses, 

Petrosilex', 

Anthracite, 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper, 

Sulphurel  of  Lead,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  are  found  in  transition  sand  rock,  which 
crosses  the  canal  in  this  town  and  in  Florida,  10  in.  W.  of 
Scheuectady,  and  W.  of  the  Little  falls  in  Herkimer  Co. 
It  runs  in  a  N  E.  and  S.  W.  direction. 

Transition  Limestone,  containing  numerous  petrifactions,  eve- 
ry where  accompanies  the  before  mentioned  sand  rock. 
(titt.  8.196.) 

CANASERAGA. 

Gypsum,  crystallized,  in  6  sided  prisms.  (Webster.) 

CANTON. 
Compact  Red  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.) 

CARLISLE. 

Fibrous  Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  horizontal  layers,  or  veins, 
traversing  a  soft 

Clay  Slate,  34  m.  W.  from  Albany.  (C.)  This  locality  is 
about  S  m.  in  a  N.  W.  direction  from  the  court  house,  3 
m.  W.  of  the  Snhoharie  Kill,  and  3  m.  S.  W.  from  Sloan's 
village,  in  the  N.  E.  face  of  a  hill  which  crosses  the  farms 
of  Jacob  Dickinson,  Andrew  Griffin,  and  Abraham  Alosier. 
(SU.  2.174.) 

Limestone,  for  water  cement. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  with 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  yellow.  (  Webster.) 

CARTHAGE. 

Chalcedony  is  found  among  the  loose  masses  of  rock  below 

the  Genesee  falls.  (Sil  3  235.) 
Sulphate  of  Magnesia.  (Webster.) 


120  NEW  YORK. 

CATSKILL* 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  slightly  acute  rhombs,  sometimes  trans- 
parent, in  veins  traversing 

Compact  Limestone. 

Fibrous  Limestone  ;  when  polished,  it  resembles  the  satin  spar. 

Agaric  Mineral,  in  thin,  friable  crusts,  attached  to  secondary 
limestone  and 

Marl,  and  sometimes  in  the  cavities  of  shells. 

Alum,  12  m.  W.  from  Catskill,  where  it  incrusts  a  crumbling 
rock,  in  which  it  is  also  disseminated.  Also  on  Catskill 
mountain,  in  argillaceous  sandstone,  extending  4  m.  N. 
from  the  Clove  passage  ;  also  in  the  same  mountain  S. 
W.  from  Cairo,  where  it  occurs  stalactical.  (C.)  Also 
strongly  impregnating  a  small  spring,  during  winter  and 
spring,  which  issues  from  a  ledge  of  clay  slate,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  mountain,  which  rises  immediately  N.  of  Kaat- 
erskill  cove,  and  about  a  J  of  a  m.  from  Mr.  Absalom 
Smith's.  The  water  on  arriving  at  the  surface  of  the  rock, 
deposits  the  alum  in  the  form  of  powder,  which  is  collect- 
ed and  employed  without  further  preparation,  as  a  substi- 
tute for  imported  alum.  (SiL  4.249.J 

Crystallized  Quartz  occurs  at  Diamond  hill  in  yellowish  clay, 
between  layers  of  grey  wacke,  which  alternates  with 

Clay  Slate.  The  crystals  of  quartz,  some  of  which  weigh  2 
or  3  Ib.  are  very  short  6  sided  prisms,  terminated  by  pyra- 
mids, and  sometimes  contain  veins  or  layers  of  clay,  and 
frequently  embrace  cavities  containing  a  liquid,  a  bubble  of 
air,  and  some  black  or  brown  particles.  (C.) 

Flint, 

Hornstone,  and 

Pitchstone,  (which  is  more  abundant  than  the  two  former,)  on 
the  hill  between  the  town  and  the  Hudson,  in  veins  on  the 
surface,  or  in  veins  in 

Wacke,  which  is  the  principal  rock  in  this  vicinity.  (SiL 
2.13.) 

Calcareous  Tufa,  in  extensive  beds  and  rocks,  deposited  by 
streams  issuing  from  caverns  in  limestone  hills  in  this  vi- 
cinity ;  also  several  beds  of  rich  marl.  (SiL  3.23G.) 

Sulphur,  in  the  fissures  of  the  rocks,  where  alum  occurs. 

Malachite,  about  2  m.  E.  of  the  mountains,  with  quartz  and 

Sulphate  of  Barytes. 


NEW  YORK.  121 

Specular  Iron,  in    small   quantities   in    detached    masses  of 

quartz.  (Sil  4.250.J 
Sulphate  of  Lead. 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  and  lenticular  crystals  of  calcareous   spar, 

near  Catskill.  (Sil.  5.266.) 

CAYUGA  CO. 

Compact  Limestone,  for  water  cement,  (C.)  or  argillo-ferrugi- 
nous  limestone.  (Sil.  3.230.) 

CAYUGA  LAKE. 

Gypsum,  near;  several  thousand  tons  are  annually  exported 
from  this' vicinity  to  Pennsylvania. 

Laminated  Selenite,  and 

Fibrous  Gypsum,  are  associated  with  the  more  common  vari- 
ety, and  the  color  of  this  selenite  is  often  very  dark.  (C.) 

CELERON  ISLAND.       See  ERIE  LAKE. 
CHAMPION. 

Agaric  Mineral.  (C.) 

CHAMPLAIN  LAKE. 

Phosphate  of  Lime.  Asparagus  stone,  near,  in  minute,  red- 
dish brown  crystals,  with  oxide  of  iron. 

Opalescent  Feldspar,  near,  in  an  iron  mine. 

Jlpophyllite,  near. 

Sahlite,  near. 

Graphite,  near,  where  it  is  sometimes  in  rhomboidal,  or  hex- 
aedral  laminae,  with  mica  and  carbonate  of  lime.  (C.)  It 
occurs  also  at  "Split-rock,"  in  sienite.  (Hall.) 

Antimonicd  Grey  Copper,  near,  in  primitive  rocks. 

Magnetic  Sulphuret  of  Iron  frequently  occurs  in  the  iron  mines 
on  the  west  side  of  the  lake. 

Magnetic  Oxide  oj  Iron,  occurs  in  immense  quantities  on  the 
W.  side  of  the  lake,  in  granitic  mountains,  in  beds  from  1  to 
20 feet  thick,  and  generally  unmixed  with  foreign  substances. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  near,  in  primitive  rocks.  (C.) 

Favosite.  (Sil.  7.59.) 

Mularia,  on  the  margin  of  the  lake  at  a  place  called  "  Split- 
rock."  It  occupies  small,  round  cavities  in  sienite,  and  al- 
so in 

16 


122  NEW  YORK. 

Compact  Limestone. 

Tabular  Spar,  on  Split-rock,  beautiful  and  abundant. 

Hypersthene,    10   rods   VV.  of  Split-rock,  in    coarse   sienite. 

Crystals,  often  an  inch  or  more  in  diameter,  and  2  or  3  in 

length.    (Hall.) 

CHATHAM. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  an  amorphous  mass  more  than  100  feet  in 
diameter,  with  hexaedral  crystals  disseminated.  (C.) 

Rhomboidal  Quartz,  (Sil.  5.2 1.) 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized.  (Sil.  8.37.J 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  flattened  or  spheroidal  masses,  with  ra- 
diations from  the  centre,  and  the  masses  often  divide  by  a 
natural  seam  into  equal  portions.  It  is  sometimes  capilla- 
ry. (Sil.  8.54.) 

CHERRY  VALLEY. 

Selenite  occurs  with 
Gypsum.  (Hall,) 

CHITTENINGO. 

Mineralized  Wood.  A  fossil  tree  was  found  lying  about  ^  a 
m.  from  the  village,  at  the  base  of  the  Conasewago  moun- 
tains, within  a  few  yards  of  a  branch  of  the  Erie  canal, 
which  runs  up  to  the  village.  Vast  quantities  of  mineralized 
wood,  both  in  small  and  large  masses,  are  scattered  in  all 
directions  around  the  stump. 

Hydraulic  Limestone,  and  beautiful 

Lamellar  Gypsum  are  found  ,in  this  neighbourhood. 

Sulphur;  about  2  m  from  the  village,  a  spring  of  water  is 
so  highly  charged  with  it,  that  branches  of  trees  thrown  in- 
to it,  soon  become  incrusted  with  that  mineral.  (Sil.  5.251.) 

CITY  OF  NEW  YORK.       See  NEW  YORK  CITY. 
CLAVERACK. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  a  vein  has  recently  been  discovered.  (C.) 

CLINTON. 

Brown  Spar;  near  Hamilton  College. 

Anthracite,  near  Hamilton  College,  in  cavities  of  quartz ;  it  is 
black,  friable,  has  an  earthy  texture,  and  soils  the  fissures. 


NEW  YORK.  123 

Sulphur  et  of  Zinc,  near  the  College;   it  occurs  in  beautiful, 

wax  yellow,  and  nearly  transparent  crystals.  (C.) 
Peat  and 
Marl.  (Sil.  1.139.) 

COEYMANS. 

Compact  Limestone,  a  light  brown,  or  grey  marble,  variegat- 
ed by  whitish  fossil  remains  of  the  anomia,  entrochite, 
&c.  it  is  hard,  and  does  not  receive  a  good  polish. 

Marl,  containing  40  to  85  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime,  and 
embracing  the  voluta  and  helix. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  in  an  alluvial  bed  20  or  30  feet  thick, 
where  it  effloresces  on  the  sides  of  excavations,  made  by 
rivulets,  or  for  roads,  &c.  ;  also  10  m.  N.  W.  on  the  E.  face 
of  the  Helderberg,  in  acicular  crystals,  and  effloresces  on  a 
calcareous  sandstone,  which  rests  on  secondary,  compact 
limestone.  (C.) 

Calcareous  Spar.  (Webster.} 

COHOES. 

Basanite,  near,  on  the  Mohawk,  and  in  various  places  between 

the  Mohawk  and  Dutches  Co.,  associated  with 
Clay  Slate,  with  which  it  alternates.  (C.) 
Calcareous  Spar,  in  lenticular  crystals.  (Webster.) 

COLD   SPRING. 

Stilbite,'m  feldspar,  a  specimen  so  labelled,  from  Maj.Delafield. 

Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Coccolite. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand.  (Webster.} 

COLUMBIA  CO. 

Milky  quartz.  (C.) 

Sinople  Jasper.  (E.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  a  very  rich  ore,  mixed  with 

Pyrites,  is   found   in   abundance   in  the   southern  part  of  the 

county,  not  far  from  the  Ancrarn  iron  works.  (Sil.  5.21.) 
Chlorite  Slate,  abundant.  (Sil.  8.52.)     See  Livingston's  lead 

mine. 

Wacke.  (Sil.  8.258.) 
Argillaceous  Red  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Argillaceous  Schistose  Iron  Stone.  (Webster.*) 


124  NEW  YORK. 

CONCORD. 

Black  Tourmaline, 

Feldspar,  common,  crystalline, 

Malaria, 

Petuntze, 

Garnets, 

Graphite,  foliated,  in  small  scales,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  are  found  in  massive  granite,  which 
occurs  in  an  extensive  ridge,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Sacandaga 
river,  and  not  far  from  the  road,  leading  from  Edinburgh 
to  Hadley,  of  a  beautiful  flesh  color,  consisting  mostly  of 
feldspar.  (Steel.) 

CORINTH. 

Yellow  Earth,  near  the  foot  of  the  Kayaderosseras  mountain, 
on  the  farm  of  Judge  Cowles,  fine  quality,  and  is  said  to 
occur  in  great  abundance.  By  heat  it  is  converted  into 
what  is  called  English  or  Prussian  red.  (Steel.) 

CONSTITUTION  ISLAND.     See  WEST  POINT. 

CORLAER'S  HOOK. 

Concreted  Carbonate  of  Lime,  (oolite,)  near  the  city,  in  alluvi- 
al deposit ;  it  consists  of  aggregated  globules,  about  the 
size  of  mustard  seed,  and  composed  of  concentric  layers. 

Basanite,  in  detached  masses  in  alluvial  soil. 

JManganesian  Garnet,  in  small,  brownish,  nearly  opaque,  ag- 
gregated crystals,  in  primitive  rocks. 

JLsbestus ;  it  is  sometimes  plumous,  presenting  on  its  fracture, 
delicate  filaments,  arranged  in  the  form  of  feathers. 

Actynolite.  The  asbestous  or  acicular  variety  occurs  green, 
with  a  tinge  of  yellow  or  blue.  (C.) 

Apatite,  crystallized  and  amorphous,  in  granite,  chiefly  in  the 
feldspar,  (Sil.  1.236.) 

Graphite,  in  a  calcareo-siliceous  gangue.  (Sil.  1.237.) 

Epidotc,  in  beautiful  crystals,  in  a  rock  composed  of  schorl, 
quartz,  cubic  crystals  of  carbonate  of  lime,  indicolite,  Sic. 
and  an  ore  which  probably  contains  nickel.  (Sil.  2.241.) 

Madreporite,  found  50  feet  below  the  surface.  (Sil.  5.267.) 

CROWN  POINT. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  apatite,   near,   in   clove    brown,   6  sided 


NEW  YORK.  125 

prisms,  generally  {  of  an  inch  long,  in  granular  oxide  of  iron. 
Green  Diallage,  near  lake  Cham  plain. 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,   very   abundant.     (See  lake  Cham- 

plain.)     Large  beds  of  this  ore  extend,  with  little  interrup- 

tion, from  Canada  to  the  vicinity  of  New  York.  The  ore  at 

this  place  is  most  esteemed.  (C.) 
Ammonite,  on  the  surface  of 
Secondary  Limestone,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fortifications.    They 

are  from  |  an  inch  to  2  inches   in  diameter,  very  frangible, 

and  cannot  be  detached    entire   from   the   rocks,  without  a 

mallet  and  chisel.  (Sil.  7.58.) 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Verd  Antique  ?  2  or  3  m.  N.  from   the  fort,  on  the  W.  shore 

of  lake  Champlain.  (Hall.) 

DANUBE. 

Quartz  Crystals.  (Webster.) 

DAUPHNY. 

Quartz  Crystals,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  ;  specimens   so  labelled,   from   Maj.  Dela- 
field. 

DELHI. 

Clay,  near,  of  fine  quality,  in  beds.  (Sil.  1.242.) 

DIAMOND  ISLE.        See  GEORGE   LAKE. 
DIAMOND  POINT.       See  GEORGE  LAKE. 
DUTCHES   CO. 

Calcareous  Spar,  laminated  and  associated  with  quartz.  (C.) 
Peat,  soft,  viscid,  dark   brown,  burns   with  a  bright  flame,  of 

the  compact  variety,  and  excellent  quality,  abundant. 
Marl,  a  stratum  from  2  to  3  feet  thick,  underlaying  the  peat. 

(Sil.  1.139.) 

Granular  Limestone,  associated  with  great  quantities  of 
Dolomite,  and 
Magnesian  Limestone,  along  the  east  side  of  the  county.  (Sil. 

8.241.) 
Sulphuret  aj  Lead  occurs  in   several  places   in  this  Co.  (Sil. 

8.260.) 


U7BRSrT 

• 


NEW  YORK. 

Graphite. 

Arsenical  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  quartz.  (Webster.) 

ERIE  LAKE. 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  at  the  S.  W.  extremity  of  the  lake, 
on  Moss  Island,  near  Put-in-Bay,  and  nearly  1  m.  W.  from 
the  South  Bass  island  ;  it  occurs  both  massive,  and  in  6  sid- 
ed or  rhomboidal  prisms,  more  or  less  transparent,  in 

Compact  Limestone,  containing  shells.  (C.)  Sulphate  of  Stron- 
tian  occurs  in  a  vein,  in  a  perpendicular  cliff  of  limestone, 
about  50  feet  high,  and  midway  between  its  base  and  sum- 
mit ;  it  commences  with  a  thickness  of  4  feet,  extends  about 
50  feet,  nearly  parallel  to  the  surface  of  the  lake,  and  ter- 
minates at  a  thickness  of  1  foot.  Where  it  begins,  it  con- 
sists of  the  compact  crystallized  variety,  but  distinct  crys- 
tals cannot  be  obtained.  The  vein  terminates  in  the  folia- 
ted and  fibrous  variety.  A  quantity  of  distinct  crystals  were 
found  in  a  cavity  in  the  massive  end  of  the  vein.  (Sil. 
4.279.)  This  locality  is  at  the  upper  end  of  lake  Erie,  4  m. 
from  Put-in-Bay  harbour,  and  4  m.  from  the  nearest  main 
land,  on  a  solitary,  oblong  island,  with  precipitous  sides  of 
about  60  feet  high  ;  the  S.  end  covered  with  trees.  About 
the  middle  of  the  E.  side,  in  the  face  of  the  cliff,  limestone, 
the  strontian  occurs  in  a  mass,  about  4  yards  by  3  in  ex- 
tent, ramifying  every  where,  but  more  plentiful  in  the  hori- 
zontal direction  ;  in  promiscuously  aggregated  bundles  of 
crystals  united  laterally,  from  1  to  4  inches  long.  Drusy 
cavities  are  numerous  in  the  mass  ;  here  the  crystals  are 
perfect,  and  of  enormous  size  ;  one  weighed  6  lb.  Folia- 
ted Celestine  also  occurs  on  the  island  of  Celeron  and  Grosse 
isle,  at  the  mouth  of  Detroit  river,  where  it  appears  to  have 
combined  in  some  places  with  the  limestone.  (Sil.  4.281.) 

Sulphuret  of  Mercury  occurs  in  the  soil  in  the  form  of  a  black 
and  red  sand,  but  is  usually  more  abundant  in  banks  of  fine 
ferruginous  clay,  on  the  shores  of  the  Detroit  river,  and 
lake  Erie  to  the  mouth  of  Vermillion  river,  where  it  is  in 
the  form  of  a  very  fine  red  powder,  or  in  grains,  and  small 
masses,  disseminated  in  clay.  It  yields  by  distillation, 
about  60  per  cent,  of  mercury.  (C.) 

Argillaceous  Iron,  embracing  shells  and  other  animal  remains, 
in  the  bed  of  Rocky  river,  25  m.  S.  from  lake  Erie.  (Sil. 
1.239.) 


NEW  YORK.  127 

Iron  Sand,  on  the  shore  of  lake  Erie,  near  the  river  Ashta- 
bula,  in  considerable  quantity.  (SU.  2.238.) 

Sulphate  of  Barijtes.  (Sit.  2.241.)  This  mineral,  on  exami- 
nation, proves  to  be  Sulphate  of  Strontian,  and  is  found  in 
Mouse  island,  which  lies  about  1  m.  W.  of  Bass,  or  Put-in- 
Bay  island.  (fet/.  3.363.) 

ESSEX  CO. 

Green  Coccolite,  in  bluish  crystallized 
Carbonate  of  Lime,  very  beautiful.  (SU.  5.269.) 

FAIRFIELD. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  beautiful  transparent  crystals,   with  pyra- 
mids at  both  ends.  (C.) 
Sulphate  of  Barytes,  lamellar.  (Webster.} 

FARMINGTON. 

Sulphuric  Acid,  at  Clifton  springs,  1 1  m.  from  Geneva,  mixed 
with  native  sulphur,  from  which  it  may  be  extracted  by  wa- 
ter. 

Sulphur,  deposited  from  the  waters  of  Clifton  springs,  in 
grains.  Moss,  and  other  vegetables,  over  which  the  water 
Hows,  become  incrusted  with  sulphur.  (C.) 

Petroleum,  at  the  Clifton  springs.  (Webster.) 

FISHKILL. 

Garnet,  near,  rose  colored.  (C.) 

FISHKILL  MOUNTAINS.  •  .* 

Compact  Feldspar,  in  these  mountains,  and  different  parts  of 
the  Highlands,  in  veins  traversing  gneiss.  (C.) 

^ 

FLORIDA. 

Lamellar  Sulphate  oj  Barytes, 

Brown  Spar, 

Quartz  Crystals,  with  pyramids  on  each  end, 

Stalactitic  Quartz, 

Chalcedony, 

Brown  Hornston?,  and  pearly  hornstonej 

Jlgate,  large  masses  of  coarse 

Petrosilex, 


128  NEW  YORK. 

Anthracite, 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper, 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  are  found  in  a  transition  sand  rock,  which 

crosses  the  canal  in  this  town,  10   in.  W.  of  Schenectady  ; 

also  in  Canajoharie,  and  W.  of  the  Little  falls  in  Herkimer 

Co.     It  runs  in  a  N.  E.  and  S.  W.  direction. 
Transition    Limestone,    with   numerous     petrifactions,    every 

where  accompanies  the  before    mentioned  sand  rock.  (Sit. 

8.196.) 
Calcareous  Spar,  white,  black,  and  red.  (Webster.) 

.      FORT  LEE. 

Pyritous  Copper,  near  the  fort,  on  the  Hudson,  in  the  beds  of 
streams,  proceeding  from  the  neighboring  hills;  it  occurs 
in  quartz,  or  in  a  breccia,  with 

Fibrous  Carbonate  of  Copper,  and 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.) 

FORT  PUTNAM.    See  WEST  POINT. 
GALEN. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  in  a  spring,  productive.  (C.) 
Bitumen,  and 
Petroleum.  (Webster.) 

GALWAY. 

Compact  Limestone,  dark  blue  color. 

Sulphate  of  Lime ,  (gypsum,)  occurs  in  a  spring  on  the  farm 
of  Earl  Stimpson,  Esq.  (Steel  ) 

GENESEE. 

Quartz,  in  alluvial  soil,  in  very  minute,  shining  prisms,  termi- 
nated by  pyramids.  (C.) 

GENESEO. 

Bituminous  Coal,  of  superior  quality,  in  a  vein  taken  from  the 

face  of  a  cliff  50  feet  in  height,  composed  of  a  dark  colored, 

Calcareous  Slate,  which  by  friction   emits  a   fetid  odour,  near 

a  brook  called  Quisequagh,  about  8  m.  from  Geneseo.  (SiL 

7.56.) 


NEW  YORK. 

GENEVA. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand.  ( Webster.) 

GEORGE,  LAKE. 

Calcareous  Spar,  on  Diamond  island,  in  short  6  sided  prisms, 
with  3  sided  summits,  with  quartz  in 

Secondary  Limestone. 

Limpid  Quartz,  on  the  islands  in  lake  George,  in  very  beau- 
tiful, transparent  crystals,  which  are  generally  6  sided 
prisms,  often  w:th  pyramidal  terminations.  These  crystals, 
sometimes  5  inches  long,  occur  loose,  or  in  cavities  in  a 
quartzy  gangue. 

JEpidote,  on  the  W.  shore,  8  m.  from  Ticonderoga,  it  occurs 
compact,  and  deep  yellow,  with  a  shade  of  green. 

Silico  Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near,  in  clove  brown 
crystals,  in  an  aggregate  of  feldspar,  and  hornblende  with 
graphite. 

Graphite,  near,  in  primitive  rocks  ;  sometimes  in  very  com- 
pact masses,  weighing  12  Ib  (C.) 

Compact  Dove  colored  Limestone,  apparently  of  the  transition 
class,  forms  ledges  at  the  head  of  lake  George,  and  the  walls 
of  old  fort  George  are  composed  of  it.  The  quartz  crys- 
tals in  the  islands  of  the  S.  end  of  lake  George,  are  most 
abundant  on  Diamond  island,  3  or  4  in.  from  the  village  of 
Caldwell,  where  they  are  found  in  the  same  compact  lime- 
stone which  forms  the  ledges  above  mentioned.  (Sil.  4.44  ) 

Calcareous  Spar,  very  brilliant,  rhombic  masses  present  them- 
selves in  the  rocks  on  the  island,  supposed  to  be 

Rhomb  Spar.  Quartz  crystals  are  found  at  a  place  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  lake,  called  Diamond  Point,  in  the  same  rock 
as  on  the  island,  with  portions  of 

Chalcedony, 

Hornstone  and 

Agate.  (Sil.  4.45.) 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  very  abundant  around  the  head  of  lake 
George,  of  a  fine  glossy  black.  (Sil.  4.46.) 

Hozmatite  abounds  in  the   primitive  mountains,  around  lake 

George.     That  from  a  promontory,  called  Anthony's  Nose, 

a  few  m.  S.  of  Ticonderoga,  and  nearly  opposite  to  Rogers' 

Rock,  is  ground  and  used  as  a  substitute  for  emery.     It  is 

17 


130  NEW  YORK. 

handsome  and  well  characterized  ;  compact,  lamellar,  fi- 
brous, mammillary,  botryoidal,  &ic. 

Feldspar,  flesh  red,  in  very  large  plates  in  granite ;  and  com- 
pact epidote,  in  loose  stones,  of  a  chrome  yellow,  but  with 
a  shade  of  green,  on  the  W.  shore  of  lake  George,  8  m. 
from  Ticonderoga,  where  may  be  found 

Garnet,  and 

Black  Tourmaline.  (Sil.  4.47.) 


Satin  Spar,  in  thin,  delicate,  but  extensive  veins,  principally 
in  the  fallen  rocks,  below  the  bridge  ;  generally  of  a  bril- 
liant white,  but  sometimes  it  is  black. 

Rhomb  Spar,  in  well  defined,  glistening  crystals,  occurs  in  the 
Black  Limestone,  at  Glenn's  Falls.  (Sil.  4.44.) 

GLENVILLE. 

Marble,  containing  shells.  (Webster.) 

GRANVILLE. 

Marble,  clouded,  said  to  be  extensively  wrought.  (C.) 

GREENBUSH. 

Quartz,  in  prisms,  sometimes  3  inches  in  diameter,  with  pyr- 
amids at  both  extremities. 
Jasper,  in  rolled  masses. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (C.)     See  Rensselaer  Co. 
Shining  Clay  Slate.  (Webster.) 

GREENE  CO. 

Sulphate  oj  Iron,  in  the  channel  of  a  stream,  2  m.  S.  E.  of 
the  Durham  m.  h.  distinctly  characterized,  in  a  coarse  vari- 
ety of  slate,  which  abounds  with  imperfect  vegetable  im- 
pressions, some  of  which  are  converted  into 

Coal ;  also 

Sulphuret  oj  Iron.  (Sil.  4.250.) 

GREENFIELD. 

Chrysoberyl,  about  1  m.  N.  from  the  High  Rock  spring,  Sa- 
ratoga, in  a  vein  of  granite,  traversing  gneiss.  This  vein  ifs 
composed  of 


NEW  YORK. 

Mica,  in  large,  irregular  masses,  prismatic  and  laminated  ;  the 
latter  affords  some  well  defined,  rhombic  crystals,  and 

Feldspar,  highly  crystalline,  which  affords  fine  crystals  of 

JLdularia;  and  quartz,  which  is  in  considerable  proportion. 

Schorl,  in  this  vein,  in  great  abundance,  perfect  and  beautiful. 

Emerald,  in  small  crystals,  with  the  chrysoberyl  ;  rare. 

Garnets  are  also  found  in  this  mass  of  highly  crystalline  sub- 
stances. Garnets  abound  every  where  in  the  gneiss,  which 
constitutes  the  eastern  face  of  Pulmertown  mountain  ;  also 
in  great  abundance,  and  large,  in  mica  slate,  near,  and 
along  the  southern  termination  of  the  primitive  region. 

Graphite,  foliated,  and  the  oxide  of  iron,  are  diffused  in  the 
mica  slate.  (Steel.') 

GREENWOOD  FURNACE.       See  MUNROE. 
GUILDERLAND. 

Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Webster.} 

GROSSE  ISLAND.       See  ERIE  LAKE. 


Indicolite.  (C.) 
Epidote.  (Webster. 


HAARLEM  HEIGHTS. 


HADLEY. 

Sulphate  of  Iron  issues  from  the  walls  of  the  transition  rocks, 
near  the  falls.  (Steel.) 

HAMILTON  COLLEGE.       See  CLINTON. 
HAVERSTRAW  BAY. 

Metalloidal  Diallage,  on  the  western  shore  of  the  bay. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  the  tiaverstraw  mountains,  forming  beds 
in  greenstone.  (C.) 

HELDERBERG. 

Snowy  Gypsum,  connected  with  calcareous  sandstone. 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  16  m.  from  Albany,  in  fine  crystals.  (C.) 

Marl, 

Clay,  and  Ochres, 


132  NEW  YORK. 

Alum,  and  petrifactions.  (Sil.  5.269.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  handsome,  crystallized.  (Sil.  5.270.) 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  in  crystals. 

Sulphate  of  Alumine.     Ferruginous  Quartz, 

Sulphur,  from 

Sulphur et  of  Iron. 

Ochrey  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  {Webster.) 

HERKIMER  CO. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  Gas  issues  through  the  water,  near 
the  head  of  Otsquago  creek,  manifestly  proceeding  from 

Pyritous  Shale.  It  burns  with  a  flame  equal  in  extent  to  half 
a  dozen  candles.  (Sil.  8.197.) 

HIGHLANDS. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  adjacent  to  the  Hudson,  in 

Limestone. 

Mica,  at  Munroe  iron  works,  in  black,  6  sided  tables,  6  inch- 
es in  diameter. 

Epidote. 

Graphite,  60  m.  above  N.  York,  with  a  structure  between 
lamellar  acd  striated. 

Magnetic  Pyrites. 

Arsenical  Sulphur  et  of  Iron. 

Magnetic  Qjcide  of  Iron. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  ;  it  occurs  black,  opaque,  nearly  dull,  and 
resembling  some  varieties  of  hornblende. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

Stilbite,  opposite  West  Point,  in  a  decomposing,  cellular,  blu- 
ish feldspar,  forming  a  vein  in  gneiss,  in  small,  aggregated 
crystals,  of  a  honey  yellow  color.  (Sil.  5.399.) 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  green.  (Webster.) 

HILLSDALE. 

Transition  Limestone.  (fil.  8.21J 

Iron  Ore  beds  are  found  in  the  same  range  with  that  noticed 
in  Araenia.  (Sil.  8.243.) 

HONEOYE. 

Jin  Inflammable  Gas  proceeds  from  a  fissure  in   a  friable,  sla- 
ty rock,  whose  surface  is  covered  with  a 
Bituminous  Substance.     It  has  the  odour  of  putrid  eggs.  (C.) 


NEW  YORK.  133 

HOOSACK. 

Clay  Slate,  whence  large   quantities  are   annually  carried  t« 

Albany.  (C.) 
Metalliferous  Limestone.  (Sil.  8.21.) 

HUDSON. 

Compact  Limestone,  a  greyish  brown  Marble,  beautifully  vari- 
egated by  encrinites,  and  other  organic  remains,  occurs  near 

Selenite,  near,  in  clay. 

Basanite,  near. 

Epidote,  near.  (C.) 

Argillaceous  Marl,  constitutes  the  foundation  of  the  city,  in 
horizontal  strata,  containing  a  considerable  portion  of 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia. 

Siliceous  Slate,  in  front  of  the  principal  street,  forming  a  steep 
bank,  which  rises  about  70  feet  above  the  surface  of  the 
river. 

Blue  Compact  Limestone,  on  Becraft's  mountain,  containing  a 
great  variety  of  petrifactions. 

Chlorite,  nnd 

Jasper,  and  basanite,  in  rounded  fragments  on  Prospect  hill, 
about  1  m.  from  the  river.  (Sil.  4.34.) 

Jade,  nephrite,  found  in  rolled  masses.  (Webster.) 

HYDE   PARK. 

foetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  strata  nearly  vertical ;  and  some- 
times traversed  by  veins  of  Calcareous  Sjpar.  Its  color  is 
sometimes  almost  black.  (C.) 

JAY. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  usually  brown,  of  different  shades, 
sometimes  a  brilliant  black.  (Hall.) 

JOHNSON. 

Quartz,  and 
Garnet.  (Webster.) 

K1NGSBRIDGE. 

Marble,  wrought  from 

Granular  Limestone,  sometimes  traversed  by  narrow  veins  of 
granite,  mica  slate,  and  quartz,  and  contains  occasionally 


134  NEW  YORK. 

Yellow  Jllica,  and 

White  Augite,  which  is  imbedded  in  the  limestone,  in  rectan- 
gular, 4  sided  tables,  or  8  sided  prisms,  and 

Tourmaline,  &r.  ;  this  limestone  passes  through  West  Ches- 
ter Co.,  in  strata  dipping  to  the  S.  E.  at  about  65°,  and  is 
connected  with  that  extensive  deposit  of  granular  limestone, 
which  accompanies  primitive  rocks  from  Canada  through 
the  western  parts  of  New  England,  crosses  the  Hudson 
near  Stony  Point  into  Rockland  Co.,  and  again  appears  in 
New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia. 

Rhtftizite,  (cyanite,)  a  mineral  resembling  the  rhaetizite  is 
found  in  granular  limestone,  in  yellowish  white,  crystalline 
masses,  laminated,  translucent,  or  transparent. 

Schorl,  in  granular  limestone,  brown,  or  reddish  brown,  trans- 
lucent, usually  in  9  sided  prisms,  terminated  at  each  end  by 
3  faces.  Also  in  brownish  yellow,  6  sided  prisms,  well 
terminated  by  3  planes. 

fetid  Feldspar,  in  primitive  limestone,  fetid  when  struck,  blu- 
ish white,  and  contains  carbonate  of  lime. 

Tremolite)  both  crystallized,  and  in  fibrous  masses,  in  primi- 
tive limestone. 

Sutohuret  of  Iron,  in  small  dodecaedrons,  with  pentagonal  fa- 
ces, in  primitive  limestone. 

Red  Oxide-  of  Titanium,  near,  on  the  island,  amorphous,  or  in 
small,  quadrangular,  prismatic,  transparent  crystals,  which 
are  sometimes  geniculated,  and  sometimes  acicular ;  color 
varies  from  dark  blood  red  to  a  light  red,— disseminated  in 
veins  composed  of 

Fetid  Qtrtfe,  feldspar,  mica,  and  limestone,  which  traverse 
primitive  limestone. 

Silico- Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in   small,  rhomboidal 

Drisms   with  diedral  summits,  of  a  light  dove  color,  in  prim- 

T  /  r<  \ 

itive  limestone.  (  ^*) 

Reef  Tourmaline,  imbedded  in  primitive  limestone,  or  rather 
JJolomite.    The  tourmaline  occurs  in  crystals  of  various  shades 
of  red  and  brown,  (nil.  2.366.)  15  m.  from  the  city. 

KNOX. 

Fibrous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  a  cave.  (Webster.) 
LAKES.     See  their  proper  names. 


NEW  YORK.  135 

LANSINGBURG. 

Quarts,  in  small,  brilliant,  well  defined  crystals.  (C.) 
Glazed  Slate.  (Sil.  8.22.) 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  effloresces  on  clay  in  the  bank  of  the 
Hudson,  3  m.  above  the  village  of  Lansingburg.  (Sil.  8.GO.) 

LEICESTER. 

Brown  Spar,  on  Genesee  river,  in  dark  brown,  translucent, 
lenticular  crystals,  sometimes  so  grouped  as  to  present  a 
a  scaly  aspect,  (C.) 

LENOX. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  (Webster.) 

LEWIS   CO. 

Green  Fluate  of  Lime. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  green  fluor.   (Webster.) 

LEWISTOWN. 

Compact  Limestone,  forming  the  banks  of  the  Niagara,  which 
are  here  150  feet  perpendicular. 

Gypsum  is  found  filling  the  cavities  in  the  rocks,  on  the  edge 
of  this  bank,  all  the  way  from  this  town  to  the  Falls,  from 
100  to  150  feet  above  the  present  high  water  mark.  These 
little  cavities  in  the  rocks  are  numerous,  most  of  them  are 
filled  with  rhomboidal  crystals  of 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  and  on  these  rhomboidal  crystals  are 
occasionally  found  and  deposited,  those  almost  cubic  crystals 
of  carbonate  of  lime,  the  cuboide  of  Haiiy.  (Sil.  4.36.) 

LITTLE  FALLS. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  lamellar  masses,  at  these  Falls,  which 
are  on  the  Mohawk,  Herkimer  Co.  (C.) 

Argillaceous  Iron  Ore,  in  an  uninterrupted  stratum,  or  layer, 
extending  from  near  these  Falls  to  30  m.  beyond  Niagara 
river.  There  is  a  single,  unbroken  stratum  of  this  ore  250 
m.  long,  and  from  20  to  30  m.  broad,  and  generally  from 
12  to  20  inches  thick.  (Sil.  8.196.)  See  Herkimer  Co. 

Siliceous  Rock. 

Compact  Feldspar,  in  gneiss. 

Anthracite. 

Graphite.  (Webster.) 


136  NEW  YORK. 


Sulphate  of  Barytes.  associated   with  galena.     Columbia  Co. 

Sulphuret  of  Silver,  in  the  lead  mine. 

Sulphuret  oj  Lead,  in  veins,  sometimes  large,  traversing  a  sla- 
ty rock,  and  associated  with 

Blende, 

Pyrites, 

Pyritous  Copper, 

Malachite,  sulphate  of  barytes,  fee.  This  ore  is  sometimes 
foliated,  and  sometimes  steel  grained,  yielding  from  70  to 
80  per  cent,  of  lead.  When  all  the  varieties  are  melted  to- 
gether, one  ton  is  said  to  yield  118  oz.  of  silver.  (C.) 

LOCKPORT. 

Brown  Spar,  in  small,  rhomboidal  crystals ;  surfaces  curved, 
white,  pearly. 

Selenite,  in  laminated  masses,  transparent.  (Hall.) 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  in  beautiful  crystals. 

Dog  tooth  Spar,  and 

Pearl  Spar,  in  immense  quantities. 

Jlrragonite,  rare. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  limpid,  cubic  crystals. 

Snowy  Gypsum,  and  selenite,  abundant. 

Quartz  Crystals,  numerous;  also  petrifactions. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  waxy,  transparent.  The  foregoing  min- 
are  found  in  geodes,  which  abound  in 

Swinestone,  or  geodiferous  lime  rock,  which  forms  most  of  Ni- 
agara falls.  The  canal  in  this  place  is  cut  30  feet  deep  in- 
to it  for  2  m.  East  of  Genesee  river  it  is  cut  through  it  for 
about  ^  a  m.  It  extends  from  Genesee  river  to  a  consid- 
erable "distance  W.  of  Niagara  river.  (SiL  8A97.) 

Sparry  Anhydrous  Sulphate  of  Lime,  and  Epigene.  (Webster.) 


LONG  ISLAND. 


Jasper,  in  large  rolled  masses,  usually  red,  sometimes  brown. 

Green  Feldspar,  at  Cow  bay,  apple  green,  and  in  considera- 
ble quantities. 

Columnar  Jjrgillacoous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near  Plandome,  in 
small  columns. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

Clay,  very  white,  in  beds,  and 


NEW  YORK.  137 

Fossil  Wood,  at  Sand's  Point.  (a'i7.  7.35.) 

LYONS. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.  Ji.  Lee.) 

MADISON  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Lime  is  very  abundant. 

Laminated  Selenite,  and 

Fibrous  Gypskm  are  associated  with  the  more  common  varie- 
ty, and  the  color  of  this  selenite  is  often  very  black.  Sul- 
phate of  lirne  is  very  abundant  in  Onondaga,  in  this  Co., 
and  in  the  vicinity  of  Caynga  lake,  whence  several  thousand 
tons  are  annually  exported  to  Pennsylvania. 

Compact  Limestone,  or  argillo-ferruginous  limestone,  for  wa- 
ter cement.  (C.) 

MALONE. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Hall.) 

MANLIUS. 

Gypsum  alternates  with  an  argillaceous  slaty  rock.  The  gyp- 
sum of  this  state  is  often  connected  with  compact  limestone, 
and  calcareous  sandstone.  (C.)  It  occurs  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  great  canal. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  in  prismatic  crystals.  (Webster.) 

MARBLETOVVN. 

Calcareous  Spar. 

Black  Marble. 

Marl,  containing  fossil  bones. 

Graphite,  in  carbonate  of  lime.  (Webster.) 

MILTON. 

Compact  Limestone,  dark  blue  color. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  occurs  in  the  waters  of  a  weak,  acid- 
ulous saline,  2  m.  W.  from  Saratoga  springs.  (Steel.) 

MONTEZUMA. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  springs  of  water  impregnated  with  this  salt. 

(C.) 

Compact  Limestone,  for  water  cement.  (Webster.) 
13 


138  NEW  YORK, 

MONTGOMERY. 

Compact  Limestone,  with  shells,  and 

Quartz  Crystals j  in  the  seams  in  limestone,  fine  and  abund- 
ant. 

Potter's  Clay. 

Shale,  with  vegetable  impressions,  containing  veins  of 

Coal.  These  minerals  are  found  in  the  village  of  Walden,  11 
m.  from  Newburg. 

Fuller's  Earth,  near  the  village.  (J.  M.  Capron.) 

MOREAU. 

Calcareous  Spar  occurs  in  the  seams  and  fissures  of  argillite 
more  abundant  at  Baker's  falls. 

Granular  Limestone,  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  soap- 
stone,  and  appears  to  rest  upon  it. 

Compact  Limestone,  dark  blue  color. 

Coccolite,  in  this  locality  of  granular  limestone,  in  considerable 
masses  of  a  dark  green  color,  in  distinct,  granular  concre- 
tions, translucent,  and  nearly  the  size  of  a  pea. 

Steatite  occurs  at,  or  near  the  foot  of  the  Palmertown  moun- 
tain, covered  by  granular  limestone.  It  is  the  variety 
called 

Potstone. 

Clay  Slate  forms  the  bed  of  the  Hudson  to  a  little  above 
Baker's  falls,  opposite  Moreau,  and  appears  to  underlay  the 
greater  part  of  the  county,  not  included  in  the  primitive. 

Graphite,  in  thin  laminae,  imbedded  in  granular  limestone ; 
also  glazing  some  of  the  argillite. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  imbedded  in  granular  limestone,  in  consid- 
erable masses. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  frequently  diffused  among  the  grains 
of  coccolite,  usually  in  small  lamellar  masses,  sometimes  in 
6  sided  tables ;  graphite  frequently  occurs  in  the  same 
mass.  (Steel.) 

MORIA. 

Graphite,  on  the  E.  side  of  a  mountain,  and  but  a  few  rods 

from  the  road. 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  the  polarity  of  its  small  fragments 

very  striking. 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  granite.  (Hall.) 


NEW  YORK.  139 

MORRISIANA. 

Rose,  or  Milk  Quartz.  (Webster.) 

MOSS,  Or  MOUSE  ISLAND.       See  ERIE  LAKE. 
MOUNT  DUNDERBERG. 

Graphite  occurs  both  foliated  and  compact  (C.) 

MOUNT  MARINO. 

Siliceous  Slate,  base  of  the  causeway,  and 
Basanite,  near  the  S.  end  of  the  causeway,  in  the  flinty  slate, 
abundant.  (E.  177.J 

MUNROE. 

Mica,  at  the  iron  works,  in  black,  6  sided  tables,  6  inches  ia 
diameter.  (C.)  Munro  iron  works  are  situated  on  the  riv- 
er Ramapaugh.  (SiL  5.25.) 

Green  Coccolite,  and 

Sahlite,  about  18  or  20  m.  S.  of  Newburgh,  and  about  \  a  m. 
from  Greenwood  furnace,  and  near  a  small  stream  which 
moves  the  machinery  of  the  works,  were  found  large  rocks, 
of  a  very  beautiful,  green  coccolite,  and  sahlite.  This  lo- 
cality is  extraordinary,  in  presenting  specimens  of  these 
minerals,  in  great  abundance,  and  of  uncommon  beauty. 

Green  Jiugite  rock,  forming  the  roof  and  sides  of  an  exca- 
vation, made  in  searching  for  iron  ore,  in  the  bank  of  a 
ravine,  through  which  ran  the  stream  spoken  of  above. 
This  rock  has  natural  fissures,  so  that  the  fragments,  which 
were  of  irregular  shape  and  size,  could  be  easily  separated 
with  a  pick  axe.  The  crystals  were  generally  found  on 
the  edges  and  surfaces  of  these  fragments ;  but  many  speci- 
mens were  found,  in  which  the  crystals  were  imbedded  in 
a  mass  of 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  or  protruded  from  it.     A  vein  of 

Green  Mica,  about  1  foot  in  breadth,  and  several  feet  in  depth, 
passed  through  the  rocks,  mostly  in  6  sided  tables,  some- 
times in  large,  triangular  pyramids.  On  the  borders  of  this 
vein  were  found  nearly  all  the  crystals  of  augite,  all  of  which 
are  8  sided  prisms,  with  summits  of  from  4  to  8  faces,  of 
a  brilliant  lustre.  Their  size  varies  from  that  of  extreme 
minuteness,  to  that  of  5  or  6  inches  in  circumference, 


140  NEW  YORK. 

Ceylanite,  or  Black  Ppinelle,  accompanied  by 

Brucite,  both  lying  in  carbonate  of  lime,  a  rich  locality,  about 
4  m.  from  Greenwood,  in  the  direction  of  fort  Montgomery. 
The  ceylanite  was  mostly  in  octaedrons.  very  small,  and  so 
thick  and  in  such  numbers,  as  to  form,  large,  black  snipes, 
several  inches  in  breadth,  and  feet  in  length,  in  the  lime- 
stone. Ceylanite  has  hern  found  at  the  Forest  of  Dean, 
some  miles  distant  from  the  above  locality.  (Sil.  8.88  to  92.) 

Octaedral  Iron  ? 

NEW  CONCORD. 

Radiated  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  spheroidal  masses.  (C.) 

NEW  LEBANON. 

Aluminous  Slate,  near  the  springs.  (C.) 

Mum,  (Sil.  5.21.)   found   in   abundance   in  aluminous   slate. 

(St7.  8.36.) 

Siliceous  Limestone,  rhomboidal. 
Roofing  Slate,  slate  and  limestone  with  talc  glazing. 
Peat,  in  Hunter's,  and  in  Adgate's  swamp. 
Cubic  Pyrites,  in  slate. 
Iron  Ore.  (Sil  5.21.) 
Transition  Limestone,  from  which  issues  the  mineral  spring. 

(Sil.  8.21.; 

Muriate  of  Soda,  in  the  spring.  (Sil.  8.32.) 
Calcareous  Tufa,  deposited   in  quantity  from  the  spring,  often 

presenting  fine  mammillary  and  verrucose  forms.  (Sil.  8.34.) 

NEW  PALTZ. 

Clay  Slate,  (C.)  roofing  slate. 

NEWPORT. 

Limpid  Quartz,  95  m.  N.  W.  from  Albany,  in  perfectly  trans- 
parent crystals,  and  terminated  at  both  ends  by  pyramids, 
equal  in  beauty  to  those  of  Fairfield.  (Sil.  6.247.) 

NEWTOWN. 

Bituminous  Wood.  (Webster.) 

NEW  YORK  CITY>  AND  ISLAND. 

Dolomite,  near,  large  grained,  containing 


NEW  YORK.  141 

Tremolite. 

Apatite,  near,  usually  in  greenish  prisms  imbedded  in  granite. 

Asparagus  Stone,  on  the  Island,  in  a  vein  of  quartz  traversing 
mica  slate,  pale  or  deep  green  prisms,  2  to  4  inches  long. 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  on  the  island,  in  granite. 

Hornstone,  on  the  island,  in  rolled  masses,  with 

Jasper.  The  striped  variety  of  jasper  has  been  found  on  the 
shores  of  the  Hudson,  in  rolled  masses,  yellowish  white, 
muddy  blue  and  green. 

Cyanite,  near,  in  granite  (C.)  ;  also  4  m.  from  the  city. 
(Webtttr.) 

Staurotide,  3|  m.  on  the  bank  of  the  Hudson,  in  mica  slate, 
in  short  but  very  perfect  4  sided  prisms,  terminated  by  di- 
edral  summits. 

Mica,  near,  in  very  perfect  6  sided  prisms  in  granite. 

Adularia,  near,  in  small  crystals,  in  veins  of  quartz,  which 
traverse  limestone. 

Beryl,  on  the  island,  in  small  crystals  in  granite. 

Epidote,  near,  in  bright  yellowish  green  crystals,  in  mica  slate 
and  other  primitive  rocks. 

Zeolite,  near,  in  primitive  rocks. 

Asbestus.  radiated,  or  stellated,  is  found  in  large  rolled  masses, 
in  several  parts  of  the  island,  and  on  the  banks  of  the  Hud- 
son, 4|  m.  from  the  city,  it  occurs  in  a  rock  of  considera- 
ble extent. 

Jlctynolite,  on  the  island,  in  granite  ;  also  in  radiated  asbes- 
tus,  in  which  it  occurs,  in  long,  compressed,  rhombic 
prisms,  fine  green  color  and  vitreous  lustre. 

Green  Earth,  on  the  river  Hudson. 

Graphite,  near,  in  a  feldspar  rock.  Also  in  hexaedral  prisms 
in  a  gangue  of  brownish  oxide  of  iron,  embracing  horn- 
blende and  mica. 

Bog  Ore,  on  the  island,  in  large  beds,  and  contains  much 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  which  occurs  also  in  hollow,  friable 
pebbles,  in  alluvial  hills,  and  is  very  pure. 

Sulphuret  ofMolybdena,  on  the  island,  in  very  flexible  folia, 
and  in  thicker  masses  in  gneiss. 

Red  O*ide  of  Titanium,  on  Hudson  river,  both  crystallized 
and  amorphous,  in  a  gangue  of 

Carbonate  of  Lime.  (C.)  Graphic  granite,  near,  on  North 
river.  (M.  1.237.) 

Emerald. 


142  NEW  YORK. 

Pyroxene,  in  primitive  limestone. 

Manganesian  Epidote. 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Garnet,  4  m.  from  the  city. 

Mesotype,  9  m.  from  the  city.  (Webster.']  See  Corker's  Hook. 

NEW  YORK  CO. 

Tourmaline,  in  a  basaltic  matrix. 
Graphite,  in  sparry  limestone. 
Green  Phosphate  of  Iron.  (Webster.) 

NIAGARA  CO. 

Sparry  Gypsum. 

Sulphur,  in  Asbestus  and  limestone.  (Webster.) 

NIAGARA  FALLS. 

Calcareous  Spar,  at  the  foot  of  Goat  island,  in  6  sided  prisms, 
and  in  rhombs. 

Calcareous  Tufa,  incrusting  moss. 

Gypsum,  snow  white,  and  sometimes  granular,  and 

Selenite,  at  the  foot  of  Goat  island,  in  transparent  masses,  both 
of  which  occur  in  connexion  with 

Fetid  Carbonnte  of  Lime. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  near,  yellow,  in  fetid  limestone.  (C.) 

Swinestone,  or  Geodiferous  Ltimerock,  forms  most  of  the  falls. 
This  rock  extends  from  Genesee  river  to  a  considerable 
distance  W.  of  Niagara  river.  The  canal  at  Lock  port  is 
cut  30  feet  deep  into  it  for  2  m.  East  of  Genesee  river  it 
is  cut  through  this  rock  about  Jam.  It  abounds  in  geodes 
which  contain  beautiful  crystals  of  sulphate  of  strontian, 
limpid  cubic  crystals  of  fluor  spar,  transparent  waxy  sulphu- 
ret  of  zinc,  immense  quantities  of  dog  tooth  spar,  and  pearl 
spar,  selenite  and  snowy  gypsum,  arragonite,  though  rare, 
and  numerous  quartz  crystals.  It  contains  many  petrifac- 
tions also. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  Gas  issues  through  the  water  at  the 
foot  of  the  bank  1  m.  above  the  falls,  manifestly  proceed- 
ing from 

Pyritous  Shale.  The  gas  burns  with  a  flame  equal  in  extent 
to  that  of  half  a  dozen  candles.  ( Sil.  8.197.) 

Quartz  Crystals. 

Flint.  (Webster.) 


NEW  YORK.  143 

N1SKEUNA. 

Schist,  of  the  Mohawk,  at  this  place  full  of  petrifactions.  (SiL 
5.269.) 

NORTH  EAST. 

Inflammable  Gas,  very  pure,  proceeds  from   the  bottom  of  a 

small  lake.  (C.) 
Peat,  and 
Marl.  (-S&  1.139.) 

Jlsbestus.  (Webster.) 

ONEIDA  CREEK. 

Calciferoiis  Slate,  underlaying  all  the  country,  over  which  the 
stage  road  passes,  from  this  creek  to  near  Genesee  river, 
parallel  to  the  canal,  and  from  \  a  m  to  20  m.  S.  of  it. 
In  this  slate  we  find, 

Gypsum,  in  numerous  beds  of  vast  extent ;  also 

Shell  Limestone, 

Water  Limestone, 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia, 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  and 

Mum,  in  numerous  localities.  This  slate  may  be  called  se- 
condary grey  wacke.  (SU.  8.197.) 

ONONDAGA  CO. 

Gypsum,  very  abundant.     See  Madison  Co. 

Water  Limestone,  or  argillo-ferruginous  limestone.  (C.) 

ONTARIO. 

Lenticular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  insulated  masses, 
or  extended  in  beds,  in  alluvial  deposit;  often  containing 
very  perfect  fossil  shells.  (C.) 

ONTARIO  CO. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  crystallized,  colors  deep  purple,  almost  black. 
(SU.  4.188.; 

ONTARIO  LAKE. 

Rhomb  Spar,  beautifully  crystallized,  with  common 
Calcareous  Spar,  crystallized,  and 

Snowy  Gypsum,  fibrous  and  foliated,  on  the  shores  of  lake 
Ontario.  (SU.  5.41.) 


144  NEW  YORK. 

Scaly  Red  Oxide  of  Iron  occurs  along  the  shores  of  lake  On- 
tario. (Hall.) 

ORANGE   CO. 

Marl,   deriving  its    calcareous    ingredient  from   shells;    and 

sometimes  contains  large  fossil  bones. 
Feldspar,  in  fine  crystals,  in  a  granitic  aggregate. 
Graphite,  in  carbonate  of  lime.  (C.) 
Granular  Limestone,  white,  embracing 
Brucite, 
Zircon, 

Talc,  and  foliated  graphite.  (Sil.  5.30.) 
Satin  Spar.  (Webster.) 

PALATINE  BRIDGE. 

Quartz  Crystals,  containing  anthracite. 
Anthracite.  (Webster.) 

PEEKSKILL. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near,  in  an  aggregate  of 

feldspar,  quariz,  and  hornblende. 
Blue  Quartz,  in  gneiss. 
Chalcedony,  with 
Jlctynolite. 
Epidote.  (Webster.) 

PETERSBURGH. 

Transition  Limestone.  (Sil.  8.2 1. J 
Chlorite  Slate,  abundant,  (tid.  8  52.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  crystals,  often  more  than  an  inch  on  a 
side.  (Sil.  8.55.) 

PHILLIPSTOWN. 

Blue  Quartz,  good  specimens,  in  blocks  of  granite,  in  the 
stone  walls  along  the  road,  near  the  Hocking  stone,  which 
lies  on  the  farm  of  Mrs.  Mc-Cabbe,  about  1  m.  W.  of  the 
turnpike,  from  the  village  of  Peekskill  to  the  town  of  Kent, 
8  m.  from  Peekskill,  on  the  left,  near  the  top  of  a  very  high 
and  steep  hill. 

Jlsbestus  ;  good  specimens  may  be  obtained  at  a  short  dis- 
tance from  this  stone. 

Steatite,  large  masses  are  scattered  around  the  rocking  stone. 
{Sil.  5.253.) 

Mica,  crystallized. 


NEW  YORK.  145 

Stilbite. 

Laumonite. 

Tremolite. 

Amianthus,  seams  of,  in  serpentine. 

Diopside. 

Lamellar  Green  Pyroxene. 

White  Coccolite. 

Green  Coccolite,  in  rhombic  carbonate  of  lime. 

Precious  Serpentine. 

Iron,  in  octaedronsv 

Sili co  Calcareous  (f  vide  of  Titanium.  (Webster).  The  fore- 
going minerals  were  discovered  by  Dr.  J.  Barrett  ;  the  lo- 
cality is  4  m-  N.  E.  from  Cold  Springs,  and  is  uncommon- 
ly rich,  in  the  abundance,  and  beauty  of  its  specimens. 
(Horace  Webster.) 

PITTSTOWN. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  iron,  &c.  (Webster.) 

PLANDOME.       See  LONG  ISLAND. 

PUT-IN-BAY  ISLAND.       See  ERIE  LAKE. 

PUTNAM  CO. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

Precious  Serpentine,  remarkably  elegant.  (Sil.  7.57.)  See 
Cold  Spring,  and  Phillipstown. 

RENSSELAER  CO. 

Milky  Quartz.  (C.) 

Schist,  embracing  pectinites.  (Sil.  5.269.J 
Chlorite  Slate,  in  various  places.  (Sil.  8.52.J 
Sinople  Jasper.  (E.) 

Siliceous  Hlate.  (Webster.)  See  Greenbush,  Hoosack,  Lan- 
singburgh,  Pittstown,  Sand  Lake,  Schaghticoke,  and  Troy. 

RHINEBECK. 

Stalactite  and  Stalagmite,  fine  specimens  occur  in  caverns. 

Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  strata  almost  vertical,  and  some- 
times traversed  by  veins  of 

Calcareous  Spar.     The  fetid  limestone  is  sometimes  almost 
black,  near  the  flats. 
19 


146  NEW  YORK. 

Limpid  Quartz,  perfect  crystals  are  found  in  alluvial  deposit, 

which  is  sometimes  ferruginous. 
Jasper,  in  detached  masses,  traversed  by  veins  of 
Semi  Opal. 
Schorl,  in  reddish  brown  bladed   masses,  in  quartz,  (C.)  and 

in  masses  of  crystalline  quartz.  (Sil.  1.237.) 
Granular  Epidote,  in  a  ferruginous 
Green  Feldspar. 
Clay  *late. 

Radiated  Sulphuret  af  Iron. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead .  (C.) 
Peat,  and 

Marl.  (Sil.  1.139.) 
Calcareous  Sinter.  (Webster.) 

ROCHESTER. 

Fluate,  of  Lime,  well  crystallized,  in  cavities  of  secondary 
lime  rocks  in  considerable  quantities,  £  a  m.  from  Roches- 
ter, on  the  Genesee  river,  in  the  bed  of  the  great  canal. 
(Sil.  3.367.)  See  Brighton. 

Foliated  Gypsum,  of  a  rose  color ;  several  specimens  were 
found  below  the  falls, 

Nodular  Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  the  bed  of  the  Genesee  river, 
a  few  m.  below  Rochester,  imbedded  in  red  sandstone,  ex- 
ternally having  the  appearance  of  agates.  (Sil.  7.56J 

ROCKLAND   CO. 

Granular  Limestone.  (C.)  See  Fort  Lee,  Haverstraw  Bay, 
and  Stony  Point. 

ROGER'S  ROCK. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  hemitrope,  or  grouped  crystals. 

Sahlite*  8  m.  from  Ticonderoga,  presenting  green  8  sided 
prisms,  1  inch  diameter,  and  passing  into 

Coccolite,  or  granular  augite,  which  forms  a  mass  of  many 
tons  weight,  colors  numerous,  and  grains  very  small.  (C.) 
Coccolite  occurs  near  the  summit  of  Rogers'  Rock,  and  at  a 
number  of  other  places  in  the  vicinity,  color  pale  and  blood 
red,  brown  and  black ;  green  is  rare.  This  is  one  of  the 
richest  localities  of  minerals  in  the  United  States.  Withia 
the  limits  of  4  or  5  acres  exist,  massive  and  crystallized 

Garnet  ;  several  varieties  of  coccolite  ;  also 


NEW  YORK.  147 

White  and   Green  Augite,  crystallized    and  massive ;    very 

beautiful 
Adulana,  in  thin,  transparent  tables,  of  a  milk  white  color, 

rarely  tinged  with  yellow,  and 
Common  Feldspar. 
Tabular  Spar,  less   abundant  and  less   beautiful   than   that  at 

"  Split  Rock,"  Essex  Co.     (See  Champlain  Lake.) 
Hornblende  ;  calcareous  spar,  containing 
jBrucite,  and  elegant  crystals  of 
Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (Hall.) 
Graphite.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  2.187.)     See  Ticonderoga. 

ROME. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near,  associated  with 

Secondary  Limestone.  (6\) 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  yellow.  (Webster.) 

RYE. 

Serpentine.     It  is  green,  and  reddish  brown  in  irregular  spots 

and  veins,  and  receives  a  good  polish. 
Chlorite,  in  considerable  quantities,  containing 
Schorl,  in  Iong,j3lender,  perfect  crystals.  (C.) 

SABBATH-DAY  POINT. 

Epidote,  S.  of  Ticonderoga.  (Webster.} 

SALINA. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Salt  springs  are  numerous  and  productive 
in  this  state.  The  most  important  are  at  Salina,  near  Onon- 
daga  lake,  Montezuma  in  Cayuga  Co.,  arid  Galen  in  Se- 
neca Co.  These  springs  are  near  the  canal,  which  con- 
nects the  Hudson  with  lake  Erie.  1,000,000  bushels  of 
salt  are  annually  extracted  from  saline  springs  in  the  Uni- 
ted States ;  and  of  this  the  springs  of  New  York  furnish 
more  than  500,000  bushels.  (C.) 

SALISBURY. 

Quartz  Crystals. 

Anthracite. 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc.  (Webster.) 


148  NEW  YORK. 

SAND  LAKE. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  good  crystals.  (   il.  7.252.) 
Jtfarl,  Earthy  Calcareous,  a  large  bed  in  Sand  lake.    (Sil. 
8.36.) 

SARATOGA  CO. 

Milky  Quartz.  (C.) 

Sinople  Jasper. 

Adularia.  and 

White  Feldspar. 

Graphite,  7  m.  N.  of  the  springs,  in  granite,  foliated  and  gran 
ular.  (E.) 

Calcareous  ^par,  beautifully  crystallized,  possessing  a  variety 
of  colors,  occurs  in  hornstone,  and  calcareous  sandstone. 

Marl,  argillaceous  and  calcareous,  appears  to  underlay  almost 
the  whole  of  the  sandy  alluvion  of  this  county. 

Shell  Limestone. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  and 

Mum,  efflorescing  on  the  sides  and  walls  of  argillite  in  sever- 
al places.  Alum,  in  several  places  on  Fish  creek,  efflo- 
rescing 

Common  Quartz. 

Limpid  Quartz. 

Smoky  Quartz. 

Greasy  Quartz. 

Ferruginous  Quartz. 

Hornstone  is  found  in  great  abundance,  imbedded  in  the  cal- 
careous sandstone. 

Bed  Jasper,  in  argillite. 

Garnet,  abundant,  in  gneiss  and  mica  slate. 

Epidote. 

Hornblende,  common. 

Chlorite,  in  large  masses,  in  argillite. 

Clay  Slate  appears  to  underlay  the  greater  part  of  the  county, 
not  included  in  the  primitive,  forming  the  bed  of  the  Hud- 
son to  a  little  above  Baker's  falls,  opposite  Moreau,  and  that 
of  the  Mohawk  to  above  Schenectady.     It  is  seen  along  the 
shores  of  the  lakes  at  Ballston  and  Saratoga. 
Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  Gas  is  found  in  the   sulphurous   wa- 
ters in  a  number  of  places  in  the  vicinity  of  the  argillaceous 
slate  formation. 
Lignite. 


NEW  YORK.  149 

Pyritous  Copper,  considerable  masses  were  thrown  out  in  blast- 
ing the  stratum  of  coarse  siliceous  sandstone,  which  extends 
from  the  N.  line  of  Saratoga  springs  into  Greenfield,  and 
lies  0  to  10  feet  below  the  soil. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  extensive  beds  are  found  in  the  mountains., 
among  gneiss  rocks. 

Native  Magnet,  and 

Brown  Hematite  of  Iron,  same  region. 

Magnetic  O   ide  of  Iron, 

Lenticular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Steel.) 

Apophyllite,  or  ichthyophthahnite.  (/?.  H.  Steel.)  For  more 
particular  localities  in  this  county,  see  Ballston,  Cohoes, 
Concord,  Corinth,  Galway,  Greenfield,  H'.-dley,  Milton,  Mo- 
reau,  Saratoga  Lake,  Saratoga  Springs,  and  Waterford. 

SARATOGA   SPRINGS. 

Carbonic  Acid.  100  cubic  inches  of  water  from  the  Congress 
spring  yielded  Steel  148.5  of  carbonic  acid. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  near  the  springs,  small  specimens,  in 

Compact  Limestone.  The  fhior  spar  is  nearly  colorless,  and 
penetrated  by 

Pyrites. 

Hornstone,  near,  in  globular  masses,  sometimes  dark  grey,  but 
more  often  light  grey,  or  whitish,  with  a  tinge  of  yellow, 
imbedded  in  limestone. 

Chrysoberyl,  about  1  in.  N.  of  the  High  rock  spring,  in  a  vein 
of  granite,  traversing  gneiss;  greenish  yellow  and  translu- 
cent, with 

Prismatic  Mica.  (C.)     See  Greenfield. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  springs,  among  the  cal- 
careous sandstones ;  beautiful  and  very  perfect  crystals  in 
great  abundance. 

Chalcedony,  lining  the  cavities,  which  are  very  numerous,  of 
a  kind  of  amygdoidal  rock.  It  more  frequently  forms 
geodes,  the  insides  of  which  are  usually  studded  with  small, 
brilliant  crystals  of  quartz.  The  walls  of  these  geodes  fre- 
quently pass  into 

Agate,  in  various  places,  but  its  best  locality  is  80  or  100  rods 
W.  from  the  Congress  spring. 

Bog  Ore,  on  the  planes  between  Saratoga  and  Ballstown 
springs,  it  formerly  furnished  a  forge  which  for  a  number  of 
years  produced  50  to  70  tons  of  bar  iron  annually.  Along 


150  NEW  YORK. 

the  bottom  and  banks  of  small  streams,  or  at  the  bottom  of 

hollows  that  are  at  some  seasons  filled  with  water.  (Steel.) 
Spodumene,  near,  associated  with  reddish  feldspar,  black  mica, 

and  quartz,  forming  a  beautiful  granite.   (R.  H.  Steel,) 
Calcareous  Tufa,  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  the  springs.    The 

"  High  rock"  is  formed  of  it. 
Yellow  Jasper,  in  rounded  fragments  in  the   vicinity  of  the 

springs. 

SCHAGHTICOKE. 

Schistose  Marl,  or  argillaceous  li.nestone,  containing  40  per 
cent,  of  lime,  and  disintegrating  on  exposure.  (Sit.  8.36.) 

SCHENECTADY. 

Jlrragonile,  in  geodes  and  cavities,  forming  the  cement  of  a 

puddingstone,  near.  (Sit.  5.256.J 
Sinople  Jasper,  in  this  county.  (E.) 
Calcareous  Sinter,  near.  (i*rof.  zil 


Zircon,  in  detached  masses  of  granite,  consisting   chiefly  of 

feldspar.  (C.) 
Native  Magnet.  (Sil.  5.28.) 

SEMPHRONIUS. 

Calcareous  Tufa,  fine,  and   exhibiting  distinct  impressions  of 
vegetables.    (Sil.  7.252.J 

SENEKA  LAKE,  and  PRAIRIES. 

Variegated  Marble,  near.     It  has  a  fine  grain  and  receives  an 

excellent  polish. 
Petroleum.     It  usually  floats  on  the  surface  of  springs,  which, 

in  many  cases,  are  known  to  be  in  the  vicinity  of 
Coal.     The   petroleum   is  sometimes  called  Seneca,  or  Gen- 

esee  oil. 

Flint,  in  the  Seneca  prairies,  imbedded  in 
Limestone.  (C.) 

SHAWANGUNK  MOUNTAIN. 

Alum,  near,  efflorescing  on 

-Clay  Slate.     The  predominant  rock  of  this  mountain,  accord- 
ing to  Mr.  Pierce,  is  a  white  breccia,  composed  of  pebbles 


NEW  YORK.  151 

of  quartz,  united  by  a  siliceous  cement ;  and  according  to  Mr. 
J.  Bradbury,  alum  is  sometimes  found  in  veins,  traversing 
this  breccia. 

Limpid  Quartz,  at  the  lead  mine,  in  very  fine  crystals. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  mountain,  some- 
times with 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc ,  which  occurs  brown.  (C.) 

SING   SING. 

Marble,  wrought  from 

Granular  Limestone.     It  often  contains  grains  of  quartz,  which 

cause  it  to  give  fire  under  the  chisel. 
Bruc.ite  is  said  to  exist  here. 
Beryl,  in  granite. 
Tremolite,  in  granular  limestone. 

rfugite,  in  6  sided  prisms,  sometimes  geniculated,  in  limestone. 
Auriferous  Native  Silver,  near,  in  a  very  small  vein.  (C.) 

STATEN  ISLAND. 

Crystallized  Carbonate  of  Magnesia ,  in  veins  or  in  cavities  in 
magnesite  or  steatite. 

Pulverulent  Carbonate  oj  Magnesia. 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  well  defined  crystals. 

Radiated  Quartz. 

Mica,  in  small,  regular,  hexaedral  crystals  in  steatite. 

Prehnite,  in  rolled  masses  of  greenstone. 

Amianthus  occurs  uncommonly  beautiful  in  steatite.  These 
fibres  are  rose  or  straw  colored,  sometimes  between  2  and 
3  feet  long,  and  possess  the  lustre  and  softness  of  silk ;  oth- 
er varieties  of  asbestus  occur  in  the  same  island. 

Common  Talc,  and 

Indurated  Talc,  in  veins  traversing 

Steatite,  which  is  very  abundant,  and  forms  a  large  proportion 
of  the  elevated  grounds  on  the  eastern  part  of  the  island  ? 
Soft,  adhesive  to  the  tongue,  yellowish  grey,  or  greenish  yel- 
low. When  connected  with  talc  it  is  greenish,  and  more 
compact.  It  contains  all  the  varieties  of  talc,  most  of  the 
varieties  of  asbestus,  and  some 

Chromate  of  Iron,  which  is  sometimes  in  opaque,  black  oc- 
laedrons,  and  sometimes  granular  and  amorphous. 

Hepatic  bulphuret  of  Iron. 


152  NEW  YORK. 

Hematitic  Brown  Ovide  of  Iron,  in  detached,  stalactical,  or 
mamrnillary  concretiohs,  blackish  brown,  often  with  a  shin- 
ing surface. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron  sometimes  forms  exten- 
sive beds. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  oj  Titanium,  near  fort  Richmond,  in 
yellowish  grey  crystals,  sometimes  large,  in  a  gangue  of 
feldspar  and  dark  green  hornblende.  (C.) 

J\fagnesite,  embracing  veins  and  cavities,  containing  native 
carbonate  of  magnesia,  in  very  while  acicular  crystals, 
grouped  in  minute  fibres  radiating  from  the  sides,  but  not 
always  filling  the  veins  and  cavities.  This  tnagnesite  ap- 
pears to  be  composed  of  carbonate  of  magnesia,  steatite, 
and  talc,  disintegrating  readily  upon  exposure  to  air  and 
moisture  ;  very  abundant  about  3  m.  from  the  quarantine, 
in  an  excavation.  (Sil,  1.143.) 

Cellular  Ferruginous  Quartz,  in  which  are  found  small  sili- 
ceous crystals,  in  the  middle  and  western  part  of  the  chain 
of  hills.  (Sil.  1.144.) 

Chalcedony,  and  radiated  quartz,  are  sometimes  observed  on 
the  primitive  ridge. 

Shot  Ore,  a  granular  oxide  of  iron,  appears  in  some  places  in 
extensive  beds.  A  heavy  ore,  with  a  smooth  surface,  and 
some  lustre,  resembling  native  iron,  is  sometimes  seen. 

Copper  Ore,  detached  pieces  have  been  found  near  fort  Tomp- 
kins.  (Sil.  1.145.) 

Red  Jasper,  in  rolled  masses  on  the  surface. 

Lignite,  in  small  quantities,  in  the  western  part  of  the  island. 
(Sil.  1.146.) 


Inflammable  Gas  issues  from  the  earth  in  several  places,  very 
abundantly   between  Chippewa  and  Niagara  falls,  at  Steel's 
•  mills.  (C.) 

STONY  POINT. 

Granular  Limestone  crosses  the  Hudson  near  Stony  Point,  in 

Rockland  Co. 
Green   Feldspar,   mottled  with   black   mica,   composing  the 

rocks  on  the  summit  of  Stony  Point.  (C.) 
Splintery  Serpentine,  in  veins  in  a  ferruginous  rock,  on  the  N. 

side  of  this  eminence    (Sil.  2.188.J 


NEW  YORK.  153 

TARRTTOWN. 

Feldspar,  near,  greenish  grey,  in  extensive  beds,  from  3  to  9 

feet  thick,  connected  with  mica  slate. 
Tremotite,  intimately  mixed  with 
Carbonate  of  Lime.  (C.) 

TICONDEROGA. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  transparent,  laminated  masses,  and  in 
rhombic  crystals. 

Silico-Calcat  eous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  large,  yellowish  grey, 
rhomboidal  prisms,  with  diedral  summits,  in  feldspar,  with 
hornblende  and  graphite.  (C.) 

Graphite,  on  Cobble  hill,  about  3  m.  N.  W.  from  the  Upper 
falls,  in  veins  nearly  perpendicular,  from  I  to  8  inches  thick, 
in  a  gangue  of  Graphic  Granite,  in  primitive  rocks.  Near 
the  summit  of  the  hill,  it  is  disseminated  in  a  granitic  rock, 
sometimes  in  small  nodules,  but  oftener,  in  thin  laminae,  of 
a  brilliant  metallic  lustre.  Three  tons  of  black  lead  are 
here  prepared  for  the  market,  annually,  by  G.  C.  Baldwin, 
Esq.,  its  price  averaging  $16  per  100  Ibs.  (Sil.  6.178.) 

Fetid  Limestone. 

Augite,  3  m.  S,  from  the  Upper  falls,  amorphous,  and  in  bex- 
aedral  prisms,  green  of  different  intensities,  and  white.  Mass- 
es have  been  obtained*  consisting  of  angite,  feldspar,  graph- 
ite, and  silico-calcareous  oxide  of  titanium,  half  of  which 
was  crystals  of  augite. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes,  elongated,  and  grouped. 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron;  a  red  pigment,  of  good  quality,  is  made 
of  this  ore.  by  a  Mr.  Stone  of  this  town,  who  also  prepares 
the  same  ore  into  what  is  called  emery,  and  it  answers 
nearly  all  the  purposes  of  emery.  Also,  from  the  purest 
pieces  of  the  same  ore,  is  manufactured  a  very  beautiful  spe- 
cies of  pigment,  which  resembles,  and  i?  but  little,  if  at  all, 
inferior  to  that  Asiatic  production,  called  Indian  Red. 
(Hall.) 

Yellow  Quartz,  or  citrine,  crystallized.  (R.  H.  Steel.) 

Schorl,  in  quartz. 

Kaolin. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper.  (Webster.) 

TROY. 

Jasper,  in  the  vicinity,  where  it  is  sometimes  green. 
20 


154  NEW  YORK. 

Basanite,  near. 

Slaty  Chlorite.  17   m.   E.   in   strata,   sometimes   narrow,  and 

sometimes  2  or  3  m.  wide,  often  rising  into  hills  200  or  300 

feet  high. 

O   ide  of  Manganese,  near.  (CV) 
Fibrous  Quartz,  a  singular  variety  in  veins,  in 
Varnished  Clay  Slate,  near.  (E.) 
Horns!  one, 
Crystallized  Quartz, 
Lenticular  Spar, 
Iron  I  *y  rites, 
Bituminous   Shale,    and    anthracite,    are    found    interspersed 

through  the  siliceous  slate,  in  digging  wells.   (Sil.  3.72.) 
Fibrous  Limestone,  between   the  la\  ers  of  fine  grained  grey- 

wacke  in  small  quantities,  beautiful. 

Compact  Limestone,  near,  with  shell  limestone.  (Sil.  8.33.) 
Siliceous  Slate,  in  beds  in 
Transition  Clay  Slate.  (Sil.  8A\.) 
Aluminous  Slate,  in  argillite.  (Sil.  8.52.^) 
Anthracite  has  been   found   in  small  quantity,  in   grey  wacke 

slate,  especially  at  Schuyler's  quarry.  (Sil.  8.58.) 
Coarse  Heliotrope,  in  the  vicinity.  (C.  V.  Shepard.) 

ULSTER  TO. 

Marl,  sometimes  containing  large  fossil  bones. 
Graphite,  in 

Carbonate  of  Lime.  (C.)  See  Marbletown,  New  Paltz,  Sha- 
wangunk,  Warwarsing,  and  Woodstock. 

VERNON. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Salt  springs  occur  at  frequent  intervals 
from  Vernon  to  30  m.  W.  of  Niagara  river,  about  230  m.  in 

Red  Clay  Slate,  and  secondary  sandstone. 

Carburetted  Hydrogen  Gas  issues  from  the  foot  of  a  hill,  near 
the  stage  road,  1  m.  W.  of  Vernon  village,  undoubtedly 
proceeding  from  crevices  in  the  rock,  which  forms  the  floor 
of  the  salt  springs.  It  burns  brilliantly. 

Sulphur et  of  Lead,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  occur  1  m.  E.  of  Vernon  village,  in  Mill- 
stone grit.  (Sil.  8.198.) 

Lenticular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (Webster.) 


NEW  YORK.  165 

WARWARSING. 

Quartz. 

Sulphur et  of  Copper. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead. 

Sulphuret  oj  Zinc.  (Webster.} 

WARWICK. 

Brucite,  in  white  foliated  limes'one,  resting  on  gneiss, 
Graphite,  and  mica,  with  brucite  in  limestone. 
Arsenical  Iron.  (C.). 

WASHINGTON   CO. 

Marl,  very  white  and  friable,  somewhat  resembling  the  whit- 
ing of  commerce,  and  contains  the  planorbi.s  and  helix  (C.) 
See  Baker's  Falls,  Glenn's  Falls,  Gran ville,  and  Wliite  Creek. 

WATERFORD. 

Jasper,  in  rolled  masses.  (C.) 

WATERVLIETT. 

Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Sil  5.270.) 

Siliceous  Slate. 

Clay  Slate.  (Webster.) 

WEST  CANADA  CREEK. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  the  sands  of  the  creek,  in  small,  perfect, 
6  sided  prisms.  (C.) 

WEST  CHESTER. 

Coccolite.  (C.) 

WEST  CHESTER  CO, 

Granular  Limestone  passes  through  this  county,  in  strata,  dip- 
ping to  the  S.  E.  at  about  65°,  and  is  connected  with  that 
extensive  deposit  of  granular  limestone,  which  accompa- 
nies primitive  rocks  from  Canada,  through  the  western  parts 
of  New  England. 

Sulphuret  of  Moiybdena.  (C.)  See  Bronx  Creek,  Morrisia* 
na,  Rye,  Sing  Sing,  Tarrytown,  and  West  Farms. 

WEST  FARMS. 

Marble,  often  containing  grains  of  quartz,  which  cause  it  to 
give  fire  under  the  chisel. 


150  NEW  YORK. 

Phosphate  of  Lime.  Apatite,  m-ar,  of  various  colors  in  gra- 
nite, and  in  small,  white  prisms  in  gneiss. 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  near. 

Mica,  near,  in  gieenish  yellow,  6  sided  tables,  6  inches  in  di- 
ameter. 

Epidote,  near,  abundant,  in  mica  slate,  in  granular  masses, 
which  sometimes  contnin  perfect  crystals  in  their  cavities. 

Stilbite,  near,  in  radiated,  blnded  crystals,  or  in  imperfect 
crystals  confusedly  aggregated,  in  veins  traversing  gneiss  ; 
color,  from  pale  to  deep  red.  Also  at  the  same  place  near 
Bronx  Creek,  in  white,  6  sided  tables,  in  an  aggregate  of 
epidote,  hornblende,  tjuartz,  and  carbonate  of  lirne. 

Glassy  Tremolite,  near,  in  quartz. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near,  in  very  small,  red- 
dish brown,  oblique  angled,  4  sided  prisms,  in  a  gangue  of 

Compact  Feldspar.  (C.)     See  Bronx  creek. 

Garnet,  in  granite.  (W.  Green.) 

WESTMORELAND. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  in  a  quarry  in  the  N.  W.  corner  of  West- 
moreland, 3  m.  S.  of  the  canal  at  Rome,  in  millstone  grit. 
(Sil.  8.19G.) 

WEST  POINT. 

Sulphur,  pulverulent,  and  greyish,  in  the  cavities  of  a  ferru- 
ginous, granitic  rock. 
Sulphuret  of  Jiolybdena,  (C.)  in   granite   and  gneiss;  and  OH 

Constitution  island,  opposite  the  Point.  (Sil.  7.57.) 
Green  dugite,  near  Fort  Putnam,  in   imperfect  crystals  of  a 

large  size,  and  considerable  quantities  of  the 
Green  Coccolite  variety,  in  gneiss  rock,  in  which  are  also  im- 

braced  beds  of 
Black  Mica. 

Serpentine,  the  most  beautiful  specimens  in 
Calcareous  Spor  are  found  at  the  meeting  of  the   gneiss  and 

hornblende   stratum,   3   m.  N.   of  the  Military   Academy. 

They  appear  like  grass  green  gems  set  in  masses  of  pearl. 
Lamellar  Hornblende,  very   dark  color,  in   vast  quantities,  in 

the  form  of  veins  traversing  the  hornblende  rocks. 
Granulated  Iron   Ore  abounds  in  the  gneiss  rocks  of  these 

mountains,  containing  small  crystals  of 
Phosphate  of  Lime,  together  with  the 


NEW  YORK.  157 

Carburet  of  Iron.  (Sil.  5.233.) 

Kaolin,  from  decomposed  feldspar,  accompanying  quartz. 

Tremolite,  glassy  and  fibrous,  or  asbestiform,  in  sieaite. 

Schorl,  in  granite. 

Jldular'm,  in  granite  rock. 

Garnets,  in  gneiss,  and  imbedded  in  mica  slate. 

Gl'issy  dctynolite,  in  the  vicinity. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  Constitution  island.  (Sil.  7-57.) 

Ejndote, 

Siliceous  Slate,  and 

Bnsrtnite,  or  Lydian  Stone. 

Diallagt,  more  or  less  metalloidal. 

Ferruginous  Sand.  (Sil.  7.5S.J 

Lamellar  Pyroxene  is  found  abundantly,  3  m.  above  West 
Point,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river,  and  near  to  the  water's 
edge,  associated  with  hyaline  quartz,  black  and  brown  col- 
ored mica,  and  feldspar,  the  latter  in  small  quantity.  These 
minerals  form  an  aggregate  of  limited  extent.  The  lam- 
ellar Pyroxene  of  West  Point  is  identical  in  all  its  charac- 
ters, both  external  and  chemical  with  that  mineral  of  Bran- 
dywine,  (Delaware,)  which  was  first  considered  to  be  Hy- 
persthene,  and  described  as  an  dtnpAibofe,  by  Mr.  H.  Sey- 
beit,  in  J.  A.  JV.  S  P.  2.139,  and  to  which  Mr.  Nuttall 
and  Dr.  Torrey  have  proposed  to  give  the  name  of  Maclw- 
rite,  in  Sil.  5.246.  &  Sit.  5.336.  (/.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  3.68.) 

Black  Spindle,  4|  m.  W.  from  the  Military  Academy,  in 
Cornwall,  near  Krorikile's  tavern,  in  rounded  grains,  about 
the  size  of  a  pin's  head,  disseminated  in  limestone,  in  great 
abundance. 

Brucite,  of  a  greyish  brown  color,  partially  crystallized,  oc- 
curs in  the  same  specimens  with  the  spinelle,  in  great  abun- 
dance. 

Coccolite,  blackish  green,  in  granular  concretions,  occurs  with- 
in a  few  rods  of  the  spinelle  and  brucite. 

Jlugite,  2  m.  W.  from  the  Military  Academy,  by  the  road  side, 
towards  Kronkite's  tavern,  in  great  abundance,  both  crys- 
tallized and  compact ;  most  of  the  crystals  are  8  sided 
prisms. 

Epidole  occurs  massive,  with  the  augite ;  color,  light  green. 
Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium  occurs   with  the   augite 
and  epidote,  through  which  it   is  disseminated  in  a  crystal- 
line form  ;  some  crystals  are  very  fine  and  large. 


158  NEW  YORK. 

Coccolite,  dark  creen,  3|  in.  S.  from  the  Military  Academy, 
near  the  rood  side,  tounrds  Fort  Montgomeiy,  in  limestone, 
abundant.  (Horace  Webster.) 

WHITE  CREEK. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (Sil.  7,254.)  (?) 

WHITEHALL. 

Calcareous  Tufa,  deposited  from  the  water  of  springs.  (H.  M. 
Wells.) 

WILLIAMSON. 

Lenticular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  insulated  masses, 
or  extended  in  beds,  in  alluvial  deposit,  often  containing 
very  perfect  fossil  shells,  and  yields  about  30  per  cent,  of 
iron.  (C.) 

WILLSBOROUGH. 

Schanlstein. 

Colophonite,  (C.)  3  m.  W.  from  the  falls,  forming  a  perpen- 
dicular vein,  5  feet  wide  at  its  superior  part,  narrower  as  it 
descends,  embracing  a  vast  quantity  of  tabular  spar,  in 
which  are  sparingly  disseminated  small,  and  extremely  del- 
icate crystals  of 

Green  slugite.  The  latteral  walls  of  this  vein,  which  pene- 
trates a  hill,  several  hundred  feet  in  height,  and  about  a  m. 
in  diameter,  N.  and  S.  are  hornblende  rock,  and 

Massive  Garnet.  Hundreds  of  tons  of  the  colophonite  may 
be  obtained  by  blasting ;  colors,  red,  yellow,  and  deep 
brown,  all  which  frequently  appear  in  the  same  specimen, 
very  brilliant.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  2.186,  &  Hall.) 

WILTON. 

Compact  Limestone,  dark  blue  color.  (Steel.) 

WOODSTOCK. 

Coal,  in  a  perpendicular  ledge  of  grey  wacke  slate,  on  the 
eastern  face  of  Caiskill  mountain.  (Sil.  6.95.)  Several 
other  veins  have  been  discovered  in  the  same  mountain. 
(Sil.  6.96.) 

Fuller's  Earth,  grey,  friable.  (Hall.) 


159 


NEW  JERSEY. 


Phosphate  of  Lime,  Apatite,  is  found  in  most  of  the  mines  of 
magnetic  iron,  often  in  yellowish  white,  or  reddish  grains. 

Steatite,  on  the  Delaware,  opposite  Easton,  white  and  suitable 
for  architecture. 

Peat. 

Native  Silver,  ramous  or  branched,  has  been  observed  in  this 
state. 

Sulphuret  ofCopner,  in  a  red  sandstone  formation,  accompa- 
nied with  Oxide  and  Carbonate  of  Copper. 

Sviphate  of  f run  is  manufactured  from  the   sulphuret  of  iron. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  the  primitive  mountains,  which 
extend  froui  N.  E.  to  S  VV.  through  the  northern  parts  of 
the  state  to  the  vicinity  of  the  Delaware  river. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  the  southern  parts  of 
the  state,  in  a  ferruginous  clay. 

Bog  Ore,  in  the  S.  western  parts  of  the  state  ;  its  several  va- 
rieties are  abundant, — renewed  in  20  years. 

Phosphate  oj  Iron  occurs  in  druses  of  greeu,  lenticular  crys- 
tals iu  boa,  iron  ore.  and  is  usually  accompanied  by  the 
earthy  variety  in  this  state. 

Franklimte,  accompanying  the 

Rtd  O-ide  of  Zinc.  (C) 

Amber  was  found  near  the  Delaware,  in  West  Jersey,  in  de- 
tached pieces  of  near  1  lb.,  yellowish,  nearly  transparent. 
1762.  (Sfl.5.256.) 

ALLENTOWN. 

Earthy  Phosphate  of  Iron  occurs  here,  and  in  Monmouth  Co. 
and  various  other  parts  of  the  state.  It  generally  accompa- 
nies bog  ore,  or  certain  argillaceous  deposits  ;  sometimes  in 
masses  weighing  30  lb.  or  more.  (C.) 

Earthy  Marl,  with  organic  remains.  (1.  Lea.) 

ANCOCUS  CREEK. 

Green  Earth.  (C.) 


160  NEW  JERSEY. 

ANDOVER  FURNACE. 

Torrelite,  a  dull  vermillion  red, — granular  fracture,  intimately 
connected  with,  and  disseminated  through  the 

Iron  Ore  of  the  Andover  mine,  once  famous  for  producing 
the  best  iron  in  N.  America,  (y/.  L.  JV.  H.  JV.  Y.  1.37.) 

AOJJACKINOCK. 

Carbonic  Jltid,  iron,  and 

Muriate  of  Soda,  near,  in  a  mineral  spring.  (Sil.  2.194J 

ASBURY. 

Hornstone,  near,  and  in  various  parts  of  the  state,  where  lime- 
stone abounds.  (C.) 

BATSTO. 

Yellow  Earth.  (C.) 

BERGEN. 

Feldspar,  crystallized,  in  the  mural  precipices  of  coarse  green- 
stone, which  border  the  eastern  section  of  the  peninsula, 
below  Bergen  village,  towards  Staten  island,  filling  fissures 
6  inches  wide.  (Sil.  2.183.) 

BERGEN  CO. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near  Schuyler's  copper  mines,  in  an 

insulated  mass  of  bluish  quartz  in  hexahedrons,  steel  grey. 
Sulpkuret  of  Iron,  in  the  Highlands.  (Sil.  2.268.) 

BORDENTOWN. 

Potter's  Clay,  of  good   quality,  from  this  to  New  Castle,  OH 

the  banks  of  the  Delaware. 
Variegated  Clay,  near.  ( C.) 

BOUNDBROOK. 

Compact  Malachite,  near,  in  trap  rocks.  (C.) 

BURLINGTON  CO. 

JMarl,  abundant,  sometimes  greenish,  and  contains 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  and  shells,  &tc. 

Hematitic  Brown  O.vide  of  Iron,  in  the  N.  parts  of  the  county, 

mammillary,  and  plouged  up  in  the  fields.  (C.) 
Argillaceous  Iron  Ore,  yellowish  brown,  earthy,  entirely  loose. 


NEW  JERSEY.  161 

in  large   quantities,  near  Burlington,  and  highly  valued  as 
an  ore.  (I.  Lea.) 

CAMDEN. 

Amber,  a  transparent  specimen,  almost  white,  and  several 
inches  in  diameter,  has  been  found  in  a  stratum  of  gravel. 
(C.) 

COLD-SPRING  LANDING. 

Quartz,  and  a  green  substance,  apparently  augite,  or  cocco- 

lite  in  gneiss,  near. 
Augite,  abundant,  in  the  gneiss  rocks. 
Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  augite. 
Black  Mica,  in  augite.  (SU.  6.250.) 

COMPTON  HILL. 

Pyroxene,  about  16  m.  N.  W.  from  the  falls  of  the  Passaic,  iu 
Carbonate  of  Lime.  (J.  A.  A*.  S.  P.  3,115.; 


Amber,  on  the  creek,  4  m.  from  Trenton,  in  alluvial  soil, — . 
yellow  and  whitish,  in  grains,  or  small  masses,  seldom  ex- 
ceeding an  inch  in  length,  resting  on  lignite,  or  even  pene- 
trates it,  and  is  sometimes  connected  with  pyrites. 

Lignite  The  stratum  of  lignite,  which  contains  the  amber, 
rests  on  a  coarse,  ferruginous  sand,  and  is  covered  by  a  soft 

Bluish  Clay,  embracing  masses  of 

Sulphuret  of  Iron.     Above  the  clay  is  a  bed  of  sand. 

Crystallized  Phosphate  of  Iron,  on  the  creek,  near  Allentown, 
sometimes  in  folia,  radiating  in  small  masses,  externally 
blue,  but  within  greenish,  soft  like  talc,  and  semitranspar- 
ent.  (C.) 

Bituminous  Wood. 

Indurated  Grey  Marl,  containing  organic   remains. 
rare,  1  m.  from  Bordentown,  with  pyrites,  and 

Carbonized  Wood,  with  organic  remains.  (1.  Lea.) 

PORT  LEE. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  acute  rhombs  with  quartz.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and 
Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 
21 


NEW  JERSEY. 

Pyrltous  Copper,  and 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  in  a  vein,  in  quartz,  and  a  sili- 
ceous and  calcareous  breccia.  (Sil.  2.184.) 

Quartz,  with  rhombic  cavities,  in  the  breccia,  once  filled  with 
rhombic  crystals  of  calcareous  spar,  doubtless,  as  that  is 
now  found  imbedded  and  detached. 

Crystals  of  Quartz,  small.    (&il.  5.288.) 

FRANKLIN. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  near,  disseminated  in 

Lamellar  Carbonate  of  Ltime,  and  is  accompanied  by  mica,  and 

Carburet  (f  Iron, 

Z'-rcon*  in  an  aggregate  of  decomposing  feldspar,  hornblende, 
quartz,  and  epidote. 

Red  Onide  of  Zinc,  in  the  iron  mine  ;  it  also  assumes  a  mi- 
caceous form,  and  is  imbedded  in  a  Whitish  Oxide  of  Zinc. 
(C.) 

Shot  Ore,  used  as  a  substitute  for  shot,  found  in  company 
with  the  red  oxide  of  zinc.  (£t7.  5.41.) 

Frank-Unite  forms  a  bed  here,  which  appears  like  a  black 
mountain  mass,  at  least  30  or  40  feet  wide,  occasionally 
presenting  cavities  lined  with  regular,  octahedral  crystals. 
(Sil  5.242.) 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  rich,  intimately  blended  with  graph- 
ite, on  the  spot  where  the  furnace  stands.  (Si7.  5.243.) 
Franklin  furnace  is  in  Sussex  Co.,  about  7|  m.  N.  E.  of 
Sparta,  2  m.  S.  W.  of  Hamburg,  and  11  m  E.  of  Newton, 
or  Sussex  Court  house.  (J.  Ji  JY.  S.  P.  2.279 J 

Brownish  Yellow  Garnet,  here  forms  a  bed,  or  vein,  6  feet 
wide,  or  more,  and  when  occasionally  in  contact  with  car- 
bonate of  lime,  exhibits  imperfect  dodecahedrons,  of  a  lus- 
tre and  color  almost  similar  to  idocrase.  Garnet,  in  beau- 
tiful opaque,  blackish  brown  masses,  of  a  high  resinous  lus- 
tre, and  crystallized  on  the  surface,  accompanied  by  a  lam- 
inated 
ftpidote,  in  a  ledge  of  imperfect  sienitic  granite,  which  lies  in 

the 

Crystalline  Carbonate  of  Lime,  which  prevails  to  the  E  ,  con- 
tiguous to  the  great  bed  of  Franklinite.  Near  the  same  lo- 
cality is  one  or  two  veins  of 

,/lugite,  nearly  white,  and  compact,  massive,  or  minutely  lam- 
ellar, in  some  parts  intimately  blended  with  specks  of  vio- 
Jet,  granular 


NEW  JERSEY,  163 

Feldspar,  resembling  petrosilex  ;  also 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  Brown  Garnet,  dark 
green,  granular  augite,  like  the  coccolite  of  lake  Champlain  j 
something  of  nearly  the  same  color,  which  may  prove  the 

Gahmte,  occasionally  in  octahedrons,  and  pale  bluish  green, 
prismatic  and  translucent  crystals  which  are  probably 

Phosphate  of  Lime.  These  veins  are  contiguous  to  the  junc- 
tion of  the  sienitic  granite,  and  ^carbonate  of  lime,  before 
mentioned,  and  they  stand  up  in  crests  from  the  carbonate 
of  lime,  in  which  they  are  imbedded.  (Sil.  5.243  ) 

Automalite,  mentioned  above  as  gahnite,  occurs  in  regular 
octahedrons,  imbedded  in  talcose  rocks.  (J.  A.  JV.  »S  P. 
2.249.)  A  little  distance  from  the  before  mentioned  vein 
there  is  another,  apparently  much  broader  in  its  dimen- 
tions,  being  a  mixture  of  green  feldspar,  black  hornblende, 
grey  quartz,  whitish  augite,  mica,  and  occasionally  sphene. 
In  the  cavities  of  this  vein,  and  often  considerably  below 
the  surface,  is  found 

Spinelle,  (ceylanite,)  in  bluish  green  octahedrons,  in  considera- 
ble abundance,  in  size  from  a  pin's  head  to  |  an  inch  in 
length.  In  these  cavities  they  are  commonly  associated 
with  augite  crystals,  quartz,  hornblende,  green  feldspar, 
crystals  of  phosphate  of  lime,  and  in  some  specimens  im- 
bedded mica, 

Arsenical  Pyrites,  and  traces  of  galena.  These  specimens 
bear  an  astonishing  resemblance  to  those  of  Vesuvius,  con- 
taing  ceylanite. 

Brucite,  or  Chondrodite,  though  abundant  at  Franklin,  it  is 
here  opaque,  and  of  a  deeper  tinge  of  color  than  at  the 
town  of  Sparta,  where  the  finest  and  clearest  masses  are 
obtained.  It  occurs  thickly  disseminated,  often  towards 
the  base  of  the  calcareous  beds,  and  contiguous  to  foreign 
infiltrations,  or  veins.  A  m.  S.  of  Franklin  furnace  it  is 
imbedded  in  a  grey,  massive  augite,  accompanied  by  mica, 
and  Fluate  of  jLime  ;  the  blue  fluate  here  forms  slender  il- 
linitions  in  the  marble. 

Tremoiite  occurs  near  to  the  last  mentioned  spot,  and  small, 
imbedded  crystals  of  white  augite,  and 

Jlctynolite  ;  short  crystals  of  augite,  almost  black  are  also  now 

and  then  visible  ; 

Green  Feldspar,  of  a  beautiful  apple  green,  occurs  imbedded 
in  the  crystalline  carbonate  of  lime,  accompanied  by 


164  NEW  JERSEY. 

Mica,  in  perfect  crystals,  and 
Graphite,  in  hexagonal  plates. 

Hornblende,  a  very  brilliant  pale  green  passing  into  actynolite. 
is  often  found  massive,  and  in  implicated,  crystalline,  confus- 
ed crusts  over  the  surface  of  the  calcareous  beds.  This  horn- 
blende considerably  resembles  the  supposed  nypetsthene  of 
Delaware.  It  forms  a  new  species,  to  which  it  is  proposed 
to  give  the  name  of 

Madurite  ;  in  fusibility,  hardness,  color,  lamellar  texture,  me- 
tallic brilliancy,  and  specific  gravity  it  is  scarcely  to  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  greenstone.  (SiL  5.246.)  Maclurite, 
analyzed  by  Mr.  Seybert,  was  decided  to  be  Brucite.  (SiL 
5.336,  &  5.366.)  This  mineral  is  denlical  in  all  its 
characters,  both  external  and  chemical,  with  the  supposed 
hypersthene  of  Brandywine,  (Delaware,)  both  of  which  are 
now  ascertained  to  be  Lamellar  Pyroxene.  («/.  A.  wV.  S»  P* 
3.68.)  See  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

Jeffersonite.  (J.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  2.188.J     This  mineral  is  ascer- 
tained, from  cleavage  and   analysis,  to   be  a  variety  of  py- 
roxene. (Jl.  L.  MH  N.  Y.  1.3,  &;  J  A.  JV.  S.P.  3.105.) 
Green  Jlugite,  enormous  crystals  in  hexahedral  and  octahedral 
prisms,  are  found  near  the  junction  of  the  granite  and  crys- 
talline carbonate  of  lime,  accompanied  with  large 
Crystals  of  Feldspar, 

Prapolite,  or  Wernerite,  and  something  which  borders  on 
Spodumene.     On  the  margin  of  the  Mill  pond,  at  the  furnace, 
a  vein  of  arsenical   pyrites,  mixed  with  what  resembles  the 
sulphuret  of  cobalt  or   nickel,   with  a  substance  somewhat 
like  blende  was  found,  accompanied  by  the  chondrodite. 
Argillaceous  Fluatc  oj  Lime  ?  nearly   or  quite  opaque,  in  nu- 
merous, and   generally  amorphous,  dull,   greyish  blue   no- 
dules,   imbedded    in    another   limestone,    abounding    with 
sphene,  dark  colored   granules,  and  minute  crystals  of  au- 
gite. 

Secondary  Limestone,  near  Dr.  Fowler's  house,  containing  or- 
ganic remains,  and  layers  of 

Black  Hornstone,  or  petrosilex.  This  rock,  as  well  as  the 
grauwacke  beneath,  presents  disseminated  crystals  offluate  oj 
lime.  In  the  limestone,  the  cavities  are  sometimes  very 
numerous,  and  lined  both  with  pseudomorphous  masses, 
and  cubes  of  blue  and  while  fluate,  and 
Quartz  Crystals.  (SiL  5.244  to  247.) 


NEW  JERSEY.  IG5 

Ytlro  Cerite,  discovered  by  Col.  Gibbs.  (Sil.  6.379.) 


Vesuvinn. 

Tourmaline. 

Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper. 

Green  Carbonme   of     opper.  (J.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  2.287.) 

White.  Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  in  octahedral  crystals. 

Beryl,  fine  apple  green  color  in  the  form  of  peridocahedral 
prisms  imbedded  with  bnicite  in  carbonate  of  lime  ;  also 
the  phosphate  of  lime  of  an  asparagus  green  color,  some  of 
them  i  an  inch  long,  and  are  associated  with  green  actyno- 
lite,  and  scapolite  ;  all  these  occur  near  Franklin.  (J.  A. 
B.V.  S.  1J  3.224.^) 

Siliceous  Oxide  of  Zinc,  in  hexagonal  prisms,  with  dihedral 
KMMiiuiiiions,  associated  with  garnet,  pyroxene,  &c. 

Carbonate  of  Zinc,  (calamine,)  besides  coating  the  red  oxide 
of  zinc,  it  is  found  in  very  small  veins,  or  fissures,  in  the 
Fnmklinite,  N.  E.  of  the  furnace.  (J.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  4.8) 

Oolite,  and 

Coccvlite;  black  and  green.  (G.  W.  Carpenter.)  See  Stir- 
ling. 

GREENPOND.       See  MORRIS  CO. 
HADDONF1ELD. 

Marl.  (I.  Lea.) 

HAMBURG  < 

Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Fluate  oj  Lime,   on  the  turnpike   to  Pompton,   in  a  vein  of 

quartz  and  feldspar. 

Graphite,  f«ligted,  and  very  flexible,  in  foliated  limestone. 
Siilpnuret  of  Zinc.     At  this   place,  blende   is  associated  with 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Oxide  vf  «    anganese,  near.  (C.) 
White  kiraphite,  western  base  of  the  Highlands,  in  limestone. 

(Sil  5.265.) 
Sulphuret  of  JlJolybdena,  4i  m.   from  Hamburg,  imbedded   in 

a  mineral  which  is  probably  a  variety  of 

.     The  molybdena  occurs  in  laminae,  sometimes  more 

than  an  inch  in  diameter.     Beautiful  massive,  blue  fluate  of 

lime,  same  locality.  (Sil.  5.401.) 


166  NEW  JERSEY. 

Scapolite,  containing  graphite. 
JSrucite.  (Sil  6.250.) 

HOBOKEN. 

Magnesian  Limestone  forms  veins  from  1  line  to  1  foot  wide, 
traversing  serpentine,  very  white,  sometimes  granular,  gen- 
erally very  compact,  resembling  opaque  quartz. 

Pulverulent  Carbonate  of  Magnesia,  in  horizontal  veins,  near- 
ly 2  inches  wide,  traversing  serpentine,  which  here  pre- 
sents a  mural  precipice  from  60  to  100  feet  high;  the  car- 
bonate occurs  at  about  the  middle  height. 

Nemalite,  or  Jlmianthoid  Jlagnesite,  in  the  serpentine  rocks, 
pale  blue,  resembling  amianthus. 

Amianthus,  pale  green,  with  a  satin  lustre,  in  serpentine. 

Hydrate  of  Magnesia,  in  veins,  from  a  few  lines  to  2  inches 
thick,  traversing  the  serpentine  in  various  directions. 

Serpentine.  It  forms  an  insulated  mass,  and  constitutes  a 
great  part  of  the  promontory,  dark  green  ;  it  contains  small 
grains  and  crystals  ofchromate  of  iron. 

Indurated  'Talc. 

Chr  ornate  of  Iron,  in  octahedral  crystal*,  in  serpentine  and  oth- 
er magnesian  rocks  ;  it  also  occurs  granular  and  amorphous. 
Chromate  of  iron  is  occasionally  found  from  Bare  Hills, 
near  Baltimore,  extending  N  easterly  through  Pennsylvania, 
New  Jersey,  and  New  York  to  Milford,  in  Connecticut.  (C.) 

Marmolite, .in  narrow  veins  in  serpentine.  (Sil.  4.19.)  This 
mineral,  possessing  no  specific  difference  from  serpentine, 
may  be  called,  with  propriety,  lamellar  serpentine.  (J.  •/?• 
A".  S.  P.  3.129.) 

HUNTERDON  CO. 

Graphite.  (C.)     See  Trenton. 

IMLAYTOWN. 

Green  Earth,  near.  (C.) 

Phosphate  of  Iron,  Hyrat  of  Iron,  crystallized  and  massive, 
and  in  considerable  quantities^  near.  The  crystals  are  trans- 
lucent, and  have  a  laminated  and  radiated  appearance  ;  col- 
or dark  blue. 

Earthy  Marl,  imbedding  organic  remains.  (/.  Lea.) 

LIVINGSTON. 

Radiated  Zeolite.  (Sil.  7.58.) 


NEW  JERSEY.  167 

LONG  HILL. 

Prehnite,  in  a  greenstone  range,  which  commences  near  Chat- 
ham, and  extends  10  m.  (Sil.  2.197.) 

MAURICE  RIVER. 

Sand,  suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  flint  glass.  (Sck.) 

MONMOUTH  CO. 

Earthy  Marl,  abundant. 

Earthy  Phosphate  oj  Iron,  in  this  county,  and  various  other 
parts  of  the  state.  (C.)  See  Allentown,  and  Navesink  Hill. 

MORRIS  CO. 

drragonite,  at  the  Succasnnny  mine. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  asparagus  stone,  near  Green  pond,  in 

Sulphuret  of  Iron  (C.)  An  extensive  bed  of  sulphuret  of 
iron  lies  near  the  eastern  base  of  Copperas  mountain,  near- 
ly opposite  to  Green  pond.  (*il.  5.28.) 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  The  bed  is  nearly  perpendicular, 
and  has  been  worked  to  the  depth  of  100  feet.  (C.) 

Native  Magnet  is  found  near  Rarnapaugh  works,  and  at  Suc- 
casunny.  (  il.  5.28.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  has  been  seen  in  the  grey  wacke  ranges  ad- 
jacent to  Green  pond. 

Red  Oxide  of  Zinc  is  abundant  in  the  Highlands.    (Sil.  5.30.) 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  near  Green  pond,  where  copperas  was  man- 
ufactured during  the  late  war.  (Sil.  5.265.) 

NAVESINK  HILLS. 

Alum,  in  white   granular  concretions,  on  argillaceous  strata. 
Columnar  Argillaceous  Oxide  oj  Iron.  (C.) 
Marl.     The  marl  district  extends  irom  these  hills  to  the  Del- 
aware, and  is  in  width  about  12  m.  (Sil.  6.239.) 

NEWARK. 

Prehnite,  near  Newark  bay  ;  it  occurs  in  light  green,  radiated 
masses,  sometimes  one  foot  in  diameter ;  sometimes  it  is 
almost  compact,  (C.)  in  ledges  of  fine  grained  greenstone 
that  border  the  eastern  shore  of  Newark  bay, — for  several 
miles.  (SU.  2.163.) 


168  NEW  JERSEY. 

Peat,  in  considerable  quantities :  used  as  fuel  for  20  years. 
(Hall.) 

NEWTON. 

Sulphate  ofBarytes,  near,  both  in  lamellar  masses  and  tabular 
crystals,  in  a  vein  traversing 

Limestone,  and  in  its  vicinity  are  found  detached  masses  of 
the  sulphate  of  barytes,  containing  a  spheroidal  nucleus  of 
Chalcedony,  quartz,  limestone,  &c.  5  or  6  inches  in  diameter. 

Silico-  Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  imbedded  in 

Lamellar  Carbonate  of  Lame,  with 

Graphite.  (C.) 

PAQ,UANACK  MOUNTAIN. 

Satin  Spar,  near  Pompton  plain,  in  narrow  veins,  in 

Jasper,  which  is  found  in  secondary  greenstone. 

Jlmethyst. 

Chalcedony,  in  secondary  greenstone,  or  in  detached  masses, 

with  quartz  and  jasper.  (C.) 
Crystals  of  Quartz, 
Smoky  Quartz, 
Radiated  Quartz, 
Agate,  from  the  size  of  a  pin's  head  to  3  Ib.     Sometimes  the 

eyed  and  fortified  agates. 
Prehnite, 
Zeolite,  and 
Jlnalcime,  are  found  imbedded  in  the  summit  rocks,  generally 

in  decaying  greenstone,  in   the  range  adjacent  to  Pompton 

plains.    (Si/.  2.197.) 
Sulphate  of  Iron.  (Si/.  5.267.) 

PATTERSON. 

Siliceous  Borate  of  Lime,  Datholite,  near  the  Falls  in  the 
Passaic.  The  crystals  are  usually  aggregated,  and  partly 
engaged  in  their  gangue,  transparent,  pale  green,  sometimes 
almost  white,  associated  with  stilbite,  analcime,  prehnite, 
&c.  in  a  rock,  which  appears  to  be  a  decomposed  amygda- 
loid. 

Radiated  Quartz,  near  the  Falls,  in  greenstone. 

Amethyst,  in  greenstone,  sometimes  in  6  sided,  transparent 
prisms,  more  frequently  in  imperfect  prismatic  crystals,  or 
in  groups  of  long>  slender  prisms,  which  sometimes  radiate 
from  a  centre. 


NEW  JERSEY.  163 

jtgate,  near,  in  greenstone,  and  in  most  of  the  greenstone  hills 
of  the  state 

Prehnite,  in  secondary  greenstone,  where  it  forms  fibrous 
masses,  on  the  surface  of  which  it  appears  in  small  crystals. 

btilbite,  in  secondary  greenstone,  both  in  crystals  and  globu- 
lar masses,  often  associated  with  prehnite. 

Zeolite,  in  greenstone  ;  its  crystals  sometimes  traverse  preh- 
nitp. 

Jlnalcime,  in  greenstone,  and  a  decomposed  mineral  resem- 
bling wacke,  associated  with 

Calcareous  Spar,  zeolite,  datholite,  and  prehnite  ;  it  is  amor- 
phous ancl  in  crystals. 

Green  Earth,  in  amygdaloid,  where  it  occurs  in  oblong,  or 
spheroidal  masses,  containing  a  nucleus  of  carbonate  of 
lime.  (C.) 

Bituminous  Coal,  near,  and  in  several  places  near  the  Passaic, 
in  thin  layers  connected  with  sandstone,  and 

Shale.  (Sil.  2.190.) 

Mesotype, 

Chabasie,  stilbite,  and  prehnite,  in  nodules,  and  agates,  are 
found  in  the  dispersed  cavities  of  the  trap,  and  in  one  local- 
ity fine  crystals  of  datholite.  Some  of  the  cavities  of  this 
amygdaloid,  which  resembles  the  loadstone  of  Derbyshire, 
are  lined  with  crystallized  carbonate  of  lime,  and  small, 
greenish  crystals  of  datholite ;  others  are  exclusively  lined 
with  druses  of 

Chlorite,  crystallized  or  lamellar.  (Sil.  5.239.J 

Carbonate  of  Copper,  with 

Quartz,  in  radiating  groups.  (Sil.  5.268.J 


Sulphate  ofBarytes,  on  the  W.  side  of  Paulin's  Kill,  not  far 
from  the  locality  in  Newton,  in  a  vein  traversing  limestone. 
(C.) 

PINE  BARRENS. 

Agatized  Wood.    It  is  susceptible  of  a  good  polish.  (C.) 

PLUCKEMIN. 

Copper  Ores ;  new  shafts  have  been  recently  sunk,  near,  at 
an  old  copper  mine.  (Sil.  2.198.) 

22 


170  NEW  JERSEY. 

POMPTON  PLAINS. 

Granular  Limestone,  westerly,  in  primitive  rocks. 

Serpentine,  N.  VV.  from,  in  primitive  rocks,  associated  with 

Talc,  and 

JLsbestus. 

Granular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  the  southern  part  of 

Pompton  Plain  it  is  explored  and  mixed  with  the  harder  ox- 
ides of  iron.  (C) 
Peat.     Pompton  Plain  is  marshy,  and   embraces  about  1500 

acres  of  peat  ground.  (Sil.  2.196.) 
Sahlite,  pale  green,  in   abundant   masses,   connected   with  a 

beautiful  white  carbonate  of  lime,  or  marble,  contiguous  to 

a  formation  of  diaphanous 
Serpentine,  greenish  yellow,  traversed  like  that  of  Newburg, 

with 
Amianthus,  in  silky  seams,  contiguous  to  the  western  declivity 

of  the  Pompton  mountains. 
Labrador  Feldspar,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  hills  of  Pompton,  in 

a  large  rounded  mass,   sparingly    mixed   with   hornblende. 

(Sil.  5.241.)     See  Stony  Brook  Mou. rains. 

PAULUS  HOOK. 
Jlgate,  a  rolled  mass  was  found  near.  (Sil.  1.336.) 

PRACKNES  MOUNTAIN. 

Chalcedony,  sometimes   invested   by  an  opaque,  mammillary, 

white  coat,  which  appears  to  be 
Cacholong. 

Coal  exists  in  thin  layers,  connected  with  sandstone  and 
Shale.  (C.) 

PRINCETON. 

Phosphate  of  Alumine,  Wavellite,  is  said  to  have  been  found, 

in  a  bed  of  Clay  Slate. 
Crystallized  Quartz  is  not  uncommon,  but  the  crystals  are 

generally  imperfect,  and  not  very  transparent. 
Siliceous  Sand,  a  very  excellent  bed,  us^d  for  mortar,  is  near 

the  road  side,  S.  E.  of  the  village. 
Agatized   Wood,   specimens  of  recently  petrified   wood  are 

sometimes  met  with,  lying  on  the  surface. 
Clay  Slate,  a  bed,  very  proper  for  building  stone,  crosses  the 

road  at  the  N.  end  of  the  town. 


NEW  JERSEY.  171 

Shale,  along  the  margin  of  Stony  brook. 

Yelloiv  Earth  is  found  on  the  side  of  a  hill  in  the  neighbour- 
hood ;  it  is  used  for  painting,  and  is  considered  as  a  very 
good  substitute  for  the  tena  de  sienna. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  cubical  crystals  are  found  imbedded  in 
shale,  along  the  margin  of  Stony  brook.  (Sil.  5.254.) 

RUTGERS. 
Red  Oxide  of  Zinc,  at  the  iron  mine.  (C.) 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN. 

Native  Magnet,  (C.)  very  abundant ;  also 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  Furnaces  are  in  operation  in  the 
eastern  and  western  districts  of  the  chain. 

Limestone,  towards  the  foot  of  the  hills,  skirting  the  valleys 
along,  quarried  for  making  lime. 

Flint,  in  detached  masses,  along  the  vallies  and  side  hills,  of 
excellent  quality,  and  very  abundant. 

Petuntze  ?  feldspar,  very  abundant.  (Bruce,  73.) 

Siderographite.  A  new  mineral  resembling  graphite,  consist- 
ing of  metallic  iron,  54.25,  and  graphite  11.50,  (Sit.  2.370.) 


Calcareous  Spar,  in  short  6  sided  prisms,  with  3  sided  sum- 
mits, and  in  double  6  sided  pyramids. 

Native  Copper. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  in  a  red  sandstone  formation,  accompa- 
nied with  the 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  and 

Carbonate  of  Copper.  The  ore  is  considerably  abundant 
here  ;  some  shafts  were  sunk  300  feet  deep. 

Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper. 

Fibrous  Malachite,  in  emerald  green  groups  of  crystalline 
fibres,  diverging  from  a  point,  or  in  tufts  of  short  fibres,  re- 
sembling velvet.  It  is  sometimes  associated  with  Sulphuret 
of  Copper,  and  Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Compact  Malachite,  in  mammillary  concretions,  and  some- 
times accompanied  by  red  oxide  of  copper. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc.  (C.) 

Dogtooth  Spar,  filling  veins.  This  mine  is  1  m.  E.  of  Bell- 
ville.  (Sti.  2.194.; 


NEW  JERSEY. 

SCOTCH  PLAINS. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  near,  in   elongated,  tabular  crystals  wltk 
Limestone,  in  greenstone. 

Prehnite,   in  secondary  greenstone,    where   it   forms  fibrous 
masses,  on  the  surface  of  which  it  appears  in  small  crystals. 
Stilbite,  in  foliated  and  fibrous  masses,  in  greenstone. 
Zeolite,  in  greenstone.  (C.) 

SNAKE  HILL. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near,  N.  from  the  Raritan,  in  grey 
sandstone.  (C.) 

SNUFFTOWN. 

Compact  Feldspar.  (C.) 

SOUTH  AMBOT. 

Alum,  in  considerable  quantities,  on 

Potter's  Clay,  which  occurs  in  large  quantities,  greyish  white, 
adheres  to  the  tongue,  is  infusible,  and  is  much  employed 
in  the  manufacture  of  slone  ware,  and  crucibles.  (C.) 

SPARTA. 

Ferruginous  Carbonate  of  Lime. 

Brucite,  in  white  foliated 

Limestone,  which  rests  on  gneiss,  and  contains  graphite  and 
mica. 

Garnet,  amorphous,  brownish  yellow,  accompanying  the 
Franklinite. 

Graphite,  near,  foliated  and  very  flexible,  in  foliated  limestone. 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  near,  in  masses,  which  break  into 
large  regular  tables. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  the  yellow  variety  is  accompanied  by 
graphite. 

Red  Oxide  of  Zinc,  near. 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Titanium. 

JMaclurite,  near,  in  carbonate  of  lime.  This  mineral  is  ascer- 
tained to  be  brucite.  (C.)  See  Franklin. 

Compact  Grey  Limestone,  in  many  places  between  this  and 
Hamburg,  near  the  base  of  the  mountains,  resting  on  prim- 
itive rocks.  (»St7.  5.30.) 

Shot  Ore,  so  called,  from  its  being  used  as  a  substitute  for 
shot,  near,  in  company  with  the  red  oxide  of  zinc.  (Sit. 
5.41.) 


NEW  JERSEY.  1/76 

Franklinite,  in  the  valley  of  Sparta.  The  eastern  bed  ap- 
pears like  a  black  mountain  mass,  at  least  30  or  40  feet 
wide.  This  mineral  occasionally  presents  cavities  lined 
with  regular  octahedral  crystals.  This  bed  of  Franklinite 
continues  7  m.  in  its  whole  range.  (8il.  5.242.)  See  Frank- 
lin and  Stirling.  Chondrodite,  or  brucite,  disseminated 
in  masses  usually  about  the  size  of  a  hazle  nut,  more  or 
less  of  a  rhombic  form,  throughout  a  white  and  foliated 
limestone,  generally  containing  scattered  hexahedral  laminae 
of  graphite,  and  more  rarely 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  in  bluish,  pellucid  crystals.  Brucite  is 
by  no  means  uncommon  throughout  the  valley  of  Sparta  ; 
but  the  finest  and  clearest  masses  are  obtained  at  the  town 
of  Sparta.  (sil.  5.245.) 

Jeffersonite.  It  has  a  great  resemblance  to  pyroxene.  (SiL 
5.402.)  This  mineral  is  ascertained,  from  cleavage  and 
analysis,  to  be  a  variety  of  pyroxene.  (SiL  7.145.;  &  (A. 
L.  JV.  H.  A*.  Y.  1.3.;  See  Franklin. 

Diallage.  (3.  A.  wV.  8.  P.  2.288.) 

Siliceous  Oxide  of  Zinc,  in  hexagonal  prisms  with  dihedral 
terminations.  (J.  A.  JV.  S.  P.  4.8.) 

STIRLING. 

Red  Oxide  of  Zinc,  (C.)  3  m.  from  Franklin  furnace,  forming 
a  mountain  mass  or  hugo  cliff,  in  which  are  thickly  imbed- 
ded crystals  of 

Franklinite,  forming  a  metalliferous  porphyry.  On  the  sides 
of  the  seams  abundance  of  octahedral  crystals  of  Franklinite 
are  often  well  developed,  while  those  of  the  interior  are 
commonly  pseudomorphous. 

Carbonate  of  Zinc  appears  in  numerous  illinitions  throughout 
the  interior  of  the  mass.  This  ore  merely  pounded  and 
mixed  with  copper  has  been  profitably  employed  for  mak- 
ing brass. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  beds,  accompanied  by  hornblende 
rocks,  often  within  a  few  f^et  to  the  W.  of  the  Franklinite 
bed.  (SiL  5.242.)  Red  Zinc  Ore,  improperly  called  Red 
Oxide  of  Zinc,  in  Franklinite,  occurs  in  several  places,  but 
in  greatest  quantity,  and  in  the  purest  state  at  Stirling.  (J. 
A.  JV.  S.  P.  4.7.;  Franklinite  occurs  in  the  largest  crys- 
tals at  Stirling ;  smaller  and  most  numerous  at  Franklin. 
(J.  W.  JF.2.135.; 


174  NEW  JERSEY. 

Vysluite,  a  new  mineral,  associated  with  the  siliceous  oxide 
of  zinc,  &c.  (J  Jl.  JT.  fif.  P.  2.287.) 

Siliceous  O\ide,  or  Silicate  of  Zinc ,  at  Stirling  and  Franklin, 
most  abundant  at  Stirling ;  it  occurs  in  concretions,  or 
grains  ;  also  in  amorphous  masses,  and  likewise  crystallized 
in  hexagonal  prisms  with  dihedral  terminations,  which  are 
sometimes  1  inch  in  diameter,  and  2  inches  long,  some  are 
even  much  larger.  Their  color  varies  from  a  light  green- 
ish yellow,  to  a  deep  flesh  red,  and  translucent,  associated 
with  Franklinite,  the  red  zinc  ore,  the  dysluite,  carbonate 
of  lime,  and  mica  ;  very  abundant.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  4.8.) 

White  Sulphuret  of  Zinc.  (Geo.  W.  Carpenter.) 

STONY  BROOK  MOUNTAINS. 

Granular  Limestone,  clear  white,  and  very  fine. 

Marble,  grayish  white  embracing  numerous  grains  of  noble 
serpentine  ;  it  admits  of  a  good  polish. 

Noble  Serpentine,  bright  green  color,  admitting  a  good  polish  ; 
in  the  same  vicinity. 

Amianthus,  very  beautiful,  alternating  with 

IZWc,  in  narrow  veins,  associated  with  noble  serpentine. 

Chlorite  Slate  is  common  W.  of  Pompton  plains,  in  the  Stony 
brook  mountains.  (Sil.  5.29.) 

Tremolite,  beautiful,  connected  with  the  white  granular  lime- 
stone. (Sil.  5.30.;  See  Pompton  Plains. 

SUCKASUNNY.       See  MORRIS   CO. 
SOMERVILLE  COPPER  MINE. 

Green  Quartz,  in  tabular,  partly  noded  masses.  A  beautiful, 
mineral,  resembling  chrysoprase. 

Prehnite,  in  cavities  in  the  greenstone,  very  fine. 

Mountain  Leather,  in  thin  plates,  very  tenaceous  when  moist- 
ened. 

Native  Silver,  in  small  masses,  disseminated  through  the  phos- 
phate, and  crystallized  red  oxide  of  copper. 

Native  Copper,  in  irregular  masses  from  1  ounce  up  to  23  Ib. 

Red  O*ide  of  Copper,  the  massive  variety  is  the  common  ore 
of  the  mines.  It  is  also  found  crystallized  in  octahedra,  the 
surfaces  of  which  are  exceedingly  brilliant,  excelling  in 
beauty  those  from  Cornwall. 

Carbonate  of  Copper,  green,  in  connexion  with  the  phosphate. 


NEW  JERSEY.  175 

Phosphate  of  Copper,  massive,  verdigris  color,  generally  ac- 
companying the  native  copper.  (Sil.  5.401.) 

Siliceous  Hydrate  of  Copper,  in  the  copper  mine  belonging  to 
Mr.  I.  Camaans,  massive  and  opaque,  color  bluish  green, 
occurs  as  an  incrustation  on  the 

Ferruginous  Copper  Ore,  of  that  mine,  and  is  accompanied 
by  native  copper,  the  crystallized  red  oxide  of  copper, 

Green  Malachite,  and  by  native  silver.  This  siliceous  hydrate 
is  what  has  been  supposed  to  be  a  phosphate.  (Sil.  8.1 18.) 

SUSSEX  CO. 

Mica,  in  limestone,  in  extremely  short  prisms,  which,  before 
broken,  resemble  garnets. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  its  gangue  is  sometimes  the 

Red  O  lide  of  Zinc,  which  occurs  in  the  iron  mines  in  Frank- 
lin, Stirling,  and  Rutgers,  and  near  Sparta,  in  this  Co.  ( C.) 

Limestone,  ranges  through  this  Co.  embracing 

Brucite, 

Zircon, 

Talc,  and 

Graphite.  (Sil.  5.30.)  See  Andover  furnace,  Ashbury,  Frank- 
lin, Hamburg,  Newton,  Sparta,  Stirling,  and  Wantage. 

TRENTON. 

Jasper,  near,  of  various  colors. 

Zircon,  near,  in  gneiss,  with  a  greenish  feldspar.  (C.)  This 
locality  is  at  the  falls  of  the  Delaware  at  Trenton,  about  20 
yards  above  the  eastern  abutment  of  the  bridge,  in  gneiss, 
generally  in  small  4  sided  prisms,  of  a  dark  brownish  red, 
imbedded  in  pale  blue  quartz,  and  greenish  feldspar. 
(7.  Lea.) 

Basanite,  at  the  falls,  in  rolled  masses. 

Epidote,  in  green  6  sided  prisms.  (C.) 

Coccolite,  in  foliated  limestone,  and  in  quartz,  and  massive, 
same  locality,  with  the  zircon.  (tiU.  6.250.)  What  locality 
of  zircon  ? 

UNIONTOWN. 

Compact  Peat,  near  Springfield,  of  a  superior  quality,  resting  on 
Marl,  and  supposed  to  extend  through  a  morass  of  500  acres. 
(Sil.  2.19SJ 


176  NEW  JERSEY- 

WANTAGE. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  yellow,  flat,  rhora- 
boidal  prisms,  with  trihedral  summits,  sometimes  transpa- 
rent, imbedded  in  an  aggregate  of  hornblende  and  feldspar, 
which  constitutes  a  vein,  traversing  a  granitic  mountain. 
(C.)  This  vein  is  from  1  to  3  and  4  feet  thick,  near  Mr. 
Beamer's,  about  12  m.  from  Hamburg.  (Bruce,  242.) 

WEHAWK. 

Kaolin,  near^  pulverulent,  greyish  white,  considerably  abun- 
dant. (C.) 

WHITEHILL. 

Amber  has  been  found  in  considerable  quantities,  on  the  Del- 
aware at  this  place,  with 
Pyrites,  and 
Carbonized  Wood.  (I.  Lea.) 

WOODBRIDGE. 

Native  Copper,  in  grains  and  plates,  disseminated  in  a  black- 
ish, friable  rock.  (C.) 

Pipe  Clay,  in  extensive  beds,  in  the  alluvial  tract,  situated  be- 
tween Wood  bridge  and  Amboy.  (SU.  2.198.) 

WOODBURY. 

Jasper,  near,  of  various  colors. 
Amber,  near,  in  large  plates  in  a  bed  of 
Marl  (C.) 

Bituminous  Wood,  black,  and  of  a  poi&ctly  ligneous  texture. 
(Jf.  Lea.) 


177 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Ltimpid  Quartz,  and 

Yellow  Quartz,  in  many  places  E.  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 

Aluminous  Slate  occurs  in  the  western  counties. 

Shale,  with  coal  and  Anthracite. 

Graphic  Slate  is  found  abundantly  on  the  Susquehanna. 

Petroleum,  in  the  western  part  of  the  state. 

Anthracite,  on  the  N.  eastern  branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and 
extends  E.  about  30  m.  and  W.  2  or  3  m. ;  also  near  the 
heads  of  the  Lahawanock,  Fishing,  Muncy,  Lehigh,  and 
Schuylkill  rivers.  It  extends  down  the  Susquehanna  to 
about  10  m.  below  Sunbury,  and  down  the  Schuylkill  to 
about  20  m.  above  Reading. 

Coal,  on  the  western  side  of  the  Susquehanna,  extending  from 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Juniata  through  all  the  country  wa- 
tered by  the  W.  branch  of  the  Susquehanna  and  its  streams 
to  Pittsburg,  and  thence  down  the  Ohio  and  its  streams. 
The  coal  of  Pennsylvania  is  said  to  extend  over  one  third 
part  of  the  state.  (C.) 

AARONSBERG. 

Black  Marble,  compact  limestone,  containing  white  specks 
like  the  Kilkenny  marble.  (C.) 

ABINGTON. 

Blue  Quartz,  near,  amorphous.  (C.) 

ADAMS  CO. 

Breccia  Marble,  abundant.  (C.)  See  McKessenburg,  and 
Hamilton  Ban. 

ALLEGHANY  CO. 

Common  Argillaceous  O vide  of  Iron,  abundant;  it  is  here 
worked.  (C.)  See  Pittsburg. 

ALLENTOWN. 

Buhrstone,  or  cellular  quartz,  occurs  here,  and   is  employed 
/or  mill  stones.  (C.) 
23 


178  PENNSYLVANIA. 

ARMSTRONG. 

Common  Argillaceous  Oxide  oj  Iron  is  here  wrought.  (Sch.) 

BALD  EAGLE  MOUNTAIN.   See  FRANKSTOWN. 
BALD  EAGLE  VALLEY. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in 
Limestone.  (C.) 

BARREN  HILL. 

Garnet,  12  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  dodecahedrons,  some- 
times 5  inches  in  diameter. 

Sulphur,  granular,  or  pulverulent,  in  reddish  white  quartz,  and 
originates  from  the  decomposition  of 

Sulphuret  of  Iron.  (C.) 

BEDFORD  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  in  large  quantities,  in  secondary  rocks, 
at  the  W.  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  (C.)  See  Bald  Eagle 
Valley,  Bald  Eagle  Mountain,  and  Cumberland  Valley. 

BETHLEHEM. 

Basanite,  near.  (C.) 

BLUE  RIDGE. 

Quartz,  elegantly  stained  blue  and  green  by  carbonate  of  cop- 
per. 

Epidote,  very  beautiful,  with  green,  and  other  shades  of  cop- 
per scattered  in  quartz  ;  the  blue  is  prevalent  and  abundant 
in  the  Blue  Ridge.  Quartz  and  epidote,  with 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  and 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  and 

Native  Copper,  abundant.  (Sil.  5.256.)    See  Nicholson's  Gap^ 

BRANDYW1NE  CREEK. 

Feldspar,  at  Dupont's  lower  powder  manufactory,  in  a  trap, 
or  hornblende  rock,  reddish  dark  brown. 

Hypersthene,  same  place,  in  a  vein  traversing  a  primitive  horn- 
blende rock.  (C.)  This  is  now  ascertained  to  be  only  a 
variety  of  Pyroxene.  See  West  Point,  N.  Y. 

BRISTOL. 
Flint,  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  above  Bristol,  in  rolled 


PENNSYLVANIA.  179 

masses,  sometimes  containing  fossil  remains ;  also  near  the 
Schuylkill.  (C.) 

BROAD  MOUNTAIN. 

Oxide  of  Manganese  occurs  on  the  head  waters  of  Bear  creek* 
Lehigh,  and  Tobyhannah,  sometimes  in  compact,  detached 
masses,  and  sometimes  porous,  or  spungy — cellular,  the 
cavities  being  lined  with  minute,  brilliant  globules.  (C.) 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  perfect,  transparent  crystals.    (Sil.  8.233.) 

BUCKS   CO. 

Graphite,  in  considerable  quantity  ;  good  pencils  have  been 
made  from  this  graphite  in  New  York.  (C.)  See  New- 
hope. 

BUSTLETOWN. 

Graphite,  4  m.  from,  soft,  and  of  good  quality,  but  traversed 
by  veins  of  quartz.  (C.) 

CHESNUT  HILL. 

Cyanite,  near,  in  mica  slate. 

Green  Mica. 

Beryl,  10  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.,  on  Wichicon  creek,  in  regular  octar 

hedrons,  from  TV  to  |  an  inch  diameter,  in  talcose  rocks. 
Chromate  of  Iron.  (C.) 
Foliated  Iron  Ore,  so  called  here,  frequently  occurs  in  quartz 

rocks.  (I.  Lea.) 
Garnet,   in   large,  perfect  dodecahedrons,  abundant.  (G.  W. 

Carpenter.}     See  Easton. 

CHESTER. 

Green  Mica,  near. 

Schorl,  near. 

Beryl,  near. 

Kaolin,  3  m.  W.  in  large  quantities. 

Pyritous  Copper,  with 

Sulphuret  oj  Molybdena,  which  occurs  near  Chester,  massive, 
and  in  regular  6  sided  tables,  imbedded  in  the  white  quartz 
of  granite.  (C.)  The  sulphuret  of  molybdena  occurs  in 
considerable  quantities  on  Chester  creek,  near  a  saw  mill, 
3  m.  W.  from  the  town  of  Chester,  and  about  17  m.  S.  of 
Philadelphia,  in  granite,  accompanied  by 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

Sulphur -et  oj  Iron,  and 
Phosphate  of  Lime.  (1.  Lea.) 

CHESTER  CO. 

Magnesian  Limestone,  connected  with  primitive  strata,  ana1 
sometimes  contains  hornblende. 

Smoky  Quartz,  on  the  Brandy  wine,  well  crystallized. 

Blue  Quartz,  amorphous. 

Milky  Quartz,  14  m.  from  Philadelphia,  amorphous,  which 
easily  seperates  into  very  thin  laminae. 

Amethyst,  40  m.  from  Philadelphia,  near  the  Lancaster  turn- 
pike, in  large,  transparent  crystals,  of  a  rich  purple. 

Cyanite,  sometimes  in  masses  of  united  crystals,  I  foot  in 
length,  of  a  pale  blue  color. 

Epidote. 

Tremolite,  sometimes  with 

Carbonate  of  Lime, 

Asbestus,  and 

Serpentine. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  with 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and  pyritous  copper. 


j.  «/  *  1  •/ 

Magnetic  Oxide  oj  Iron. 
Pyritous    Copper.    (C.) 


See   Goshen,    Newlin,  and    West 
'Chester. 

CONCORD. 

Pyrepe,  at  Wilcox's  paper  mill,  1  m.   from  Concord,  color. 

fine  dark  red. 
Jlctynolite,  in  large  masses  of  an  emerald  green  color.  (C.) 

CONESTOGA  CREEK. 

Brown  Spar,  with 

Adularia,  which  is  transparent. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  Limestone,  accompanied  by  the 

Carbonate  of  Lead,  and 

Calamine.     Siliceous  oxide  ?  or  carbonate  of  zinc  ?     All  these 

minerals  occur  on  Conestoga  creek,  9  m.  from  Lancaster. 

(C.) 

CUMBERLAND  VALLEY. 

Fibrous  Limestone,  15m.  from  Bedford,  amber  colored,  and 
semitransparent.  (C.) 

DARBY.       See  DELAWARE  CO. 


PENNSYLVANIA,  181 

DALAWARE  CO. 

Amethyst,  in  transparent  crystals. 

Cyanite,  of  a  fine  blue  color,  in  primitive  rocks.  On  the 
Springfield  road,  about  200  yards  from  Darby  bridge,  it 
occurs  in  tabular,  or  compressed  crystals,  from  a  very  light 
to  a  dark  Prussian  blue,  in  gneiss. 

Glassy  Actynolite,  in  Concord. 

Chromate  of  Iron. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium  ;  its  crystals  have  been  found  adher- 
ing to  an  insulated  mass  of 

Smoky  Quartz,  penetrated  by  the  crystals  of  red  oxide  of  ti- 
tanium. (C.)  See  Chester,  and  Concord. 

EAST  MARLBOROUGH. 

Amethyst. 

Beryl. 

Tremolite,  in  masses  which  are  composed  of  fibres,  sometimes 

1  foot  long. 
Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  either  loose  in  the  soil,  or  imbedded 

in  limestone  ;  it  has  a  high,  metallic  lustre,  associated  with 
Ferruginous  O.cide  of  Titanium,  which  occurs  both  massi?e 

and  in  crystals ;  color,  black,  in  the  fissures  of 
Limestone,  with 
Calcareous  Spar,  and  quartz.  (C.) 

EASTON. 

Opal,  near,  strongly  characterized,  on  the  banks  of  the  Dela- 
ware. 

Flint,  near.  (C.) 

Transition  Limestone  abounds  in  the  vicinity. 
Transition  Clay  Slate. 

In  the  sienitic  range,  called  LEHIGH  HILLS. 

Prase,  2-1  m.  from  Easton,  near  the  old  Philadelphia  road. 

Tourmaline,  in  imperfect  prisms. 

Epidote,  compact  and  crystallized. 

Sahlite,  8  m.   from  Easton  by  the  side  of  the  river  road  to 

Philadelphia. 

Hornblende,  compact  and  lamellar,  with  the  prase. 
Chlorite,  compact  and  crystallized,  same  place. 
Native  Magnet, 
Common  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron, 


182  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron, 

Scaly  Red  Oxide  of  Iron, 

Compact  Red  Oxide  of  Iron, 

Ochrey  Red  Oxide  of  Iron, 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  compact  and  fibrous,  and 

•Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.     These  eight  foregoing  minerals 

occur  in  various  parts  of  the  Lehigh  range. 
Titaniferous  Iron  Sand  is  found  on  various  parts  of  the  Sienit- 

ic  hills,  after  heavy  rains. 

In  the  Sienite  of  CHESNUT  HILL,  which  is  near  4  m.  in  ex- 
tent, and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Easton,  are  found 

Tourmaline,  perfect,  in  veins  with  quartz. 

Epidote,  compact  and  crystallized. 

Manganesian  Epidote,  in  hexahedral  prisms. 

Sahlite,  in  small  quantity. 

Hornblende,  compact,  slaty. 

Chlorite. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  compact  and  scaly. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Chromate  of  Iron. 

Silico -Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium. 

In  the  Steatite  of  CHESNUT  HILL. 

Calcareous  Spar,  flesh  colored. 

Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  compact  and  crystallized. 

Brucite,  about  150  yards  above  Mr.  Wolfs  quarry,  on  the  op- 
posite shore  of  the  Delaware,  crystallized  in  carbonate  of 
lime. 

Zircon,  imbedded  in  talc ;  found  in  3  different  localities,  but 
not  very  abundant. 

Mica,  lamellar  and  crystallized  in  prisms. 

Nephrite,  in  large  masses. 

Saussurite,  bluish  green,  translucent. 

Scapolite. 

Schaalstein,  in  small  prismatic  concretions. 

Tremolite,  common,  glassy,  and  fibrous,  very  abundant. 

Jlsbestus,  compact  and  ligniform. 

Amianthus. 

Jlugite,  green,  imbedded  in  flesh  colored  carbonate  of  lime. 

Coccolite,  various  shades  of  green. 


PENNSYLVANIA.  183 

Hornblende. 

Actynolite,  glassy  and  fibrous. 

Precious  Serpentine,  dark  green,  shades  of  yellow  and  green. 

Common  Serpentine. 

Talc,  crystallized  in  large  masses,  green,  white,  silvery  white, 

common. 

Indurated  and  Scaly  1  ale. 
Steatite,  in  large  quantities,  quarried. 
Graphite,  granular  and  foliated,  imbedded  in  talc  and  trerao- 

lite,  in  different  parts  of  the  range. 
Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  and 
Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  in  minute  portions. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubic  and  dodecahedial  prisms. 

In  Transition  Limestone. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  hexahedral  prisms. 

Marble,  veined,  4  m.  N.  W.  from  Easton. 

Agaric  Mineral,  and 

Fossil  Farina,  occur  abundantly  in  all  the  fissures  of  the  lime- 
stone. 

Pearl  Spar,  in  rhombs. 

Brown  Spar. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized  ;  in  some  of  the  ploughed  fields 
these  crystals  have  been  abundant. 

Hornstone,  of  various  colors,  generally  black. 

In  the  Diluvial  Formation. 
Chalcedony, 
Hyalite, 
Jasper,  and 
Basanitey  or  Lydian  Stone.  (Sil.  8.238  to  240.) 

EDGE  HILL. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron.  (C.) 

FALLS  OF  THE  DELAWARE. 

Semi  Opal,  near  Trenton  Bridge,  of  a  bluish  grey  color,  in 
granite.  (C.) 

FALLS  OF  THE  SCHUYLKILL.   See  PHILADELPHIA. 
FAYETTE  CO. 

Common  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron  is  worked  in  this  Co.  (C.) 


184  PENNSYLVANIA. 

FOX  CHASE.    See  PHILADELPHIA. 

FRANKFORD. 

Epidote,  near,  5  m.  from  Philadelphia.  (C.) 

FRANKSTOWN. 

Fibrous  Sulphate  ofStrontian,  near,  in  the  Bald  Eagle  moun- 
tain, in  layers  about  1  inch  thick,  between  the  strata  of  a 
brownish  grey  slate ;  color,  a  fine  light  blue  ;  no  speci- 
mens recently  obtained.  (C.) 

GERMANTOWN. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  Apatite,  in  granite  and  gneiss,  accompa- 
nied by  beryl, 

Garnets,  and 

Schorl. 

Asparagus  Stone  is  found  in  gneiss. 

Mica,  crystallized  in  6  sided  tables  and  prisms. 

Adularia  in  granite,  amorphous  and  transparent. 

Beryl,  in  granite,  finely  crystallized,  (C.)  ;  also  near,  on  Mr. 
C.  Peale's  farm.  (I.  Lea.} 

Melanite,  in  gneiss.  (C.)  This  is  believed  to  be  only  a  fine 
specimen  of  the  common  trapezoidal  garnet.  (1.  Lea.) 
Garnets  are  abundant  in  mica  slate.  (G.  W.  Carpenter.) 

Manganesian  Garnet,  fine  specimens.  (W.  Green.) 

Serpentine,  near,  in  disseminated,  but  partly  confluent  black- 
ish s;reen  masses,  blended  with  a  greyish  green,  confusedly 
laminated  tremolite,  closely  allied  to  hornblende,  precisely 
resembling  the  Fahlunite  of  Sweden,  except  in  analysis. 
(Sil  4.22.) 

GOSHEN. 

Native  Magnet  ;  its  polarity  is  strong.  (C.) 

HAMILTON. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  Apatite.  (C.) 

HAMILTON  BAN. 

Native  Copper.  ('C.) 

HANOVER. 

Smoky  Quartz,  fine  specimens  have  been  found  near.  (C.) 


PENNSYLVANIA.  Ififi 

JENKINTOWN. 

Kaolin,  near,  of  good  quality,  and  in  considerable  quantity. 
Hernatiiic  Brown  O-vide  of  Iron,  slalactical  and  mammillary  ; 
very  beautiful.  (C.) 

LANCASTER. 

Calcareous  Spar,  6  m.  S.,  in   delicate,  acicular  prisms,  some- 
times forming  diverging,  or  radiated  groups  in  the  fissures  of 
Clay  Slate. 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  with 
JMalac&ite. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  near. 
Oxide  of  Manganese,  near.    (C.) 

LANCASTER  CO. 

Chalcedony,  at  Little  Britain,  under   various  forms,  and  very 

beautiful. 
Clay  Slate.  (C.)     See  Conesloga  Creek,  and  Lancaster. 

LONDON  GROVE. 

Phosphate  of  Lime. 

Yellow  Tourmaline,  in  transparent  crystals,  with  the  silico-cai- 
careous  oxide  of  titanium. 

Tremolite,  in  bladed  and  fibrous  masses,  very  beautiful,  in 

Granular  Limestone. 

•Mountain  Cork,  in  granular  limestone,  and,  when  in  thick  lay- 
ers, is  spongy. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  crystals  imbedded  in  granular  lime- 
stone, and  associated  with 

Silico- Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  and  yellow  tourmaline. 
(C.)  The  red  oxide  of  titanium  occurs  in  the  granular 
limestone  on  Mr.  John  Jackson's  land,  crystallized,  in 
prisms,  geniculated,  angular,  and  broken  pieces,  and  rolled. 

Brown  Tourmaline,  in  carbonate  of  lime.  (1.  Lea.) 

Serpentine.  (SiL  4.23.) 

MENTZER'S  GAP. 

Yellow  Ferruginous  Quartz,  on  the  W.  side,  and  at  the  foot 
of  the  South  mountain,  in  loose  masses,  sometimes  corn- 
posed  almost  entirely  of  yellow  crystals,  size  of  a  grain  of 
rice,  uniformly  6  sided  prisms,  terminated  at  each  extremi- 
ty by  3  faces.  (C.) 

24 


186  PENNSYLVANIA. 

MERCERSBURG. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  stalactical  in  a  cavern.  (C.) 

M'KESSENBURG. 
Breccia  Marble,  in  great  quantities.  (C.) 

MONTGOMERY  CO. 

Staurotide,  on  the  Schuylkill,  8  ra.  from  Philadelphia^  in  tal- 

cose  rocks. 

Nephrite,  10  rn.  from  Philadelphia  in 
Serpentine. 
Epidote. 
Asbestus. 

Chlorite  Slate,  near  the  Schuylkill,  containing 
Octahedral  Crystals  of  Iron,  in  abundance. 
Lithomarge,  in   serpentine.    (C.)     See  Jenkintown,   Norris- 

town,  Perkiomen  Lead  Mine,  Pottsgrove,  and  White  Marsh. 

MORGANTOWN. 

Native  Copper.  (C.) 

MORRIS'  HILL. 

Melanite,  near  the  Philadelphia  water  works,  well  character- 
ized. (C.) 

NEW  HOPE. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  3  m.  W.5  in  the  old  sandstone  formation. 
(C.) 

NEWLIN. 

Beryl,  some  of  the  crystals  are  well  defined,  and  nearly  3 
inches  in  diameter,  and  some  of  them  resemble  the  French 
beryl  of  limoge.  (C  )  An  extensive  locality  of  beryl  exists 
7  m.  VV.  of  Westchester,  in  what  is  called  the  Barrens,  a 
serpentine  ridge,  extending  nearly  E.  and  W.  with  some 
interruptions  through  a  great  part  of  the  state.  The  beryl 
is  scattered  over  the  surface,  for  the  most  part  in  irregular 
pieces,  sometimes  in  tolerable  crystals,  from  a  few  grains  to 
20  Ib.  weight.  (Sil.  4.39.) 

NICHOLSON'S  GAP. 
Sulphuret  of  Copper,  2  ra.  N.  on  the  Blue  Ridge. 


PENNSYLVANIA.  187 

Compact  Malachite,  same  place    (C.)     Handsome  porphyry. 
(SiL  5.25(5.)     See  Blue  Ridge. 


NORRISTOWN. 


Granular  Limestone,  here,  and  in  several  other  places  not  far 
from  Philadelphia. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized,  in  large  quantities,  generally  ag- 
gregated, showing  only  their  pyramids.  (1.  Lea.) 

NORTHAMPTON  CO. 

Yellow  Earth  occurs  near  Fort  Allen.  (C.)  See  Chesnut 
Hill,  and  Easton. 

NORTHUMBERLAND. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc  ;  yellow  blende  is  imbedded  in 
Calcareous  Spar,  at  Webb's   mine,  24  m.   from  Northumber- 
land. (C.) 

NORTHUMBERLAND  CO. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  It  also  occurs  on  the  east  branch  of 
the  Susquehanna,  near  where  it  enters  the  state.  (C.) 

OLEY. 
Novaculite  ;  it  is  explored,  and  sells  for  25  cts.  a  pound.  (C.) 

PENNSBOROUGH. 

Amethyst.  (C.) 

PERKIOMEN  LEAD  MINE. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  lamellar,   compact,   and  earthy,   some- 
times in  thin  tables  sprinkled  over  crystals  of  quartz. 
Yellow  Quartz,  in  crystals. 
Radiated  Quartz. 

Native  Copper,  both  massive  and  dendritic. 
Pyritous  Copper. 
Red  Oxide  of  Copper,  in  small  octahedral,  and  translucent,  ca- 


pillary crystals. 
Hue  Car' 


Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper,  in  minute,  dark  blue  crystals,  in 
veins,  which  contain  galena  and  blende,  and  traverse  the 
red  sandstone  formation. 

J2arthy  Blue  Carbonate  of  Copper,  same  place. 

Fibrous  Malachite. 

Compact  Malachite, 


188  'PENNSYLVANIA. 

Scaly  Red  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Red  Hematite. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  mammillary,  and  cover* 
crystals  of  quartz. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  Perkiornen  creek,  23  m.  from  Phila- 
delphia ;  this  sulphuret,  sometimes  granular,  is  accompani- 
ed by  the  carbonate,  phosphate,  rnolybdate  and  sulphate  of 
lead,  yellow  blende,  several  ores  of  copper,  and  the  scaly 
red  oxide  of  Iron.  The  shaft  of  this  mine  is  about  170 
feet  deep — and  a  horizontal  drift  300  feet,  enters  the  shaft 
80  feet  below  the  surface,  in  the  old  red  sandstone  formation. 

Carbonate  of  Lead,  crystallized,  and  compact. 

Sulphate  of  Lead,  in  octahedrons,  sometimes  very  large. 

Phosphate  of  Lead,  in  green  prisms,  and  in  reniform  concre- 
tions, or  crusts. 

Molybdate  of  Lead,  finely  crystallized  in  small  tables,  orange, 
and  wax  yellow. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  the  yellow,  brown,  and  black  varieties. 

Calamine,  siliceous  oxide  ?  or  the  carbonate  of  zinc  ? 

Carbonate  of  Zinc,  in  reniform  concretions,  radiated  and  com- 
pact. (C.) 

Arsenical  Iron,  near,  yellowish  white. 

Limpid  Quartz  occurs  in  large  quantities,  crystallized,  gener- 
erally  aggregated,  showing  only  their  pyramids.  (I.  Lea.) 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Marble  ;  two  large  quarries  are  worked  within  20  m. 

Crystallized  Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  13m.     See  Talc. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  Apatite,  near,  on  the  canal  road.  (C.) 
It  occurs  massive,  on  the  Baltimore  turnpike,  1  m.  from 
the  bridge.  (/.  Lea.} 

Rose  Red  Quartz,  in  this  county,  amorphous,  but  nearly 
transparent. 

Common  Quartz.  4  m.  on  the  Schuylkill,  in  perfect  crystals. 

Chalcedony,  on  the  West  Chester  road,  16  or  17  m.  from  Phil- 
adelphia, bluish  milky  color,  covered  with  druses  of 

Yellow  Crystallized  Quartz,  and  sometimes  contains  a  hair 
brown,  arborescent  substance,  associated  with  quartz  in  de- 
composed serpentine. 

Flint,  in   rolled   masses,  in  gravel,   near  the  Schuylkill.  (C.) 
Also  on  the  shores  of  the  Delaware,  of  a  black  color,  con 
taining  organic  remains.  (/.  Lea.) 


PENNSYLVANIA.  189 

ttornstone,  about  10  m.  from  Philadelphia,  on  the  Easton 
road,  greyish  white.  (C.)  Also  in  the  gravel  hills,  near 
the  Schuylkill,  in  small  pieces,  of  a  fine  texture.  (I.  Lea.) 

Jasper,  on  the  shores  of  the  Delaware  and  Schuylkill,  in  de- 
tached masses,  of  various  colors,  and  is  sometimes  travers- 
ed by  veins  of  chalcedony. 

Cyanite,  on  the  Wilmington  road,  11  m.  in  very  dark  crystals; 
OQ  the  road  to  the  Lazaretto,  it  is  blue  ;  also  about  8  m. 
up  the  Schuylkill;  also  on  the  Wichicon,  4  m.  from  its 
mouth,  with  staurotide,  and  garnets,  in  mica  slate. 

Staurotide,  12  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  mica  slate.  Also  on 
the  Wichicon,  8  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  6  sided  prisms, 
with  dihedral  summits,  and  is  associated  with  cyanite,  and 
dodecahedral  garnets  in  gneiss.  (C.)  This  locality  is  on 
the  E.  side  of  a  large,  steep,  uncultivated  hill  of  gneiss 
rocks  ;  very  abuadant.  (1.  Lea.) 

Zircon,  on  the  Schuylkill,  14  rn.  from  Philadelphia,  imbed- 
ded in  sienite  which  rests  on  serpentine  ;  also,  on  the  York 
road,  15  m  (C.)  Also,  on  the  Schuylkill)  about  10  m.  from 
Philadelphia,  in  a  rock  similar  to  that  of  Trenton.  (I,  Lea.) 

Feldspar^  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Schuylkill,  a  little  above  the 
upper  bridge,  in  10  sided  prisms,  with  dihedral  summits. 
(C.)  This  is  at  Judge  Peters'  quarry.  A  beautiful  white 
variety  is  found,  about  1  m.  up  the  canal  road,  E.  side,  as- 
sociated with  Crystallized  Mica,  and  phosphate  of  lime. 
(/.  Lea.) 

Beryl,  on  the  banks  of  the  Schuylkill,  3  m.  above  the  perma- 
nent bridge.  (C.)  Also  in  a  quarry  of  gneiss  belonging  to 
Judge  Peters,  about  300  yards  above  the  upper  bridge  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Schuylkill.  (/.  Lea.) 

J\langanesian  Garnet,  9  m.  from  Philadelphia,  between  the 
ridge  road  and  the  Schuylkill,  in  the  soil,  brownish  red  ; 
compact  texture,  in  masses  from  1  Ib.  to  100  Ibs. 

Common  Garnet,  on  the  E.  side  of  Wichicon  creek,  on  the 
top  of  a  hill,  lam.  above  its  mouth,  in  dodecahedrons.  (C.) 
The  best  specimens  of  the  dodecahedrons  are  found  on  the 
Wichicon,  about  9  m.  from  Philadelphia.  The  prismatic 

firnet  is  found  near  the  same  place.     Also  1 J  m.  above  the 
alls  of  the  Schuylkill,  in  very  perfect,  deep  red,  trapezoi- 
dal crystals,  in  mica  slate.  (1.  Lea.) 

Zoisite,  at  the  end  of  the  canal  road,  in  greyish,  acicular  crys- 
tals, in  fascicular  groups,  in  hornblende  rocks. 


190  PENNSYLVANIA. 

Zeolite,  on  the  Schuylkill,  4  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  the 
fissures  of  a  hornblende  rock,  in  laminae  •£  of  an  inch  thick, 
white,  with  a  pearly  lustre. 

Jlsbestus,  at  the  end  of  the  canal  road,  31  m.  from  Philadel- 
phia, in  very  delicate  fibres,  on  quartz,  in  hornblende  rocks. 

Hornblende,  on  the  Schuylkill,  near  Philadelphia,  in  large 
masses,  and  sometimes  in  bladed,  or  acicular  crystals,  on 
the  canal  road. 

Actynolite,  on  the  Wichicon,  10  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in 
green,  acicnlar  crystals,  in  steatite. 

Trt/c,  near  the  Schuylkill,  about  10  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in 
the  soapstone  quarries,  sometimes  in  laminated,  semitrans- 
parent  masses  of  a  fine  green,  connected  with  rhomb  spar. 

Steatite,  on  the  Schuylkill,  10  m.  from  Philadelphia,  connect- 
ed with  talc,  and  much  employed,  under  the  name  of  soap-- 
stone. 

Chlorite,  near  the  Falls  of  the  Schuylkill  foliated,  mammilla- 
ry,  and  botryoidal,  in  a  hornblende  rock.  (C.)  It  is  found 
in  fine  particles  with  quartz  at  Willow  grove,  and  laminat- 
ed, near  the  soapstone  quarry  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill. (I.  Lea.) 

Kaolin,  on  Robeson's  hill,  6  m.  VV.  from  Philadelphia,  in 
granitic  rocks ;  also  in  several  places  near  Philadelphia. 

Potter's  Clay,  near. 

Magnetic  Pyrites,  near,  small  quantities,  in  hornblende  rocks. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  from  10  to  14  m.  from  Philadelphia,  on  the 
West  Chester  and  Lancaster  roads,  near  the  Foxchase,  &c. 
in  magnesian  rocks ;  sometimes  in  small  veins,  but  more 
frequently  in  detached  masses  in  the  soil,  varying  from  a 
few  ounces  to  20  Ibs.,  and  in  one  instance  to  about  500  Ibs. 
in  weight.  It  is  sometimes  accompanied  by 

Magnetic  Iron, 

Brown  Hematite,  asbestns,  &ic.  The  chromate  of  iron  is 
worth  from  $40  to  $60  a  ton  in  market. 

Silico-Cal  car  eons  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near  the  falls  of  the 
Schuylkill,  5  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  granite,  or  gneiss,  or 
in  veins  of  quartz,  which  traverse  these  rocks.  (C.) 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  stained  by  carbonate  of  copper,  40  m. 
N.  of  Philadeljohia.  Zeolite,  3  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

Sulphuret  ofMolybdena,  15   m.  S.  of  Philadelphia. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  3  m.  from  Philadelphia.  (JSil.  5.41. ) 

Phosphate  of  Manganese,  near  the  new  water  works,  in  small, 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

imperfectly  laminated  masses,  imbedded  in  granite.  (A.  L. 
JV.  H.  M\  York,  1.92.) 

Fluate  of  Lime,  amorphous,  has  been  found  at  the  Falls  of 
the  Schuylkill,  in  the  quarry  of  gneiss. 

Arenaceous  Quartz,  on  the  shores  of  the  river,  in  large  quan- 
tities, and  in  the  gravel  hills  W. 

Black  Mica,  on  the  Wilmington  road,  near  the  woodland,  in 
hexahedral  crystals,  circumscribed  by  those  of  a  light  brown, 
and  50  yards  E.  of  the  canal  road,  just  beyond  the  house  of 
Mr.  Casper  Morris,  in  large  hexahedral  plates. 

Black  Schorl,  in  most  of  the  granite  and  gneiss  rocks  in  this 
vicinity,  and  more  abundant  at  Judge  Peters'  quarry,  and 
Sheridan's  quarry,  near  the  upper  bridge,  as  well  as  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  Schuylkill.  The  finest  specimens  have 
been  found  8  m.  on  West  Chester  road. 

Adularia,  in  the  hornblende  rocks  of  the  quarry,  at  the  end  of 
the  canal  road  ;  some  specimens  are  distinctly  crystallized. 

Epidote,  massive,  and  crystallized  in  a  large  piece  of  quartz, 
i  of  a  m.  above  the  upper  bridge,  nearly  100  yards  W.  of 
the  Schuylkill. 

Foliated  Iron  Ore,  so  called  here,  on  the  Wichicon,  frequent- 
ly occurs  in  quartz  rocks  -J-  of  un  inch  thick.  It  appears  to 
be  a  black  oxide  of  iron,  (/  -Lea.; 

While  Beryl,  on  the  old  York  road,  5  m.  from  Philadelphia, 
in  well  defined,  regular  hexahedrons;  also  yellow,  and 
shades  of  green,  imbedded  in  granite,  rare. 

Radiated  Steatite,  on  the  Wichicon  creek,  about  a  m.  above 
its  junction  with  the  Schuylkill,  composed  of  acicular  crys- 
tals, or  fibres,  radiating  from  a  centre,  forming  little  tufts  ir- 
regularly grouped,  of  a  silken  lustre,  abundant. 

Magnetic  O.iide  oj  Iron,  in  octauedral  crystals,  on  the  Wichi- 
con, in  talcose  rocks.  (G.  W.  Carpenter.') 

PITTSBURGH. 

Coal,  here  approaches  the  surface,  and  is  sold  for  about  6 
cents  a  bushel.  Coal  is  said  to  extend  over  one  third  of 
this  state.  (C.) 

Sandr  suitable  for  the  manufacture  of  the  best  flint  glass,  at 
Perryopolis,  on  the  Youghiogeny  river,  23  m.  above  Pitts- 
burg.  (Sch.) 


192  PENNSYLVANIA. 

POTTSGROVE-. 

Native  Copper.  (C.) 

READING. 

Flint,  near. 
Basamte,  near.  (C.) 

ROBESON'S  HILL.     See  PHILADELPHIA. 

ROXBOROUGH. 

Pulverulent  Carbonate  of  Magnesia,  disseminated  in  granite 
and  mica  slate,  and  sometimes  appearing  in  veins  and  cavi- 
ties. 

Fibrous  Talc. 

Scaly  Talc,  in  granite.  (C.) 

SANDERSBURG. 

Marble,  variegated,  in  which  the  darker  colors  are  intersect- 
ed by  white  veins,  and  the  lighter  colors  by  dark  lines.  (C.) 

SCHUYLKILL,  AND    SCHUYLKILL  FALLS.       See  PHILADELPHIA. 
SPRING  MILLS. 

Jasper,  near,  yellowish,  and  occurs  in  considerable  blocks.  (C.) 
Jaspery  Iron  Ore,  in  the  road   near,  massive,  in   considerable 
quantities.  (/.  Lea.) 

TRENTON  BRIDGE.       See  FALLS   OF  THE  DELAWARE. 
UPPER  DUBLIN. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  hexagonal  tables. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  often  in  geodes,  the  interior 

of  which  is  botryoidal,  mammillary,  or  stalactical,  and  black. 

(C.) 

UPPER  MERIAN. 


Semi  Opal,  leek  green  and  opaque,  in 
Serpentine.  (C.) 


WAINE  CO. 


Glay  Slate,  on  the  Delaware^  about  75  m.  from  Philadelphia, 
of  good  quality.  (C.) 


PENNSYLVANIA.  193 

WARWICK  IRON  WORKS. 

Chlorite,  containing 
Sulphur et  of  Iron.  (C.) 

WASHINGTON  CO. 

Common  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron  is  worked  here.  (Sch.) 
WEBB'S  MINE.     See  NORTHUMBERLAND. 

WEST  CHESTER. 

Blue  Quartz,  about  2  m.  W.  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Brandy- 
wine,  containing 

Zircon,  (C.)  in  the  road,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  creek, 
from  James  Jefferis'  farm.  (1.  Lea.) 

Asbestus,  near. 

Serpentine,  near,  color  varying  from  a  light  to  a  dark  green. 
(C.) 

WHITE  MARSH. 

Granular  Limestone,  on  the  Schuylkill,  10  to  15  m.  from 
Philadelphia,  extensively  quarried.  (C.) 

WICHICON  CREEK.   See  PHILADELPHIA. 
WILKSBARRE. 

Anthracite  appears  here  at  the  surface,  and  forms  beds  from 
20  to  30  feet  thick.  See  Pennsylvania. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  near,  crystallized  and   amorphous.  (C.) 

Slate,  containing  vegetable  impressions,  and  sometimes  imbed- 
ding 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  which  readily  decompose  on  exposure  to 
the  atmosphere.  (SiL  4.2.) 

Pavonine,  or  iridescent  coal,  brilliant  specimens  are  abundant, 
but  they  are  found  only  in  the  water,  or  in  moist  situations. 
(SiL  4.7.) 

YORK  CO. 

Epidote. 

Clay  State  in  this  and  Lancaster  Co.  in  strata,  extending 
across  the  Susquehanna  into  Maryland.  The  3  principal 
quarries  are  within  2  or  3  m.  of  this  river,  and  yield  annu- 
ally about  1600  tons  of  slate  of  excellent  quality.  (C<) 


194 


DELAWARE. 


Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (C) 

CAPE  HENLOPEN. 

Jlgatized  Wood,  near.  (C.) 

CHRISTIAN  HUNDRED. 

Common  Asbestos,  very  abundant  in 
Serpentine.  (C.) 

IRON  HILL. 

Granular  Pyroxene.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  3.124.) 

SUSSEX  CO. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  in  large  quantities,  among  the  branches  of 
Nanticoke  river.  (Morse.) 

WILMINGTON. 

Apatite,  6  m.  N.  W.,  grass  green  in  Graphic  Granite,  with 

Schorl,  or  Black  Tourmaline,  and 

Garnets. 

feldspar,  6  m.  N.  W.  in  granite ;  it  is  white,  often  tinged 
with  red  or  green,  and  beautifully  striated  on  the  surface 
of  the  broader  planes,  in  the  direction  of  the  natural  joints. 

Kaolin,  7  m.  below,  in  granite.  (C.) 


195 


MARYLAND. 


Fetid  Carbonate  of  Lime  is  abundant  on  the  Alleghany  Ridge. 

Breccia  Marble.  An  extensive  quarry  of  this  marble  is  open- 
ed on  the  eastern  side,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Potomac,  not  far  from  its  junction  with 
the  Monocasy,  50  or  60  m.  above  the  city  of  Washington. 
The  colors  of  this  very  beautiful,  variegated  breccia  are 
white,  grey,  reddish  brown,  blackish,  &c. 

Potters  Clay,  S.  of  the  granitic  ridge,  are  extensive  beds  of 
white  and  colored  clays,  suitable  for  manufactures. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand.  (C.) 

ANNE  ARUNDEL  CO. 

•flgatized  Wood. 

•Amber,  at  Cape  Sable,  near  Magothy  river,  in  grains  or  mass- 
es, sometimes  4  or  5  inches  in  diameter,  usually  invested 
by  a  rough,  greyish  coat,  associated  with 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  a  bed  of  lignite  3  or  4  feet  thick,  cover- 
ed by  a  stratum  of  sand.  In  the  same  place  is  found  the 
Earthy  variety  of  amber,  in  small  friable  masses. 

Lignite.     The  bed  is  3|  to  4  feet  thick,  composed  of 

Jet, 

Brittle  Lignite, 

Bituminous  Wood,  and 

Brown  Lignite  ;  it  is  penetrated  throughout  by  pyrites,  and 
rests  on  sand,  which  also  embraces  pyrites. 

Earthy  Lignite,  in  a  bed   from  5  to   12  feet  thick,  containing 

Pyritous  Wood,  and  large  fragments  of  bituminous  wood, 
resting  on  argillaceous  sandstone.  (C.) 

BALTIMORE. 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  near,  small  quantities  in  gneiss? 
Granular  Limestone,  9  m.,  white,  sometimes  semitransparent, 

and  composed  of  large  grains. 
Fibrous  Limestone   near. 
Crystallized  Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  21   m.  from,  in 

primitive  limestone. 


196  MARYLAND. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  Apatite,  2  or  3  m,  on  the  Falls  turnpike, 
in  grains,  or  hexahedral  prisms  in  granite. 

Selenite,  near,  fine  crystals,  in  small  quantities. 

Milky  Quartz,  near,  crystallized  and  amorphous. 

Radiated  Quartz,  8  m.  from,  in  detached  masses. 

Tabular  Quartz,  near.  The  hills  on  which  Baltimore  is 
built,  present  immense  quantities  of  pebbles  of  quartz,  ar- 
ranged in  beds  of  various  thickness. 

Prase,  near. 

Fetid  Quartz,  about  20  m.,  near  the  York  and  Lancaster  road, 
in  primitive  limestone,  with  small  prisms  of  the  red  oxide 
of  titanium. 

Chalcedony,  4  m.  from  Baltimore. 

Hornstone,  near,  with  a  conchoid al  fracture. 

Jasper,  in  detached  masses,  red,  brown,  and  yellow. 

Agate,  near. 

Cyanite,  20  m.  on  the  Falls  turnpike  ;  its  crystals,  sometimes 
5  inches  long,  are  usually  pale  green,  rather  blue,  imbed- 
ded in  a  micaceous  rock;  sometimes  in  loose  masses, 
chiefly  cyanite  connected  with  quartz  ;  sometimes  associat- 
ed with  staurotide,  garnets,  and  magnetic  iron  ;  also  on  the 
same  road  7  m.  from  Baltimore,  crystallized  and  massive. 

Staurotide,  7  m.  in  mica  slate,  sometimes  with  cyanite. 

Zircon,  2  m.  from  Baltimore,  in  granite. 

Yellow  Tourmaline,  near,  in  minute  honey  yellow  crystals, 
with  yellow  mica  in  primitive  limestone. 

Black  Schorl,  at  Jones'  Falls,  in   a  vein  of  granite,  crystals 
sometimes  more  than  3  inches  in  circumference  ;  also  8  m. 
from  Baltimore,   on  the  Falls  turnpike,  in  brown   crystals, 
in  saccharoidal  limestone. 
Green  Feldspar,  near,  in  granite. 

Adularia,  W.  of  Jones'  Falls,  in  granite,  at  the  quarries,  of  a 
pure  white,  reflecting  a  blue  light. 

Aventurine  Feldspar,  near. 

Fetid  Feldspar,  Necronite,  21m.  from  Baltimore,  in  the  prim- 
itive limestone,  of  which  the  monument  of  Washingjon  is 
constructed  ;  associated  with  brown  mica,  sulphuret  of  iron, 
tremolite,  and  small,  prismatic  crystals  of  the  oxide  of  tita- 
nium. Quartz,  nearly  as  fetid  as  the  necronite,  in  another 
quarry  of  primitive  limestone,  a  few  m.  distant,  associated 
with  small  prisms  of  titanium. 
Beryl,  near,  in  granite,  crystals  in  most  cases  imperfect. 


MARYLAND.  197 

Scapolite,  it  is  said,  has  been  found  near. 

Mochroite.     A  mineral   resembling  it  has  been  found   near. 

Epidote,  at  Jones'  Falls,  in  fine  crystals,  imbedded  in  a  vein 
of  crystallized  feldspar,  and  chlorite. 

Zeolite,  at  Jones'  Falls,  in  quadrangular  prisms,  with  pyra- 
midal terminations,  accompanied  by  chlorite,  feldspar,  epi^ 
dote,  &;c. 

Tremolite,  at  several  places  not  far  from  Baltimore,  in  Carbo- 
nate of  lime. 

Augite,  8  m.  on  the  Falls  turnpike,  white,  in  dolomite,  with 
red  oxide  of  titanium  ;  also  5  m.  from  Baltimore,  olive 
green,  or  brownish  red,  broad  6  sided  prisms,  5  or  6  inches 
long  ;  the  red  crystals  are  transparent,  in  a  vein  of  chlorite 
traversing  greenstone,  associated  with  black  schorl. 

Actynolite,  near,  all  its  varieties  occur  in  granite  or  gneiss. 

Talc,  near,  fibrous,  ligniform,  &c.  and  sometimes  foliated. 

Scaly  Talc,  near. 

Chlorite,  near,  abundant. 

Novaculite,  on  the  Patuxent,  near  the  road  to  Washington. 

Haydenite,  1  j  m.  from  Baltimore,  in  the  fissures  of  gneiss,  as- 
sociated with  zeolite,  lenticular  carbonate  of  iron,  &c. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  near. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  about  20  m.,  extremely  abundant,  and  the 

Sulphate  of  Iron  is  readily  efflorescent.  Copperas  is  here 
manufactured. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  near. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  near,  in  gneiss  ;  also  lamellar  in  chlo- 
rite. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  near,  in  primitive  rocks. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  fine  specimens  are  found  1? 
m.  from  Baltimore. 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  oj  Iron  forms  extensive  beds  3 
m.  S.  and  W.  from  Baltimore.  These  nodules  are  com- 
posed of  concentric  layers,  between  which  very  beautiful, 
dark  brown,  lenticular  crystals  of  sparry  iron  are  sometimes 
found,  giving  to  the  surface  the  rich  aspect  of  velvet. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  near,  in  lenticular  crystals  attached  to 
gneiss.  Also  in  the  nodular  iron  as  described  above. 

Sulphuret  of  Lie  ad,  near,  forming  a  vein  in  primitive  limestone. 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  near,  the  yellow  variety  occurs  with  gale- 
na in  gneiss. 

Oxide  of  Cobalt,  near,  connected   with  oxide  of  manganese; 


198  MARYLAND. 

it  is  found  in  an  alluvial  deposite  of  sand,  in  bluish  black 
masses,  of  grains  of  sand,  cemented  by  the  two  oxides. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  near,  in  small  quantities. 

Svlphuret  of  Molybdena,  at  the  quarries  on  the  Falls  turnpike, 
in  granite. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near,  light  red,  prismatic,  and  lami- 
nated, in  a  yellowish  quartz ;  also  8  m.  from  Baltimore, 
with  white  augite,  in  dolomite ;  also  about  20  m.  from  Bal- 
timore, on  the  York  and  Lancaster  road,  in  the  primitive 
limestone,  which  contains  the  necronite,  and  fetid  quartz. 

Crystallized  Green  Oxide  of  Uranium  occurs  near  Baltimore. 

Earthy  Green  Oxide  of  Uranium  is  said  to  exist  near.  (C.) 

Crystallized  Magnesia  ?  Handsome  Rhomb  Spar  is  found 
forming  a  vein  in  compact  limestone,  9  m.  from  Baltimore. 

Lamellar  Quartz,  9  m.  from  Baltimore.  Fine  black  tourma- 
line, in  veins  in  gneiss,  and  elegant  brown  tourmaline,  20 
m.  from  Baltimore. 

Foliated  Feldspar,  flesh   red,  very  fine,  9  m.  from  Baltimore. 

Mesotype,  and 

Chabasie,  and 

Analcime,  near.    Apatite.    Red  crystals  in  quartz  and  feldspar. 

Ligniform  Steatite,  9  m.  from  Baltimore.  Brown  Hematite, 
13  m.  from  Baltimore,  on  the  York  road.  (Sil.  5.^55,  &,c.j 

Quartz,  Crystallized,  white  and   brown  of  all  sizes.  (Bruce, 

225.; 

Garnet,  on  the  Falls  turnpike,  in  mica  slate.  Garnets  abound 
in  the  neighborhood.  (Bruce,  226.J 

Jl/lica,  Crystallized,  and  foliated,  is  found  in  almost  every  di- 
rection. (Bruce,  228.) 

Bovey  Coal,  disseminated  in  the  clay  of  Caton's  ore  bank, 
near  the  Washington  road,  3  m.  Also  15m.  near  the  Bod- 
kin Point,  in  beds.  (Bruce,  230.; 

Silico-Calcareovs  Oxide  of  Titanium,  disseminated  through 
the  granite,  at  the  Falls  of  Petapsco,  10  m.  on  the  Freder- 
erick  turnpike.  (Bruce,  232.) 

BARE  HILL. 

Semi  Opal,  in  thin  veins,  in  serpentine. 

Pitchstone,  in  serpentine,  «7  m.  from  Baltimore* 

Asbestus,  common,  radiated,  and  ligniform,  and 

Amianthus,  occur  in  serpentine. 

Magnetite*!  in  narrow  veins,  in  serpentine.  , 

Serpentine,  chiefly  the  common  variety. 


MARYLAND.  199 

Steatite,  several  varieties,  fibrous,  lignifonn,  &ic.  in  serpentine. 

Lithomarge,  in  serpentine. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  all  its  varieties  occur  here,  and  some  of 
them  abundantly,  in  veins,  or  in  masses,  in  serpentine.  The 
crystals  are  found  in  channels,  worn  by  the  water  in  the 
sides  of  the  hill,  and  the  serpentine  is  here  traversed  by 
veins  of 

Indurated  Talc.  The  crystals  of  chromate  are  mixed  with 
sand,  and  the  granular  variety,  which  occurs  either  loose 
or  is  disseminated  in  an  indurated  steatite,  or  serpentine. 
The  amorphous  variety  is  associated  with  talc,  steatite,  &ic. 
in  serpentine. 

Silica-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  feldspar.  (C.) 

Marmolite,  in  narrow  veins  in  serpentine,  (ail.  4.19.)  As 
this  mineral  is  chymically  the  same  as  serpentine,  it  can 
only  be  considered  as  a  variety,  or  subspecies, — as 

Lamellar  Serpentine.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  3.129.) 

Jjiventurine  Feldspar,  a  fragment  was  found.  (Bruce,  226.) 

BLADENSBURG. 

Nodular  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  Bomb  Shell  hill,  near, 
in  nodules,  sometimes  perfectly  globular,  from  2  to  8  inch- 
es in  diameter ;  the  crust  has  a  metallic  aspect,  interior 
generally  rilled  with  sand, — exposed  to  heat  they  burst  with 
explosion.  (C.)  These  nodules  occur  in  size  from  less 
than  an  inch  to  more  than  a  foot  in  diameter  ; — they  are 
sometimes  double.  (Eddy.) 

BLUE  RIDGE.       See  WASHINGTON  CO. 

BOONSBOROUGH.       See  WASHINGTON  CO. 

CAPE  SABLE.       See  ANNE  ARUNDEL  CO. 

FREDERICK  CO. 

Granular  Limestone,  near  Sam's  Creek,  containing  some  Mi- 
ca, and  Talc  ;  it  is  primitive. 

Marble,  red  and  white,  resembling,  when  polished,  some  va- 
rieties of  soap,  is  wrought  here,  and  sells  in  a  rough  state, 
at  Baltimore,  for  $2  a  cubic  foot. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  perfectly  transparent  crystals,  with  a  splen- 
dent lustre,  scattered  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Aluminous  Slate.  The  E.  side  of  Cotocton  range  is  chiefly 
composed  of  it. 


200  MARYLAND. 

Arsenical  Nickel,  in  the  copper  mines.  ( C.)     See  Liberty. 

FORT  WARBURTON. 

Selenite,  fine  crystals  have  been  found,  near,  on  the  Potomac. 
(C.) 

HAGERSTOWN. 

Nitrate  of  Potash,     Nitre  has  been  manufactured   at  Hughe's 

cave,  near  Hagerstown.  (6\) 
White  Marble,  resembling   the   statuary   marble  of  Vermont. 

(Sil.  5.264.) 

HARFORD  CO. 

Common  Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  in  Serpentine,  or  in  detached  masses,  in 
abundance,  and  of  good  quality.  It  thence  extends  north 
easterly  through  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  New  York 
to  Milford  in  Connecticut.  (C.) 

JONES'  FALLS.     See  BALTIMORE. 

LIBERTY. 

Sulphate  ofBarytes,  at  Liberty,   with  grey  copper,  and 
Fluate  of  Lime. 

Native  Copper,  15m.  from  Fredericktown,  with 
Sulphuret  of  Copper. 

Grey  Copper  has  been  observed  here,  with  sulphate  of  barytes. 
Antimonial  Sulphuret  of  Lead  has  been  found  near  Liberty- 
town.  (C.) 

MOUNT  ALTO. 

Compact  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  occurs  on  the  Blue  Ridge,  at 
Hughe's  mine,  in  stalagmites,  or  very  beautifully  dendritic, 
resembling,  in  large  masses,  a  grove  of  trees.  (C.) 

NEW  MAKET. 

Marble*  intermediate,  between  dove  colored  and  ash  grey ;  it 
possesses  a  fine  grain,  receives  a  good  polish,  and  is  sold  at 
Baltimore,  in  a  rough  state,  at  $2  a  cubic  foot.  (C.) 

PETAPSCO  FALLS. 

Silica -Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium  ;  its  crystals  are  dissem- 
inated in  granite,  10  m.  from  Baltimore.  (C.) 


MARYLAND.  201 

PIPE  CREEK. 

Grey  Copper  has  been  observed  at  Pipe  Creek,  18m.  from 
Baltimore.  (C.) 

REISTERTOWN. 

Chalcedony,  16  m.  from  Baltimore,  at  "  Soldier's  Delight,"  in 
magnesian  rocks,  and  sometimes  contains  a  dendritic  sub- 
stance. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  near  Reistertown,  at  "  Soldier's  Delight,"  in 

Serpentine,  or  loose  upon  the  surface.  (C.) 

SOUTH  MOUNTAIN. 

Common  Argillaceous  Ovide  of  Iron,  on  the  W.  side,  and  at 
the  foot  of  the  South  Mountain,  extending  from  the  Poto- 
mac into  Pennsylvania.  It  is  usually  imbedded  in  a  ferru- 
ginous clay.  (C.) 

Yellow  Ferruginous  Quartz,  beautifully  crystallized.  (Sil. 
5.256.) 

ST.  MARY'S  co. 

Selenite,  fine  crystals  occur  in  alluvial  soil,  on  the  Patuxent. 
(C.) 

TANEYTOWN. 

Antimonial  Sulphuret  of  Lead  has  been  found  near.  (C.) 

WASHINGTON  CO. 

Granular  Limestone,  at  Boonsborough,  associated  with  transi- 
tion rocks,  from  which  is  wrought  a  very  white 

Marble,  having  a  finer  grain  than  that  of  the  Italian  statuary 
marble. 

Stalagmite,  Alabaster,  in  Hughe's  Cave. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  with 

I  luate  of  JLime. 

Prase,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  masses  scattered 
on  the  surface. 

Ferruginous  Quartz,  W.  side  of  Blue  Ridge,  in  small,  yellow- 
ish, well  defined  crystals. 

Hornstone,  W.  side  of  Blue  Ridge,  in  large  masses,  constant- 
ly containing  carbonate  of  copper. 

Aluminous  Slate. 

Native  Copper. 

Compact  Malachite.  (C.) 
26 


202 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA. 


Flint,  on  the  shore  of  the  eastern  branch  of  the  Potomac, 
near  the  navy  yard,  in  small  nodules. 

Hornstone,  containing  organic  remains. 

Agatized  Wood,  Woodstone,  3  m.  N.  from  Washington,  some- 
times invested  with  minute  crystals  of  quartz,  fine  speci- 
mens, and  abundant. 

Schorl,  in  Georgetown,  in  gneiss. 

Lignite,  and 

Pyritlcal  Fossil  Wood,  are  found  abundantly  in  digging  wells. 

Iron  Ore,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  vvoodstone  locality,  in  detached 
masses  on  the  surface.  Organic  remains  in  sandstone, — 
abundant.  (Eddy.) 


303 


VIRGINIA. 


Hornstonc,  in  the  northwestern  part  of  the  state,  in  globular 

masses,  and  sometimes  forming  distinct  beds. 
Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 
Sulphur  et  of  Molybdena.  (C.) 

ABINGDON. 

Gypsum,  near.  (C.)  Sulphate  of  lime  has  been  found  abun- 
dantly on  Holstein  river,  on  the  VV.  side  of  the  Aileghany 
mountain.  (Sil.  3.245.) 

ALBEMARLE  CO. 

Jasper. 

Oxide  oj  Manganese.  (C.) 

AMELIA  CO. 

Graphite  abounds  in  Winterham  in  this  Co.  (Morse.) 

AMHERST  CO. 

Blue  Quartz,  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  disseminated  in  loose  masses  of 
quartz  on  the  soil,  crystals  sometimes  nearly  4  inches  long, 
and  often  geniculated.  (C.)  These  crystals  are  found 
throughout  this  Co.,  Campbell,  and  Bedford,  about  20  miles 
above  Richmond  ;  many  .of  the  specimens  are  elegant ; 
sometimes  as  large  as  one's  finger.  (Sil.  2.143J 

Copper  Ores.  A  copper  mine  was  opened  in  this  Co.  on  the 
W.  side  of  James  river,  but  is  not  now  wrought.  (Morse,) 

AUGUSTA  CO. 

Limpid   Quartz.     Beautiful  crystals  are  found  in  this  Co. 
il.  1.225.) 


Sulphate  ofBarytes,  on  the  Great  Kenhawa.  (C.) 


204  VIRGINIA. 

BEDFORD  CO. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  disseminated  in  loose  masses  of 
quartz,  on  the  soil,  over  the  Co.  as  in  Amherst.  (C.) 

Copper  Ore  A  copper  mine  was  opened  on  the  E.  side  of 
James  river,  but  is  not  now  wrought.  (Morse.) 

BUCKINGHAM  CO. 

Gold  is  found,  pure,  and  mixed,  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 
(Morse.) 

CAMPBELL  CO. 

Blue  Quartz,  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  amorphous  masses. 

Staurotide. 

Graphite. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  disseminated  in  loose  masses  of 
quartz,  scattered  over  the  county,  as  in  Amherst,  fine  spec- 
imens. (C.) 

CHARLOTTE  CO. 

Amethyst*  near  the  Roanoke  ;  it  is  abundant  in  alluvial  soil,  in 
large  crystals,  sometimes  forming  groups,  and  varying  in 
color  from  deep  violet  to  nearly  white.  (C.) 

CHESTERFIELD  CO. 

Coal.     See  Richmond,  which  is  in  Henrico  Co. 

FINCASTLE. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes. 

Gypsum,  on  the  head  waters  of  Staunton  river,  25  m.  from 
Fincastle.  (C.) 

GREAT  KENHAWA. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  50  m.  S.  from  the  Ohio.  On  the  Great  Ken- 
hawa.  are  extensive  salt  works,  from  salt  springs. 

Carburetted  Hydrogen  Gas.  On  the  banks  of  the  Great  Ken- 
hawa,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Elk,  is  a  large  mass  of  soft, 
black  earth,  into  which  a  pole  may  be  thrust  10  or  15  feet; 
and  from  these  apertures  often  proceeds  a  stream  of  carbu- 
retted  hydrogen  gas,  which  will  continue  to  burn  for  some 
time.  (C.) 

GREENBRIER  CO. 


Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  in  a  cavern 
Agate.  (C.) 


VIRGINIA.  205 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Salt  springs  have  been  found  in  thiscoun- 
ty.  (Morse,) 

HARPER'S  FERRY. 

Chlorite. 

Slaty  Chlorite,  abundant.  (C.) 

HENRY  CO. 

Mica,  of  superb  lustre,  and  beautiful  shades   of  color.    (Sti. 

5.257.) 
Prismatic  Mica,  near  the  southern  limit.  (Prof.  Olmstead.) 

HOLSTEIN  RIVER.       See  ABINGDON. 
JEFFERSON  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  near 
Shenandoah  river,  25  m.  N.  E.  from  Winchester.  (Stl. 
3.245.) 

KENHAWA. 

Petroleum,  on  the  Kenhawa.  (C.) 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  in  considerable  quantity  on  this  river. 
(Sil  3.245.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  There  are  valuable  lead  mines  on  the 
Kenhawa,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Cripple  creek,  and  25  m. 
from  the  North  Carolina  boundary.  The  ore  is  very  abun- 
dant. (Morse.) 

LAURELL  HILL. 

Buhrstone ;  it  is  quarried  here  to  furnish  millstones.  (C.) 

LEESBURG. 

Sulphuretted  Oxide  of  Antimony,  near,  in  detached  masses  in 
the  soil  j  it  has  a  deep  ruby  red  color.  (C.) 

LEXINGTON. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  near,  in  small  plates,  almost  fine  grained. 
(Sil.  5.255.) 

MADISON'S  CAVE. 

Stalactites,  and  Stalagmites. 
Reddle,  near.  (C.) 

MONROE  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  on  the  walls  and  floors  of  caverns.  (C.) 


206  VIRGINIA. 

MONTGOMERY  CO. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  a  vein  or  extensive  bed  near  Col.  Han- 
cocks, resembling  exactly,  in  all  its  characters,  the  calcare- 
ous concretions  which  are  found  forming  in  the  caves  of  the 
country.  It  appears  to  have  been  a  calcareous  deposition, 
in  a  chasm,  in  the  common  limestone  of  the  country. 

Siliceous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  near  Col.  Hancock's,  in  a  bed. 
(Sil.  1.63.) 

NORTH  MOUNTAIN. 

Limpid  Quartz,  near.  ( C.) 

Fluate  of  Lime,  at  the  foot  of  the  North  mountain  on  the  E. 
side,  25  m.  S.  W.  from  Winchester,  on  a  small  ridge  of  yel- 
low clayey  soil,  in  a  wide  vein  of 

Crystallized  Carbonate  oj  Lime,  in  the  common  limestone  of 
the  country;  abundant.  (Sil.  3.244.) 

Manganese,  abundant,  10  or  12  m.  E.  of  the  fluor,  but  not  in 
the  same  mountain.  The  fluate  of  lime  above  mentioned, 
occurs  in  a  vein  12  or  15  inches  wide,  in  a  soft,  calcareous 
rock  which  rests  on  a  stratum  of  Hornstone.  The  depth 
and  length  of  this  vein  is  not  ascertained.  The  fluor  is  pro- 
miscuously united  with  crystallized  calcareous  spar,  and  is 
frequently  connected  with  the  hornstone.  Its  colors  are 
white,  greenish  white,  red,  violet,  and  dark  blue,  approach- 
ing, when  in  large  masses,  near  to  black.  Many  well  de- 
fined crystals  have  been  obtained.  (Sil.  4.277.) 

Calcareous  Spar.  A  few  miles  E.  of  the  fluate  of  lime  is  an 
extensive  stratum  of  crystallized  carbonate  of  lime,  much 
of  which  is  remarkably  transparent ;  it  possesses  the  pro- 
perty of  double  refraction,  and  equals  in  beauty  the  Iceland 
spar.  It  is  found  also  in  detached,  water  worn,  spherical 
masses,  resembling  the  Scotch  pebble ;  the  outer  coat  beau- 
tifully tinged  with  the  oxide  of  iron. 

Ammonite,  cornu  ammonis,  is  found  abundantly  in  the  valley 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Winchester. 

Iron  Ore,  crystallized  distinctly,  probably  octahedral,  as  the 
projecting  half,  (the  only  part  visible,)  is  a  4  sided  pyramid, 
exists  abundantly  in  the  neighborhood  of  Winchester.  (Sil. 
4.278.) 

ORANGE  CO. 

Native  Copper,  on  Lord  Fairfax's  property.  (C.) 


VIRGINIA.  207 

PRESTON'S  SALT  WORKS. 
Sulphate  of  Lime,  near,  in  fibrous  masses.  (C.) 

RANDOLPH  CO. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  aciciilar  crystals  in  quartz.  (C.) 

RAPPAHANNOCK 

Gold  ;  a  single  lump  of  gold  ore   was  found  near  the  Falls, 
yielding  17  dwts.  (Morse.) 

RICHMOND. 

Sulphur,  at  the   coal  mines,  about  14  ra.  from  Richmond,  ia 

Chesterfield  Co.  ;   it  rises  in  fumes  through  fissures  in  the 

earth,  and  is  deposited   in  acicular  crystals,  at  the  orifices, 

from  which  it  issues. 

Coal,  in  beds  or  strata,  on  granite,  and  covered  by 
Clay  Slate,  which  often  exhibits  vegetable  impressions. 
Charcoal,  pure,  in  the  form  of  sticks  or  logs,  is  frequently  as- 

sociated with  the  coal. 
Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  near. 
Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near,  sometimes  massive  and  granu- 

lar, and  sometimes  compact,  of  a  blood  red  color,  and  im- 

bedded in  milk  white  quartz,  associated  with  the 
Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  which   is   sometimes  com- 

pact, and  sometimes  granular.  (C.) 
Limpid  Quartz,  in  beautiful  pebbles  covering  the  side   of  the 

hill  at  the  coal  pits. 
Fuller's  Earth,  at  the  coal  mines. 
Sulphate  of  illumine,  efflorescing  on  the  rubbish  at  the  coal 

mines.    Also 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  very  abundant  in  the  slate,  W.  S.  W.  from 

Richmond,  and  3  m.  S.  of  James  river.  (Sil.  1.125.) 


ROCKBRIDGE  CO. 

Limestone,  constituting   the  "  Natural  bridge,"  over  Cedar 

creek,  a  branch  of  the  James. 
Limpid  Quartz,  perfect  and  beautiful  crystals.  (Sil.  1.225.) 


ROCKFISH 


KUUK* l&tt. 

Marble,  on  the  N.  side  of  Jarnes  river,  at  the  mouth  of  the 


203  VIRGINIA. 

Rockfish ;  of  good  quality,  sometimes  white,  but  generally 
variegated  with  red,  blue,  and  purple.  (Morse.) 

ROCKFISH  GAP. 

Epidote,  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  so  disseminated  in  greenstone,  as 
to  render  it  porphyritic.  (C.)  It  is  frequently  associated  with 
quartz,  and  sometimes  imbedded  in  it.  (••:il.  1.116.) 

SALTVILLE. 

Gypsum,  near,  20  m.  N.  from  Abingdon  ;  it  is  quarried,  and 
employed  as  a  manure  in  the  neighboring  parts  of  Virginia 
and  Tennessee.  (C.) 

SHANNONDALE   SULPHUR  SPRINGS. 

Sdenite,  (C.)  in  large  6  sided  prisms,  in  the  bottom  of  the 
springs  near  the  Shenandoah  river,  near  considerable  mass- 
es of  Limestone ;  the  crystals  occur  in  groups  which  ap- 
pear to  shoot  from  a  matrix  of 

Clay, 

Marl,  and  calcareous  earth.  (8U.  4.52.J 

SHENANDOAH  CO. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  near  Woodstock  or  Millerstown,  in  small, 
loose  masses,  in  the  fissures  of  a  limestone,  containing 
shells. 

Ferruginous  Jirseniate  of  Copper,  incrusting  the  oxide  of  man- 
ganese. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  the  Shenandoah. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  sometimes  crystallized,  but  usually  com- 
pact. (C.) 

SHEPHERDSTOWN. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  on  the  Potomac,  in  veins  of  white  limestone 
traversing  blue  limestone,  colors  red  and  purple.  (C.) 

STAFFORD  CO. 

Petrified  Wood,  4  rn.  N.  of  the  court  house,  on  the  road  from 
Washington  to  Fredericksburgh,  and  16  m.  from  the  latter, 
apparently  the  trunk  of  a  tree,  about  8  inches  in  diame- 
ter, firmly  fixed  in  the  ground,  by  the  side  of  the  road,  col- 
or white.  (Sil.  1.2L6.)  Woodstone,  almost  black,  has  been 
found  in  this  county.  (Sil.  5.256.) 


VIRGINIA.  209 

STAUNTON. 

White  Marble,  very  fine  resembling  the  Italian,  is  said  to  oc- 
cur in  considerable  quantity  15  m.  from  Staunton.  (Sil. 
1.220.) 

UNION. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  near  Union  in  Loudon  Co.  (C.) 

WELLS  BURG. 

Coal  (C.) 

WHEELING. 

Coal.  (CO  A  very  productive  bed  of  coal  exists  in  the  north- 
ern extremity  of  the  town ;  its  thickness  is  about  6  feet, 
and  it  occurs  beneath  the 

Limestone.  (Nuttall.) 

WIER'S  CAVE. 

Stalactites,  and 

Stalagmites,  of  great  size  and  beauty  ;  some  of  the  stalactites 
are  delicately  white.  This  cave  is  in  Rockingham  Co.,  it 
is  1 1  rn.  in  extent,  from  3  to  40  feet  high,  from  2  to  30 
feet  wide,  and  divided  into  various  apartments. 

Arragonite.  (C.) 

Blue  Limestone.  (Sil.  1.65.) 

WINCHESTER.       See  NORTH  MOUNTAIN. 

WOODSTOCK.  See  SHENANDOAH. 

WTTHE  CO. 

Sulphurct  of  Lead,  near  New  river,  in  veins  traversing  lime- 
stone, and  sometimes  in  a  gangue  of 

Sulphate  ofBarytes. 

Carbonate  of  Lead,  14m.  from  the  court  house,  on  the  banks 
of  New  river;  it  is  sometimes  massive  and  coherent,  and 
sometimes  disseminated  and  friable,  and  is  usually  yellow- 
ish, reddish,  or  blackish,  sometimes  in  groups  of  white,  acic- 
ular  crystals, — with  galena  and  other  lead  ores,  but  this  pre- 
dominates 5  to  1,  over  all  the  others.  (C.) 

Earthy  Oxide  of  Lead.  (Qlmsted) 
27 


NORTH  CAROLINA. 


Garnets  have  been  found  in  the  interior,  as  large  as  a  child's 
head. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant,  in  the  western  part  of  the 
state.  See  Lincoln  Co. 

Red  O:tide  of  Titanium,  in  the  interior  of  the  state.  (C.) 

Fibrous  Gypsum,  western  part  of  the  state.  (Sil.  5.264.) 

Common  Quartz,  scattered  with  singular  profusion,  over  ma- 
ny parts  of  this  state.  The  naked  ridges,  both  of  the  low- 
er and  upper  country,  are  mostly  covered  with  it  in  frag- 
ments, from  the  size  of  a  man's  head  to  that  of  a  small  grain. 
It  frequently  surmounts  the  slate  ridges  that  lie  adjacent  to 
the  Blue  Ridge,  where  it  appears  in  huge  rocks,  perfectly 
white  and  pure  ;  and  it  is  associated,  in  regular  strata,  with 
mica  slate,  making  up  no  inconsiderable  part  of  the  Saura 
Town,  and  Pilot  mountains. 

Clay  Slate.  A  great  slate  formation  crosses  this  state  from 
N.  E.  to  S.  W.  passing  through  the  counties  of  Person, 
Orange,  Chatham.  Randolph,  the  western  part  of  Moore, 
and  Anson,  the  eastern  part  of  Davidson,  Rowan,  and  Ca- 
barrus,  and  covering  the  whole  of  the  county  of  Montgom- 
ery. The  varieties  of  clay  slate,  and  Chlorite  Slates  are  nu- 
merous, embracing  Roofing  Slate,  Aluminous  Slate,  blue 
and  purple,  and  many  lighter  kinds  of  argillite, — all  in  per- 
pendicular strata.  Within  this  formation  are  also  included 
large  beds  of  Soapstone,  Talc,  and 

Novaculite,  beds  of  different  qualities  are  very  numerous 
throughout  the  slate  formation.  Porphyry,  near  the  novac- 
ulite,  in  parellel  beds  :  when  first  taken  from  the  ground, 
susceptible  of  a  high  polish,  and  is  beautiful,  exhibiting  a 
ground  of  black,  purple,  or  green,  speckled  with  white,  shin- 
ing crystals.  It  occurs  in  great  abundance,  in  blocks  above, 
or  in  continuous  beds  below  the  ground. 

Sulphuret  of  Copper,  Pyritous  Copper,  and 
Green  Carbonate  of  Copper,  and  Iron  Ores. 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  plates,  with  intersecting  striae  on 
their  surfaces,  is  found  in  loose  pieces  on  the  ground,  or  ad- 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  211 

bering  to  the  Quartz  which  is  found  every  where  betray- 
ing a  "strong  tendency  towards  crystallization,  or  in  actual 
crystals,  is  scattered  over  the  surface  of  this  region. 

Native  Gold.  In  the  southern  part  of  North  Carolina,  over 
the  foregoing  slate  formation,  lies  the  deposit  of  native  gold. 
It  is  not,  however,  confined  to  the  slate,  but  extends  be- 
yond it  on  the  west,  where  it  covers  granite  and  gneiss.  It 
is  found  in  Anson,  Cabarrus,  and  Montgomery  Co.,  chiefly 
in  the  small  tributaries  of  the  Yadkin  and  Rocky  rivers,  and 
in  tiie  bed  of  the  latter ;  in  a  horizontal  deposit  of  gravel 
and  clay,  in  pieces  of  various  sizes  from  small  grains  to  a 
mass  weighing  28  Ibs.  Deposite  for  the  most  part  covers 
argillite  ;  but  also  extends  beyond  that  formation  :  —depth 
below  the  surface,  from  a  few  inches  to  6  or  7  feet,  accord- 
ing as  the  ground  is  elevated  or  low.  The  foregoing  de- 
posit covers  an  area  of  at  least  1.000  square  miles, 

Pipe  Clay,  very  common  in  the  low  country,  in  the  "  Plastic 
Clay"  formation. 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes,  scattered  abundantly  over 
the  slate  country. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  found  in  small  masses,  in  several  parts  of 
the  state,  but  no  large  bed  or  vein  yet  discovered. 

Manganese,  very  abundant  in  several  parts  of  North  Carolina. 
(O.) 

ANSON  CO. 

Clay  Slate.     See  Clay  Slate  under  North  Carolina. 

Native  Gold,  on  Richardson's  Creek,  a  branch  of  Rocky  riv- 
er. 50  m.  from  Salisbury.  See  Native  Gold  under  North 
Carolina.  (O.) 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  abundant.  (Sil.  3.3.) 

BUNCOMBE  CO. 

Sulphate  oj  Barytes,  in 

Clay  Slate. 

Zircon,  (C.)     The  sulphate  of  barytes  is  found  about  6  m. 

above  the  springs. 
Stalactites  are  found  in  a  cavern  of 
Limestone,  which  may  be  penetrated  with  convenience  for  30 

yards,  near  the  Ferry  below  the  springs. 
Yellow  Ochre,  in  a  cave  near  the   above,  in   large   quantity, 

and  of  good  quality.     Cobalt,   Copper,  and  Iron,  are  said, 

to  exist  in  the  neighboring  mountains,  (tiil.  3.117.J 


212  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Zirconite  is  found  in  considerable  quantity,  in  loose  soil,  on  a 
small  mountain,  which  appears  to  be  a  dependent  upon  the 
mountains  known  by  the  name  of  Saluda.  It  is  on  the  road 
leading  from  the  Saluda  Gap  to  Ashville,  and  is  the  first 
elevation  to  the  left,  after  passing  Green  river.  Gneiss  and 
sienite  are  the  principal  rocks  of  this  mountain.  Among 
the  rocks  are  also  found 

Garnets,  in  rhomboidal  dodecahedrons. 

Sulphur  et  of  Iron , 

Hepatic  Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron.  (J.  A.  N.  S.  P.  3.59.J 

BURKE  CO. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  granular,  dove  colored,  and  fine  grained, 
suitable  for  marble,  said  to  be  abundant.  (0.) 

CABARRUS  CO. 

Sulphate  oj  Barytes,  granular,  in  nodules  and  veins,  in  a  bed 
of  black  manganese,  N.  E.  corner  of  this  Co.  15  m.  from 
Salisbury. 

Fetid  Quartz,  color  black,  at  the  gold  mines. 

Native  Gold,  Reed's  mine,  on  Meadow  creek,  a  small  branch 
of  Rocky  river,  30  in.  from  Salisbury.  This  was  the  first 
that  was  opened.  See  Native  Gold,  under  North  Carolina 

Pyritous  Copper,  elegant  specimens  at  Reed's  gold  mine. 

Talc,  in  a  bed  accompanied  by  black  manganese,  very  unc- 
tious, — splits  into  thin  laminae,  presenting  surfaces  which 
are  beautifully  variegated  with  arborizations,  hence  called 
by  the  inhabitants,  "  the  Calico  Rocks."  N.  E.  corner  of 
the  Co.,  15m.  from  Salisbury. 

Scaly  Talc,  of  a  silvery  white,  is  found  at  the  same  place. 

Black  Oxide  of  Manganese,  mammillary,  and  compact,  a 
bed  in  talc,  N.  E.  corner  of  the  Co.  15  m.  from  Salisbury, 
commences  8  feet  below  the  surface, — has  been  explored 
30  feet  in  depth,  extent  unknown, — soil  over  the  bed  im- 
pregnated with  manganese,  and  of  a  liver  color. 

Ferruginous  Oxide  oj  Manganese  accompanies  the  gold  de- 
posit, lying  above  it.  (0.) 

CHATHAM  CO. 

Quartz,  almost  every  variety.  (Sil.  5.261.) 
Petrosilex,  and  porphyry,  and 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  213 

Clay  Slate,  and 

Novaculite.     See  Clay  Slate  under  North  Carolina. 

Bituminous  Shale,  black,  greasy,  with 

Coal,  in  a  bed,  in  a  great  sandstone  formation,  on  Deep  river, 
40  m.  S.  W.  from  Chapel  hill,  at  the  southern  extremity  of 
this  Co. — quality  good,  and  believed  to  be  abundant. 

Brown  Hematite,  near  Teak  creek,  abundant.  (O.) 

DAVIDSON  CO. 

Clay  Slate.     See  North  Carolina. 

Soapstone  abounds  in  this  Co.  and  several  other  parts  of  the 
state.  (O.) 

FAYETTVILLE. 

Petrified  Wood  occurs  in   very  numerous  fragments,   usually 

scattered  over  sandy  plains.  (&i/.  5.261.) 
Potter's  Clay.    Infusible  clays  occur  here,  and  in  various  parts 

of  the  low  country.  (O.) 

FORT  BARNWELL.   See  WAYNE  CO. 
GERMANTON. 

Carbonate  of  Lime-,  foliated,  pale  blue,  an  extensive  bed  cross- 
ing the  state  ;  quarries  are  opened  at  Snow  creek,  20  m.  N. 

Potter's  Clay,  infusible  clays  at  this  place,  and  in  various  parts 
of  the  low  country.  See  Lincoln  Co. 

Coal,  in  veins  in  a  small  tract  of  secondary,  on  Dan  river, 
and  thence  to  Germanton,  Stokes  Co. 

Lignite,  in  a  "  Plastic  Clay  Formation,"  near,  in  parallel  logs, 
obeying  the  direction  and  inclination  of  the  strata  of  the 
country,  flattened  and  ellipsoidal ;  sometimes  scattered  over 
the  ground  in  fragments.  Bituminous  and  combustible.  (O.) 

GRANVILLE  CO. 

Limpid  Quartz,  fine  crystals  are  found  in  this  Co.  A  regular 
prismatic  crystal  from  Oxford,  exhibited  within,  a  concen- 
tric crystal  of  smaller  dimentions,  but  having  the  prism  and 
pyramid  of  precisely  the  same  figure. 

Talc,  a  very  fine  bed,  approaching  the  characters  of  French 
chalk,  of  a  delicate  white,  or  light  flesh  color,  20  m.  from 
Oxford,  on  the  road  to  Person  court  house.  (O.) 


UNIVERSITY 


214  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

GREENE  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  very  abundant,  from  decomposing  pyrites, 

HALIFAX. 

Pipe  Clay,  near.  It  is  very  common  in  the  low  country,  in 
the  "  Plastic  Clay  Formation."  ( O.) 

HILLSBOROUGH. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  lamellar,  in  a  vein  of  quartz  traversing 
clay  slate.  The  quartz  adheres  to  the  sides  of  the  barytes, 
and  shoots  long  crystals  into  the  mass.  This  mineral  di- 
vides into  tabular  fragments,  slightly  rhomboidal,  a  figure 
which  it  obstinately  preserves ;  it  is  eminently  pure,  and 
beautiful,  of  a  light  sky  blue,  or  of  a  pearly  white  color,  and 
a  glistening  lustre.  (O.)  (Sil.  5.227.) 

Talc,  accompanying  Jlrgillite  in  their  curved  laminae,  with 
projecting  knobs,  of  a  tine  flesh  color,  and  considerable  lus- 
tre. (O.) 

Mum  hlate,  some  of  the  argillites  near,  appear  to  be  of  this 
kind.  (O.  in  Sil.  5.263.)  See  Orange  Co. 

JOHNSON  CO. 

Sulphate  oj  Iron,  from  decomposing 

Pyrites,  extremely  abundant,  on  the   banks  of  the  Neus  for 

100  m.  particularly  in  this  Co.,  Waine,  Lenoir,  and  Greene 

(0.) 

LENOIR  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  from  decomposing  pyrites,  extremely  abun- 
dant on  the  banks  of  the  Neus.  (O.) 

LINCOLN  CO. 

Compact  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (Sil.  3.3.) 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  foliated,  pale  blue,  and  bluish  white  color, 
forms  an  extensive  bed  crossing  the  state.  Quarries  are 
opened  in  Stokes,  Surry,  and  at  King's  mountain,  in  this 
Co.  The  limestone  bed  reposes  on  mica  slate.  It  has 
been  observed  only  at  the  lowest  levels,  as  on  the  banks  of 
creeks  and  rivers. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  semitransparent  rhombs,  in  the  limestone, 

Chalcedony,  and 

Cacholong,  incrusting 


NORTH  CAROLINA,  215 

Hornstone, 

Carnelian, 

Jasper,  red  and  yellow,  and 

Agate,  are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  limestone,  throughout 
its  whole  extent. 

Lazulite,  not  far  from  Lincolnton. 

Feldspar,  Green  and  pure  white,  in  limestone. 

Fibrous  Actynolite,  in  the  limestone. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  numerous  inexhaustable  beds  in 
the  counties  east  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  particnlarly  Suny, 
Stokes,  and  this  Co.,  extensively  manufactured.  Numer- 
ous beds  of  this  ore  are  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  lime- 
stone through  its  whole  extent. 

Black  Oxide  of  Manganese  is  said  to  be  abundant  in  this  Co. 
(O.) 

MONTGOMERY  CO. 

Petrosilex,  composing  a  magnificent  structure   at  the  falls  of 

the  Yadkin.  (Sti.  5.263.) 
Clay  State,  covering  the   whole  of  this  Co.     See  Clay  Slate 

under  North  Carolina. 
Native  Gold.     Parker's   mine,  on  a   small  tributary   of  the 

Yadkin,   25   m,   from  Salisbury,  and    5  or  6   m-  from   the 

Narrows  of  the  Yadkin.     See  Native  Gold   under  North 

Carolina.  (O.) 

NASH  CO. 

Pipe  Clay,  near  the  court  house.  It  is  very  common  in  the 
low  country  in  the  plastic  clay  formation. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  this  Co.  and  several  other  pla- 
ces in  the  low  country.  (O.) 

ORANGE  CO. 

Lampid  Quartz,  fine  crystals  are  found  in  this  Co. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  fragments  over  argillite. 

Tabular  Quartz ;  the  tables  an  inch  square,  or  larger,  meet- 
ing at  different  angles,  sb  as  to  form  cells,  and  incrusted 
throughout  with  minute  crystals  of  quartz. 

Granular  Quartz,  numerous  beds,  usually  over  slate,  pure 
white,  sometimes  friable;  used  for  course,  sharp  whet- 
stones. (0.) 

Hornstone.,  passing  into 


216  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

Flint,  in  nodules,  often  4  inches  in  diameter,  near  Chapel 
Hill.  (SiL  5.264.) 

Petrosilex.  Petrosiliceous  porphyry,  forming  a  parallel  ridge 
near  the  novaculite,  6  m.  Ww  from  Chapel  Hill,  colors 
black,  purple,  and  green,  susceptible  of  a  fine  polish ;  very 
abundant. 

Soapstone,  in  the  eastern  part  of  this  county,  20  m.  E.  of 
Hillsborough,  extremely  elegant ;  it  is  sufficiently  hard  and 
compact  to  take  a  good  polish,  and  has  a  soft,  white  ground 
variegated  with  tints  of  red.  (O.) 

Chlorite  Slate,  and  greenstone  slate.  (8il.  5.263.) 

Clay  Slate.     See  North  Carolina. 

Novaculite  occurs  in  numerous  beds,  of  different  qualities, 
throughout  the  slate  formation.  The  finest  specimen  is 
found  7  m.  W.  of  Chapel  Hill.  It  is  of  an  olive  green  col- 
or, semi-hard,  translucent,  and  small  conchoidal,  resembling 
in  external  appearance,  some  varieties  of  hornstone.  The 
surface,  when  polised,  is  frequently  clouded,  striped,  or 
chequered,  so  as  to  be  quite  ornamental.  In  short  it  an- 
swers to  the  description  of  the  genuine  Turkey  oil  stone, 
and  is  preferred  by  the  carpenters  to  any  hones  in  the  mar- 
ket. Another  oil  stone,  a  little  inferior  to  the  above,  is 
found  2  m.  from  Chapel  Hill ;  it  is  more  slaty  than  the  for- 
mer, splits  into  rhomboidal  tables,  while  the  fragments  of 
the  other  are  generally  amorphous ;  is  more  splintery,  and 
of  a  light  yellow  color,  instead  of  green.  In  many  speci- 
mens it  exhibits,  moreover,  the  finest  dendritic  delineations. 

Water  Hones  are  more  common ;  a  very  fine  bed  crosses  the 
Salisbury  road,  21  m.  VV.  of  Chapel  Hill.  The  beds  of 
Novaculite  are  in  general  less  slaty,  and  have  their  upper 
ridges  more  rounded  than  the  argillite,  and  chlorite  in  the 
vicinity. 

Pipe  Clay,  in  several  places. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes,  exceedingly  common  in  this  re- 
gion. On  the  Haw  river  they  occur  in  such  abundance, 
that  an  individual,  it  is  said,  supposing  them  to  be  valuable, 
collected  several  bushels  of  them.  (O.  SiL  5.262.) 

Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  &LC.  in  quartz,  from  Hillsborough 
southward  into  Chatham,  more  than  20  m.  (SiL  5.261.) 

Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Manganese  accompanies  the  novacu- 
lite, where  it  appears  near  the  surface,  in  thin  layers,  or  in 
nodular  pieces  exhibiting  mammillary,  distinct  concretions* 
(O.) 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  217 

PERSON  CO. 

Soapstone,  in  large  beds,  among  Jlrgillite,  very  compact  in 
structure,  affording  excellent  blocks  for  architectural  pur- 
poses. (O.) 

RALEIGH.       See   WAKE  CO. 
RANDOLPH  CO. 

Talc,  fibrous,  resembling  asbestus,  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
Co. 

Soapstone,  in  large  beds,  among  Argillite,  very  compact  in 
structure,  affording  excellent  blocks  for  architectural  pur- 
poses 

Native  /row,  a  small  mass  of  about  2  Ibs.  was  found  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  a  bed  of 

Argillaceous  Iron  Ore. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  from  decomposing  pyrites.  (O.) 

ROCKINGHAM  CO. 

Talc,  with  radiated  crystals.  (Sil.  5  259.J 
Red  Oxide,  of  Iron,  near  the  river  Maho.  (0.) 

ROWAN  CO. 

Columnar  Basalt.     Basaltic  dykes,   (^ee  SiL  5.1.) 
Soapstone  abounds  in  this  Co.  and  several  other  parts  of  the 

state. 
Porcelain  Clay,  on  the  sides   of  Flat  swamp  mountain,  14  m. 

from  Salisbury,  soft  and  unctuous ;  abundant.  (O.) 

SALISBURY. 

Black  Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  a  bed,  crossing  the  road,  1  m. 
N.  of  Salisbury,  accompanying  granite,  of  apparently  good 
quality.  (O.j 

STOKES   CO. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,,  foliated,  folia  small,  and  irregular,  color, 
pale  blue,  and  bluish  white,  forms  an  extensive  bed  cross- 
ing the  state.  Quarries  are  opened  at  Snow  creek,  20  m. 
N.  of  Germanton  ;  also  12  m.  W.  of  Salem. 

Calcareous  Spar,  semitransparent  rhombs,  in  limestone. 

Chalcedony, 

Jasper,  red,  and  yellow, 
28 


218  NORTH  CAROLINA. 

i 

Agate, 

Carnelian,  and 

Cacholong,  in  crusting 

Hornxtone,  are  found  scattered  on  the  surface  of  the  ground 

in  the  vicinity  of  the  limestone.  (O.) 
Tourmaline,  crystallized  in  mass.  (Sil.  5.263.) 
Feldspar,  green  and  pure  white,  in  the  limestone  beds. 
Petuntze,  near  the  limestone,  abundant. 
Fibrous  jlctynolite,  in  the  limestone;  fine  specimens  of  acic- 

ular  actynolite  are  found  on  Snow  creek,  in  limestone.  (0.) 
Foliated  Talc.  (Sil.  5.264.) 
Steatite.  (Sil.  5.259.) 
Magnesian  Clay,  11  m.  S.  E.  of  the  Pilot  mountain,  porous 

and  meagre,  but  extremly  white,  imbedded  in 
Red  Clay,  near  a  bed  of 
Iron  Ore. 
Graphite,  in   a  bed  of  considerable  extent,  a  little  E.  of  the 

Pilot  mountain,  quality  a  little  inferior  to  that  of  Wake  Co. 

(O.) 

Magnetic  Pyrites,  disseminated  in  limestone.  (Sit.  5.262.) 
Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  numerous  and  inexhaustable  beds, 

in  the  counties  E.   of  the  Blue  Ridge,  particularly  in   this 

Co.,  Surry,  and  Lincoln ;  extensively  manufactured. 
Specular  Oxide  of  Iron,  usually  adhering  to  quartz,  scattered 

over  the  slate  ridges ;  also  in  the  quartz  rocks  of  the  Pilot, 

and  Saura  Town  mountains.  (0.) 

SURllY  CO. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  color,  pale  blue,  and  bluish  white  ;  quar- 
ries are  opened  5  m.  below  the  court  house,  on  the  Yad- 
kin.  See  Lincoln. 

Schorl,  in  small  crystals,  forming  masses  of  various  sizes,  some 
weighing  several  hundred  pounds.  It  contains  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  oxide  of  iron,  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  numerous  and  inexhaustible  beds. 
East  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  particularly  in  Surry,  Stokes,  and 
Lincoln ;  extensively  manufactured. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  on  Mitchell's  river,  10  m.  E.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  a  lofty  precipice  of  decomposing  slate. 

Brown  Oxide  of  Manganese,  containing  a  mixture  of  mica, 
found  in  gneiss,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Co.  (0.) 


NORTH  CAROLINA.  219 

WAKE  CO. 

Limpid  Quartz,  fine  crystals  are  found  in  this  Co.  (0.) 

Flint,  (hornstone,)  associated  with  compact,  earthy  limestone. 

Tremolite,  in  veins  in  the  Plumbago  formation.  (Sil.  5.260  & 
5.264.J 

Hornblende,  crystallized,  in  chlorite,  same  place,  and  among 
the  serpentine,  several  handsome  crystallized  varieties  of 
black  and  green. 

Jlctynolite,  both  common  and  acicular  ;  also  connected  with  the 

Serpentine,  12  m.  N  of  Raleigh,  of  a  superior  quality,  being 
compact,  and  fine  grained,  richly  colored  with  different 
shades  of  green,  and  highly  porphyritic  ;  it  takes  a  fine  pol- 
ish. It  occurs  in  large  blocks,  both  above  and  below  the 
surface. 

Green  Talc, 

Indurated  Talc,  and 

Scaly  Talc,  with  serpentine. 

Steatite,  green  colored  and  beautiful,  accompanied  by  green 
scales  of  talc,  in  the  preceding  serpentine  formation.  (O.) 

Chlorite,  interspersed  with  crystals  of  hornblende ;  abundant. 
(SU.  5.260.) 

Graphite,  in  parallel  beds,  in  breadth  from  a  few  inches  to  12 
feet,  in  mica  slate ; — width  of  the  formation,  so  far  as  ob- 
served, li  m., — direction  near  N.  and  S. — nearest  bed,  2 
m.  W.  of  Raleigh.  The  plumbago  is  sometimes  mixed  with 
the  micaceous  rock,  but  frequently  obtained  pure  in  large 
slabs,  sometimes  traversed  by  small  veins  of  scaly  talc.  (O.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  crystals,  and  in  small  veins  in  mica- 
ceous, or  talcose  slate.  (Sil.  5.259.) 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  on  the  surface  of  the  ground  in  great 
abundance  about  the  serpentine.  (O.) 

WAYNE  CO. 

Marly  Limestone  is  found  in  numerous  parts  of  the  low  coun- 
try. Thirty  m.  from  the  coast,  it  forms  an  extensive  bed, 
where  it  appears  of  a  light  grey  color,  and  close  texture, 
containing  a  few  shells.  It  is  burnt  for  lime  at  Wilmington, 
but  the  lime  is  said  to  be  of  an  inferior  quality.  More  re- 
mote from  the  coast,  at  Fort  Barnwell,  and  Waynesbor- 
ough,  a  coarse  shell  marl  is  found,  of  a  porous  texture,  and 
full  of  organic  remains.  (O.) 


220  SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

Petrified  Wood,  on  the  banks  of  the  Neuse.  In  many  parts  of 
its  course,  the  banks  of  the  Neus  are  strewed  with  pieces. 
(Sti.  5.261.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  imbedded  in  an  earth  that  is  full  of  coppe- 
ras, on  the  banks  of  the  Neus,  near  Waynesborongh.  It 
effloresces  on  its  surface,  and  is  manufactured  by  the  inhabi- 
tants for  use.  This  pyrites  also  decomposes  on  the  surface 
of  the  ground,  and  forms  copperas.  (Sil.  5.262.) 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  from  decomposing  pyrites,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Neus,  extremely  abundant,  for  100  m.,  particularly  in 
the  counties  of  Wayne,  Johnston,  Lenoir,  and  Greene.  (O.) 

WILMINGTON.       See  WAYNE  CO. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


Native  Gold  is  said  to  have  been  found  on  the  Catawba 
Sulphur  et  of  Jiolybdena.  (C.) 

BROAD   RIVER. 

Marble,  fine  grained,  greyish  white,  abundant  on  the  waters 
of  Broad  river.  (Sil.  4.53.) 

* 

CHESTER  DISTRICT. 

Iron  Ore,  on  the  Catawba,  at  Handsford,  a  quarry  is  opened 
on  the  estate  of  Geu.  Davie.  (Sil.  3.3.J 

COLUMBIA. 

Geodes  of  sandstone,  filled  with  ochres  of  various  colors,  are 
frequently  met  with  in  this  vicinity.  (Sil.  3.2.) 

Jlugite,  two  parellel  black  veins  occur  in  a  mass  of  granite, 
near  the  S.  E.  boundary  of  Columbia,  by  the  side  of  Rocky 
Branch,  which  empties  into  the  Congaree,  just  below  Dr. 
Fisher's  mill  dam.  These  veins  lie  near  to  each  other,  of 
from  1  to  2  inches  in  thickness,  nearly  vertical,  and  of  an 


SOUTH  CAROLINA.  221 

unknown  length  and  depth,  and  appear  to  be  almost  entire- 
ly composed  of  pyroxene. 

Hemitropet  or  Made,  exists  in  these  veins.  (J.  *#.  JV.  S.  P. 
3.146.) 

EUTAW  SPRINGS. 

Shell  Limestone,  Calcaire  Ostree,  a  stratum  of  shells,  in  some 
situations  united  by  a  scanty  calcareous  cement,  composed 
chiefly  of  a  large  species  of  ostrea,  commences  at  these 
springs,  near  Santee  river,  passes  to  Orangeburgh,  and 
crosses  the  Savannah  river  15  m.  below  Augusta,  occasion- 
ally disappearing  under  the  sand.  It  then  may  be  traced 
to  Burke  Co.,  Georgia,  crosses  the  Ogeechee,  near  Louis- 
ville ;  then  near  Sandersville,  passing  through  Wilkinson 
Co.;  it  is  then  found  in  St.  Marks,  in  Florida,  where  the 
tower  and  fort  are  built  of  it.  The  basis  of  the  land,  form- 
ing the  N.  E.  boundary  of  the  Sea  of  Mexico,  is  composed 
of  it ;  from  thence  to  Alachua  plains,  crossing  the  Apa- 
lachicola,  and  preceding  in  a  N.  W.  direction  across  the 
head  of  the  Choctaw  creek  ;  it  meets  the  Alabama  river  near 
Cahawba,  where  this  formation  expands  and  forms  a  basin 
100  m.  square,  composing  the  counties  of  Mongomery,  Dal- 
las, Wilcocks,  Greene,  Marengo,  and  part  of  Washington, 
in  Alabama  It  then  passes  N.-W.  by  Demopolis,  to  the 
Chickasaw  country,  where  it  terminates  near  the  Bluffs, 
extending  600  m.  in  length,  from  10  to  100  m.  in  width, 
and  probably  300  feet  in  thickness.  In  some  parts  it  pre- 
sents immense  banks  of  loose  shells,  10  or  15  m.  in  length, 
without  the  mixture  of  any  foreign  substance.  In  some  sit- 
uations it  contains  large  quantities  of 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  Iron  Pyrites.  (Sil.  7.39  to  41.) 

GREENVILLE  DISTRICT. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystals  are  found  in  this  district.  (C.) 

Antimony,  and 

Carburet  of  Iron,  have  been  observed  here.  (SiL  3.3.) 

LAURENS   DISTRICT. 

Corundum,  a  6  sided  prism  was  found,  near  a  rivulet,  1  or  2 
m.  from  the  court  house.  (C.) 


222  GEORGIA. 

NEWBURY  DISTRICT. 

Limpid  Quartz,  in  alluvial  soil,  perfect  crystals.  (C.) 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  fine  specimens  are  found;  also 
Mica,  in  wide  plates,  and 
Pitchstone,  are  frequently  met  with.  (Sil.  3.3.J 

PENDLETON  DISTRICT. 

Limpid  Quarts,  in  the  northern  parts  of  the  district. 

Native  Magnet. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (C.) 

Antimony,  and 

Carburet  of  Iron,  have  been  observed  here.  (Sil.  3.3.) 

SPARTANBURG  DISTRICT. 

Limestone,  and  colored 

Marble.     A  quarry  is  opened  on  Col.  Nesbit's  land. 
Limpid  Quarts,  in   amorphous  pieces,   on  John  Crawford's 
plantation,  and  elsewhere. 

UNION  DISTRICT. 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium. 
Ferruginous  Oxide  of  Titanium.  (C.) 

YORK  DISTRICT. 

Iron  Ore.  Extensive  iron  works  are  richly  supplied  on  the  spot 
with  this  ore.  (Sil.  3.3.) 


GEORGIA. 


Agate,  in  a  matrix  of 
Limestone,  approaching  chalk. 

AUGUSTA. 

Kaolin,  about  30  m.  N.  W.  from  Augusta,  resembling  the  ka- 
olin of  Limoges,  except  that  its  siliceous  particles  are  much 
finer,  and  scarcely  visible ;  its  colors  white  and  red.  (C.) 


GEORGIA.  223 


Siliceous  Sinter  is  said  to  exist  in 

Buhrstone,  which  is  found  in  the  northeastern  part  of  the  state, 
on  Briar's  creek,  sometimes  irregularly  mixed  with  shell 
limestone.  (C.) 

Hyalite,  in  the  buhrstone,  in  mamrnillary  concretions.  (Hall.) 

Agate,  2  or  3  m.  from  the  road  leading  from  Savannah  to  Au- 
gusta, forming  a  solid  mass  across  Briar's  creek,  which  passes 
through  Milhaven,  and  empties  into  the  Savannah,  on  which 
is  built  a  mill  dam.  Below  the  dam,  in  cutting  the  race 
way,  numerous  hollow  balls  were  found,  filled  with  a  milky 
fluid.  (Sil.  8.285.) 

BURKE  CO. 

Buhrstone,  a  range  of  petrified  marine  shells,  from  which  mill- 
stones are  obtained,  commences  at  Shell  Bluff,  and  extends 
southwesterly  through  the  state.  (C.) 

OCONEE  RIVER. 

Yellow  Ochre,  very  beautiful,  on  the  waters  of  the  Oconee. 
(Sil.  4.53.) 

RACOON  MOUNTAIN. 

Nitrate  of  Potash,  at  Nicojack,  J  a  m.  from  the  S.  bank  of 
Tennessee  river,  in  a  cavern,  the  entrance  to  which  is  50 
feet  high,  and  160  feet  wide.  One  bushel  of  earth  from  this 
cavern,  containing  the  nitrate,  both  of  potash  and  lime, 
yields  from  3  to  10  Ibs.  of  crude  nitre.  (C.)  This  cave  is 
situated  in  the  Cherokee  country.  It  forms  a  walled  and 
vaulted  passage  for  a  river  6  feet  deep,  and  60  wide,  20  m. 
S.  W.  of  the  Look-Out  mountain. 

Limestone,  in  immense  horizontal  layers  forming  a  precipice, 
in  which  the  cave  commences.  (Sil.  1.320.) 

SCR1VEN  CO. 

Buhrstone,  considerable  quantities,  it  is  said,  of  this  substance 
have  been  obtained  for  mill  stones,  20  or  30  m.  S.  from 
Mill  Haven.  (C.) 

SHELL  BLUFF.   See  BURKE  CO. 
WASHINGTON  CO. 

Yellow  Ochre,  12  m.  from  Miiledgeville,  forming  a  large  hill, 
of  fine  quality.  (Morse.) 


224 


FLORIDA. 


APALACHICOLA. 

Limestone,  and 

Iron  Ore,  are  found  on  the  banks  of  this  river.  (Morse.) 

ESCAMBIA  BAY. 

Potter's  Clay,  7  m.  above  Pensacola,  in  a  plastic  clay  forma- 
tion. Clay  abounds  in  Florida.  (SiL  7.37.) 

ST.  MARKS. 

Shell  Limestone,  composed  entirely  of  shells,  cemented  to- 
gether ;  the  tower  and  fort  at  this  place  are  built  of  this 
stone.  (Sil.  7.41.;  See  Eutaw  springs,  S.  C. 


ALABAMA. 

DALLAS   CO. 

Shell  Limestone,  composed  entirely  of  shells.  (SiL  7.41 ) 

GREENE  CO. 

Shell  Limestone,  composed  of  oyster  shells  cemented.  (SiL 
7.41) 

HUNTSVILLE. 

Buhrstone.  (SiL  7.39.; 

MARENGO  CO. 

Shell  Limestone,  composed  of  oyster  shells  cemented.  (SiL 
7.41.; 

MOBILE  BAY. 

Potters1  Clay  in  a  plastic  clay  formation.  (SiL  7.37.; 


MISSISSIPPI.  225 


MONTGOMERY  CO. 

Shell  Limestone  in  abundance.  (Sil.  7.41.) 


WASHINGTON  CO. 


Shell  Limestone   in   abundance.     (S*7.    7.41.)     See    Eutaw 
Springs,  South  Carolina. 


MISSISSIPPI. 


Amethyst,  one  crystal  was  found  in  this  state.   (Sil.  1.325.) 

CHICASAW  BLUFFS. 

Potter's  Clay,  in  a  "  Plastic  clay  formation."  (Sil.  7.37.) 


Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  small  quantities.  (Sil.  1.325.) 


Sulphurei  of  Lead,  in  small  quantities    (Sil.  1.325.) 

NATCHLZ. 

Petrified  Wood.  An  excessive  drought,  in  the  summer  and 
autumn  of  1800,  displayed  to  view  a  flat  of  more  than  1(;0 
paces  wide,  along  the  bottom  of  the  usual  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi river,  near  Natchez,  at  low  water,  which  probably  was 
never  visible,  at  least  for  ages,  to  human  eyes.  On  this  flat 
were  to  be  seen  trunks  of  trees  in  a  complete  state  of  petri- 
faction, bearing  no  marks  of  timber,  except  the  form,  and  dif- 
ferent colors  of  white  and  red  wood,  both  of  which  are  much 
changed.  Also  on  the  same  flat  or  bottom  lie  thousands  of 
bodies,  which  have  the  appearance  of  stone,  of  all  sizes, 
from  the  bulk  of  walnuts  to  that  of  large  pots.  Many  of  the 
large  ones  are  broken  ;  they  have  the  appearance  of  frag- 
ments of  pots,  and  seem  to  be  rich 

Iron  Ore.  A  stroke  of  the  hammer  will  break  them  to  pie- 
ces like  an  earthen  vessel.  They  incline  to  a  globular. 
29 


226  TENNESSEE. 

form,  with  some  flats  on  their  surfaces,  and  within  each  is 
a  nucleus  of  a  white,  marly  substance,  about  the  consisten- 
cy, when  dry,  of  chalk.  The  mass  above  the  plain  is  of  a 
substance  between  hard  clay  and  stone,  mixed  with  gravel 
and  strongly  impregnated  with  the 

Sulphate  of  Iron.  (J.  Hall,  D.  D.) 

Potter's  Clayt  in  a  Plastic  Clay  formation.  (Sti.  7.37.) 


LOUISIANA. 


Meteoric  Native  Iron,  a  mass  weighing  upwards  of  3000  Ibs. 
at  present  in  the  museum  of  the  Literary  and  Philosophical 
Society  of  New  York,  was  found  near  the  Red  River,  400 
m.  above  Natchitoches,  or  more.  Other  masses  were  left 
in  the  vicinity.  (C.)  (Sil.  3.45,  &  8.218.) 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  (Bruce,  125.) 


TENNESSEE. 


Nitrate  of  Potash  is  found  in  calcareous  caverns  in  this  state. 
Compact  Limestone,  eastern  part  of  the  state,  imbedding 
Hornstone,  in  globular  masses. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  manufactories  of  copperas  are  established  in 
this  state.  (C.) 


CUMBERLAND  MOUNTAIN. 


Coal  is  said  to  exist  in  immense  quantities  in  this  mountain. 
(Sil.  1.63.) 

Nitrate  of  Potash.  The  numerous  caves  found  in  this  moun- 
tain and  other  parts  of  Tennessee,  have  been  very  produc- 
tive of  the  nitrate  of  potash.  (Sil.  1.65.)  See  Warren  Co. 


TENNESSEE.  22? 

ELK  RIVER. 

Compact  Rid  Oxide  of  [ron,  on  this  river,  very  hard   and 
compact.  (C.) 

GRANGER    CO. 

Sulphuret  ofLead,on  land  belonging  to  Gen.  Cocke.  (SiL  1.63.) 

KNOXV1LLE. 

Coal,  near.  (C.)     A  bed,  of  excellent   quality,  is   wrought 

near.  (SiL  1.63,) 
Grey  Limestone  occurs  in  immense  quantities  in  this  vicinity. 

Its  appearance  is  that  of  some   variegated   marbles  ;  white 

veins  penetrate  it,  and  wind  through  it  in  every  direction. 

{SiL  1.220.) 

NASHVILLE. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  near ;  (C.)    on  the  plantation  of  the  Rev. 

Mr.  Craighead,  it  exists  very  near  the  surface.  (Sil    1.63.) 
Sulphate  of  Barytes  with  galena  6  m.  N.  in  the  channel  of  a 

little  creek,  commonly  dry,  also 
•flgatized,  petrifactions,  siliceous  and  calcareous,  many  of  them 

are  found   also  upon  the  highest  lands,  on  the  plantation  of 

Mr.  Craighead.  (SiL  5.269.) 

OVERTON    CO. 

Gypsum,  near  Cumberland  River.  (C.) 

SEVIER  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes.  (C.) 

SMITH  CO. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  white  or  purple  cubes,  which  are  some- 


times truncated,  or  bevelled  on  the  edges.  (C.) — Some  of 
the  crystals  are  yellow  and  filled  with  brilliant 
Pyrites,  (SiL  4.51.) 

WARREN  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  in  considerable  quantities,  (C.)  in  its  native 
pure  state,  together  with 

Native  Plumose  Jllum^  in  a  cave,  in  Cumberland  Mountain. 
These  beds  of  pure  native  copperas,  or  pure  native  alum, 
are  always  either  in  natural  caves,  or  under  the  brow  of  a 
bluff,  where  they  are  sheltered  from  heavy  rains,  or  torrents 
of  water.  (Bruce,  265.J  See  Cumberland  Mountain. 


228 


KENTUCKY. 


Nitrate  of  Potash,  is  furnished  in  large  quantities  from  calca- 
reous caverns,  which  abound  in  this  state.    See  Madison  Co. 

Native  Nitre,  constituting  what  is  here  called  rock  ore.  which 
is  a  sandstone  richly  impregnated  with  nitre, — at  the  head 
of  narrow  vallies,  which  traverse  the  sides  of  steep  hills, — 
resting,  on  calcareous  strata,  sometimes  presenting  a  front  of 
60  to  100  feet  high — one  bushel  of  this  sandstone  yields 
from  JO  to  20lbs.  of  nitrate  of  potash.  Large  masses  of 
nitre,  nearly  pure,  are  sometimes  found  in  the  fissures  of 
this  sandstone,  and  among  detached  fragments. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  rhombic  crystals,  equal  to  the  Iceland 
spar. 

Nitrate  of  Lime,  in  calcareous  caverns,  with  nitrate  of  potash. 

Native  Murcury,  in  small  globules  in  a  mass,  which  also  ap- 
pears to  contain  some  native  amalgam.  (C.) 

ALLEN  CO.       See  SCOTTSVILLE. 
BIG  SANDY  RIVER. 

Ox'Je  of  Manganese,  near ;  (C.)  near  Greenupsburg,  on  Big 
Sandy  River.  (Sch.)  See  Sandy  River. 

CALDWELL  CO. 

Native  Iron,  malleable,  near  Eddyville.  (T.  A.  Greene.) 

CLARKE    CO. 

Compact  Marble,  handsome ;  colors,  yellow,  smoke,  and  ash 
grey,  considerably  variegated  by  darker  clouds.  (Sit.  3.234.J 


Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (Sch.) 


GOOSE  CREEK. 


Muriate  of  Soda  ;  a  salt  spring   wrought  on  this  creek,  has 
been  very  productive,  (toil.  1.66.J 


KENTUCKY. 

GREENSBURG, 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  near.  (C.) 

GREENUP    CO. 

Oxide  of  Manganese  is  said  to  exist  in  this  county.  (SU. 
2.374.; 

HENDERSON  CO. 

Nitrate  of  Potash,  in  a  cavern,  which  is  said  to  be  very  ex- 
tensive. (C.) 

JESSAMINE  CO. 

Marble,  compact,  very  handsome  ;  colors  yellow,  smoke,  and 
ash  grey,  considerably  variegated  by  darker  clouds.  (SiL 
3.234.) 

LEXINGTON. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  near,  in  opaque,  milk  white  stalactites, 
or  cones,  attached  to  a  base  of  the  same  substance,  in 

Limestone. 

Carbonate  of  Barytes  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  in  large 
quantities,  near.  (C.) 

LICKING  RIVER. 

Hydrogen  Gas,  issuing  in  a  stream,  about  equal  in  volume 
and  force  to  the  blast  of  a  common  smith's  bellows,  without 
cessation,  from  the  bottom  of  a  spring  which  breaks  out  at 
the  foot  of  a  hill,  forming  a  basin  of  water  about  6  feet  in 
diameter,  and  2  feet  deep,  situated  on  one  of  the  principal 
forks  of  Licking  river,  about  f  of  a  rn.  from  the  banks  of 
the  river,  and  about  80  m.  above  its  junction  with  the  Ohio, 
opposite  Cincinnati.  This  gas  burns  with  great  brilliancy;, 
it  is  probably  carburetted  hydrogen.  (Sch.) 

Native  Nitrate  of  Potash.  Masses  of  pure  white,  have  been 
found  on  this  river,  in  the  crevices,  or  between  fragments  of 
sand  rock,  which  is  saturated  with  it.  (Bruce,  108.) 

LOUISVILLE. 

Sulphate  oj  Magnesia,  beautifully  crystallized,  in  a  cave  in 
Indiana,  not  very  far  from  Louisville,  so  abundant  as  to  be 
carried  away  by  the  wagon  load.  (SiL  1.49.)  See  Cory- 
don,  Indiana. 

Limestone.  The  ledge,  composing  the  Falls  of  the  Ohio  is 
nearly  as  horizontal  as  a  floor,  and  filled  with  the  reliquiae 


230  KENTUCKY. 

of  terebratulites,  caryophillites,   corallines,  'encrinites,  &c. 

It  also  contains  an  unusual  portion  of 
Sulphur et  of  Iron,  and  illinitions  of 
Sulphur  el  of  Zinc. 
Petrified  Wood,  near  the  island  which  divides  the  cataract,  m 

considerable  quantity.  (Nuttall,  36.) 

MADISON  CO. 

J\itrate  of  Potash,  in  a  cavern,  on  Crooked  Creek,  about  60  m. 
S.  E.  from  Lexington.  This  cavern  extends  entirely- 
through  a  hill,  and  affords  a  convenient  passage  for  horses 
and  wagons.  Its  length  is  about  646  yards;  breadth  gen- 
erally about  40  feet,  and  its  average  height  about  10  feet. 
One  bushel  of  the  earth  in  this  cavern  yields  from  i  to  2 
Ibs.  of  nitre.  (C.) 

Nitrate  of  Lime,  in  the  earth  with  nitrate  of  potash,  in  the 
above  great  cave.  Scott's  Cave,  2  m.  distant  from  the  great 
cave  is  more  productive  in  nitre.  It  is  obtained  also  from 
Davis'  Cave,  6  m.  distant,  and  from  2  other  caves  within  I 
m.  of  the  great  cave,  and  from  a  cave  on  Rough  Creek,  a 
branch  of  Green  River.  (Bruce,  101J 

MAYSVILLE. 

Coal  (C.) 

MILLERSBURG. 

Sulphur  et  of  Lead,  in 
Limestone.  (C,) 

SANDY  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  in  salt  springs  which  are  found  on  Big,  and 
Little  Sandy  Rivers.  These  springs  afford  a  strong  brine. 
(C.) 

SCOTTSVILLE. 

Petroleum,  5  m.  from  Scottsville,  on  a  spring  of  water ;  it  is 
sufficiently  liquid  to  burn  in  a  lamp,  is  collected  in  consid- 
erable quantities,  and  sells  at  25  cents  a  gallon. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubic  and  octahedral  crystals,  beautiful 
and  well  defined,  so  extremely  minute  as  to  resemble  pow- 
dered fragments,  or  brass  filings,  without  a  lens.  (C.) 

WARREN  CO. 

-Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Green  River,  in  the 
Mammoth  cave.  ( C.) 


OHIO.  231 

WOODWARD  CO. 

Marbkt  compact,  handsome,  colors  yellow,  smoke,  and  ash 

trey ;   considerably    variegated    by    darker    clouds.   (SiL 
.234.) 


OHIO. 


Alum  occurs  in  several  counties,  where  it  i*  employed  for  do- 
mestic purposes. 

Carburetted  Hydrogen  gas  often  issues  from  fissures  in  shale, 
or  secondary  argillite.  When  the  auger,  in  boring  for  salt 
wells,  enters  one  of  these  fissures,  water  and  earth  ara 
sometimes  thrown  up  above  the  surface.  These  apertures 
sometimes  continue  to  blow,  as  it  is  called,  for  several  days, 
and  in  some  cases  the  tubes  in  the  well  are  compressed,  or 
filled  up. 

Coed,  in  different  parts  of  the  state.  In  some  cases,  three  suc- 
cessive beds  of  coal  are  found,  separated  from  each  other  by 

Clay  Slate,  or 

Shale,  bearing  vegetable  impressions.  See  Gallipolis  and 
Zanesville. 

Peat  exists  abundantly  in  this  state. 

Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  in  the  soil  in  the  form  of  a  black  sand, 
and  red  sand,  but  is  usually  more  abundant  in  banks  of  fine 
ferruginous  clay.  See  Erie  Lake,  and  Michigan. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  Cellular  Pyrites,  occurs  in  globular  masses, 
nearly  brass  yellow,  varying  from  the  size  of  a  pea  to  sev- 
eral inches  in  diameter,  and  generally  in  clay. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  several  parts  of  the  state.  It 
sometimes  passes  into  the 

Compact  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Native  Bismuth  is  said  to  have  been  observed  in  small  quan- 
tities in  this  state.  (0.) 

ATHENS   CO. 

Chalcedony.  (C.) 

Green  Carbonate  of  Copper  is  said  to  occur  in  great  abundance 

in  the 
Flint  beds.  (Sil.  3.245.J 


232  OHIO. 

AU  GLAIZE  RIVER. 

Native  Lead.  In  the  bed  of  this  river,  near  its  mouth,  a  mass 
of  crystallized  galena  was  found,  weighing  13  Ibs.,  contain- 
ing native  lead  in  slips,  or  slender,  prismatic  masses.  (C.) 
(Sil.  1.433,  &2.171.) 

BELMONT  CO. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  salines  or  licks  are  found   in  many   places. 
Alum,  exuding  from   the   rocks  in   many   places,  sufficiently 

pure,  and  in  quantities  sufficient  for  several   families  who 

collect  and  use  it  in  dying. 
Limestone,  hard,  and  of  the  best  quality,  is  found  in  detached 

fragments  in  the  sides  of  hills,  and   in   strata,  in  abundance 

along  the  beds  of  streams. 
Potter's  Clay,  in  several   places  is  found  the  best  of  clay  for 

bricks. 
Sulphur  ;  several  sulphur  and  chalibeate  springs  exist  in  this 

Co.  and  some  of  them  throw  out  considerable  quantities  of 
Petroleum. 
Coal.    Fossil  coal  is  every  where  found  under  the  hills,  of  the 

very  best  quality,  and  in  sufficient  quantity  for  fuel  for  ma^ 

ny  future  generations. 

Iron  Ore,  variously  combined,  is  recognized   in  many  places. 
Sulphate  of  Iron  exudes  in  many  places,  sufficiently  pure,  and 

in  quantity  sufficient  for   several   families   who   collect  ahd 

use  it  in  dying.  (Sil.  1.227.J 

BUSH  CREEK. 

Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  this  creek,  from  which  the 
.foundry  at  Cincinnati  is  supplied.  (&ch.) 

ELLSWORTH.       See  TRUJIBULL  CO. 
ERIE  LAKE. 

jSulphuret  of  Mercury  occurs  abundantly  on  the  shores  of  De- 
troit river,  Lake  St.  Clair,  Huron,  and  Michigan,  in  Michi- 
gan, and  Lake  Erie  to  the  mouth  of  Vermillion  river,  in  this 
state.  It  occurs  in  the  soil  in  the  form  of  a  black  and  red 
sand,  but  is  usually  more  abundant  in  the  banks  of  fine  fer- 
ruginous clay.  Near  the  mouth  of  Vermillion  river,  it  is  in 
the  form  of  a  very  fine,  red  powder,  or  in  grains  and  small 
masses,  disseminated  in  clay.  It  yields,  by  distillation, 
about  60  per  cent,  of  Mercury. 


OHIO. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  near  the  riv- 
er Ashtabula.  (C.) 

FORT  MEIGS. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  on  the  Maumee,  3  m.  below  Fort  Meigs, 
in  irregularly  crystallized  masses,  Berlin  blue,  or  white,  of 
different  shades.  (C.) 

GALLIPOLIS. 

Nitrate  of  Potash,  2  m.  from  Gallipolis,  and  in  various  other 
parts  of  the  state.  The  nitre  is  obtained  from  earths,  found 
in  sheltered  places,  which  are  formed  by  the  projecting  of 
large  masses  of  sandstone  ;  sometimes  also  it  occurs  in 
masses  of  considerable  size. 

Coal,  in  different  parts  of  the  state ;  from  this  to  the  Falls  of 
the  Ohio,  it  costs  about  10  cents  a  bushel. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  near,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Ohio  river,  be- 
tween Indian  Wheeling  and  Campaign  Creek.  (C.)  A  bed 
of  coal  is  worked  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  some  distance 
above  the  base  of  a  high  cliff,  and  overlaid  by  a  massive, 
micaceous  sandstone,  constituting  the  main  body  of  the  hill, 
and  as  usual,  horizontally  stratified  ;  beneath  the  coal  ap- 
peared a  laminated 

Limestone.  (Nuttall,  24.) 

HOCKHOCKING  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  in  springs,  on  the  banks  of  this  river. 
Calamine  is  said  to  occur  in  white  plates  or  laminae,  between 

strata  of 
Compact  Limestone,  near  the  falls  of  the  Hockhocking.  (C.) 

HOCKING   CO. 

Chalcedony. 

Flint,  in  alluvial  beds,  and  sometimes  connected  with 

Limestone. 

Hornstone,  associated  with  other  siliceous  minerals.  (C.) 

HURON  CO. 

Fluate  of  Lime ,  black,  with  a  resinous  lustre  ;  by  transmitted 
light  it  appears  of  a  topaz  yellow,  or  like  smoky  quartz  ;  in 
the  cavities,  the  crystals  are  white  and  transparent.  (Sil. 
5.255.) 

30 


234  OHIO. 

JACKSON. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  on  the  Sciota  ;  in  Jackson  are  salt  wells 
300  feet  deep  ;  the  brine  is  weak,  requiring  213  gallons  to 
a  bushel.  (C.) 

LAKE  ERIE.       See  ERIE  LAKE. 
LIVERPOOL. 

Petroleum.  A  salt  well,  while  boring,  yielded  about  half  a 
barrel  of  petroleum  daily.  (C.) 

MARIETTA. 

Selenite,  near.  (C.) 

MEDINA  CO. 

Petroleum,  in  the  north  part  of  the  county,  on  Duck  Creek. 
(C.) 

MONROE  CO. 

Petroleum,  about  30  m.  from  Marietta,  and  in  various,  other 
parts  of  the  state.  (C.) 

MUSKINGUM  CO. 

Coal.  Common  stone  coal,  highly  bituminous,  is  found 
abundantly.  (Sil.  1.239.)  See  Zanesvilfe. 

PERRY  CO. 

Chalcedony, 

Flint,  sometimes  in  alluvial  beds,  and  sometimes   connected 

with 

L/imestone. 
Hornstone,  associated  with  other  siliceous  minerals.  (C.) 

POLAND.       See  TRUMBULL  CO. 

PRESQJJE  ISLE.       See  WOOD  CO. 

ROCHE  DE  BOUT.       See  WOOD   CO. 

SANDUSKY  BAY. 

§nowy  Gypsum  is  found  m  a  large  body  on  the  shore  of  the 
N.  side  oC  Sandusky  Bay,  in  extremely  delicate  crystalline 


OHIO.  235 

scales,  so  minute  as  scarcely  to  be  discernible  by  the  naked 
eye — color,  pure  white,  with  here  and  there  a  slight  tinge  of 
grey  ;  it  might  be  wrought  as  an  alabaster,  and  is  more 
beautiful  than  any  thing  which  has  been  produced  in  this 
country.  (Sil.  5.39.)  It  forms  a  continuous,  horizontal  stra- 
tum, from  the  flat  shore  of  the  lake,  near  the  light  tiouse  in- 
to the  bed  of  Lake  Erie.  (Sil.  7.48.) 
Quartz,  perfectly  milk  white,  Sandusky  Bay.  (Sil.  5.39.) 

SCIOTA  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Salt  springs  are  found  on  the  banks  of  the 
Sciota. 

Selenite  occurs  in  alluvial  deposit,  on  the  banks  of  the  Sciota. 

Jasper  is  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Sc'.ola.  (C.)  The  prin- 
cipal works  for  the  manufacture  of  salt  in  this  state  are  seat- 
ed on  the  Seweetly,  and  Sciota  rivers.  (Sch.) 

STEUBENVILLE. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron  is  found  in 

Clay  Slate,  or 

Shale,  belonging  to  the  coal  formation.     Manufactories  of  the 

Sulphate  of  Iron  are  established  here.  (C.) 

TRUMBULL  CO. 

Selenite,  at  Poland,  in  fine  crystals,  resembling  those  from 

Oxford,  E.ig.  (C.) 
Crystallized  Gypsum  has  been  found  in  Ellsworth,  in  perfect, 

rhotnboidal  crystals.  (Sil.  4.51.) 
Sulphuret  oj  Iron,  having  every  appearance  of  a  petrifaction 

of  the  body  and  limbs  of  a  frog.  (SU.  5.255.) 

WOOD  CO. 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  on  Ptesque  Isle,  on  the  Maumee  river, 
about  40  m.  S.  of  the  noted  locality  of  this  mineral  upon 
"  Strontian  Island."  It  is  the  site  of  Wayne's  celebrated 
victory  over  the  confederated  Indians,  in  1794  The  Mau- 
mee river  here  washes  a  rocky  shore,  surmounted  by  a 
grove  ot  oaks,  with  an  extensive  prairie  back  of  it.  The 
crystals  of  strontian  are  plentifully  imbedded  in  the  rocky 
bank  of  the  river,  which  is  a 

Compact   Limestone,  similar  in  its  characters  to  that  which 


236  OHIO. 

pervades  the  shores  of  Lake  Erie.     Some  of  these  crystals 
of  strontian  contain  other  crystals  of 

Calcareous  Spar,  imbedded.  Calcareous  spar  is  found  abun- 
dantly at  Roche  de  Bout,  on  the  Maumee  river,  imbedded 
in  limestone,  exhibiting  its  most  common  forms  of  crystal- 
lization, and  frequently  in  perfect  dodecahedrons  of  a  light 
yellow  hue.  (8iL  7.46,  &  47.) 

ZANESVILLE. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  There  is  a  salt  well  8  m.  below  Zanesville, 
on  the  Muskingum,  213  feet  deep,  and  furnishes  80  bush- 
els of  salt  daily  ;  95  gallons  of  brine  yield  a  bushel,  which 
sells  at  $1.50. 

Aluminous  Slate,  1  m.  W.  from  Zanesville,  in  beds  from  a  few- 
inches  to  3  feet  thick,  in  horizontal  strata,  sometimes  be- 
tween strata  of  sandstone,  but  generally  over 

Shale. 

Poiter^s  Clay,  near,  color  white,  with  a  tinge  of  blue. 

Coal,  near,  in  sandstone,  in  which  are  found  fossil  fish,  and 
trees,  converted  into  sandstone. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  near,  on  the  Muskingum,  from  which  is 
manufactured  the 

Sulphate  of  Iron. 

Ochrey  Red  Oxide  of  Iron  occurs  between  this  and  Wheeling, 
in  beds  of  ferruginous  sandstone. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  occurs  on  the  S.  side  of  Licking  Creek, 
between  this  and  Newark. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  near.   (C.) 

Argillaceous  Oiide  of  Iron  is  the  principal  ore  wrought  in 
this  place  (Sch.) 

Bituminous  Shale,  a  stratum  2  or  3  feet  thick,  full  of  indis- 
tinct impressions. 

Carbonized  Wood,  in  sandstone ;  also 

Petrified  trunks,  and  branches  of  trees  are  often  found,  the 
bark  generally  changed  to  stone  coal,  in  the  bed  of  the  Mus- 
kingum. (Sil.  3.5.) 

Alum-stone  is  frequently  found  1,  2,  and  3  feet  in  thickness, 
remarkably  rich,  in  great  abundance,  and  in  many  places 
immediately  above  the  shale.  (Sil.  3.245.) 


237 


INDIANA. 


Coal. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead. 

Native  Bismuth  is  said  to  have  been  observed  in  small  quan- 
tities. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony.  (C.) 

Limestone,  blue  and  grey,  and  their  various  mingled  and  in- 
termediate shades,  much  of  which  contains  shells,  sand- 
stone of  various  shades  of  grey  and  brown,  and 

Clay  Slate,  constitute  the  rocks  of  this  state.  (Sil.  1.131.) 

Hock  Crystal, 

Chalcedony,  and 

Agate,  are  often  found  in  the  beds  of  rivulets.  (Sil.  1.132.) 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  crystallized,  is  sometimes  found  ;  and  ma- 
ny of  the  caves  afford  fine 

Stalartites. 

Petrifactions  are  very  common. 

Sulphur,  many  of  the  springs  are  strongly  impregnated  with  it. 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen,  some  of  the  springs  are  saturated  with 
this  gas. 

Clay,  many  varieties. 

Ochres,  Iron  Ore, 

Gypsum,  Alabaster, 

Muriate  of  Soda,  very  common,  and 

Antimony.  (Sil.  1.133.) 

CORYDON. 

Sulphate  of  Magnesia,  near,  in  a  very  large  cavern  in  Lime- 
stone, where  it  occurs  crystallized,  in  delicate,  shining,, 
white  prisms,  forming  a  stratum  on  the  bottom  several  inch- 
es deep;  or  appears  in  masses,  sometimes  weighing  10  Ibs. 
or  is  disseminated  in  the  earth  of  the  cavern,  1  bushel  of 
which  yields  from  4  to  25  Ibs.  of  this  sulphate.  It  also  ap- 
pears on  the  walls  of  the  cavern  ;  and  if  removed,  acicular 
crystals  again  appear  in  a  few  weeks.  The  same  cavern 
contains 

Sulphate  of  Lime,  and 

Nitrate  of  Lime,  and 

Nitrate  of  Magnesia.  (C.) 


S3S  INDIANA. 

LEATHER-WOOD  CREEK. 

Chalcedony,  on  the  bottom  of  the  Creek,  in  spheroidal  masses, 

sometimes  of  the  size  of  a  large  melon,  forming  geodes, 

whose  interior  presents 
Crystals  of  Quarts, 

•Amethyst,  &c.  or  globular  chalcedony. 
Jlgates,  on  the  bottom  of  the  Creek,  in  geodes,  sometimes  of 

great  beauty.  (C.) 
Rock  Crystal,  agate,  chalcedony,  &ic.  are  found  covering  the 

bottom  of  this  Creek.  (Sil.  J.I 32.; 

RACOON  CREEK. 

Buhrstone  covers  an  area  of  from  10  to  15  acres  square.  This 
Creek  is  noted  throughout  the  western  country,  for  the 
millstones  procured  on  its  banks.  (Sch.) 

SAND  CREEK. 

Buhrstone,  on  this  Creek,  60  m.  from  White  river.,  occurs 
abundantly.  (C.)  Practical  millers,  who  have  examined  this 
buhrstone,  have  pronounced  it  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  the 
French  burrs.  The  locality  is  20  acres  in  extent,  and  ap- 
pears to  be  inexhaustible.  These  millstones  may  be  carri- 
ed down  the  White,  Wabash,  Ohio,  and  Mississippi  rivers, 
to  New  Orleans,  with  great  facility.  (Sil.  1.132.J 

WABASH  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda.     Salt  springs  are  found  on  the  banks.  (C.) 
Calcareous  Spar,  massive  and  translucent,  of  a  honey  yellow 
color,  forming  the  cement  of  a  beautiful  variety  of  pudding- 
stone,  occurs  on  the   right  bank  of  the  Wabash,  5  leagues 
above  the  junction  of  the  Tippecanoe  river. 
Calcareous  Tufa,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Wabash,  directly  op- 
posite the    preceding,  forming  a  long   line  of  precipitous 
cliffs,  fronting  the  river,  and  covered   with  forest  trees  of  a 
small  and  recent  growth.  (Sil.  7.47.J 


259 


MICHIGAN. 


DETROIT  RIVER. 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  on  Grose  Island,  in  Detroit  river,  where 
it  exists  both  in  foliated  masses  and  crystals  ;  color  varies 
frotu  while,  to  dark  bluish  white.  (C.) 

Compact  Limestone  forms  the  bed,  or  gangne  of  the  strontian, 
which  lines  some  of  its  cavities.  (Sil.  5.40.) 

SuJphuret  of  Mercury  occurs  in  the  form  of  a  black  sand,  and 
red  sand,  on  the  shores  ot  Lakes  Michigan,  Huron,  St.Clair, 
Detroit  river,  and  around  the  whole  shore  of  the  western  end 
of  Lake  Erie,  to  the  Vrermilion  river,  in  great  abundance. 
(C.)  The  whole  body  of  the  soil  is  interspersed  with  this  sand 
through  the  whole  of  this  extensive  district  of  country.  But 
generally  it  is  more  abundant  in  banks  of  fine  ferruginous 
clay,  it  is  easily  collected,  and  yields,  by  distillation, 
about  GO  per  cent,  of  mercury.  (&il.  1.433,  &  2.170.J 


GOOSE   ISLAND. 

Fibrous  Gypsum.  This  island  is  9  m  from  Michilimackinac, 
in  Lake  Huron,  on  the  rout  to  the  Sault  of  St.  Mary.  The 
gypsum  is  imbedded  in  a  kind  of  loomy  clay,  which  forms 
a  flat  on  the  S  E.  end  of  the  island  ;  the  masses  are  de- 
tached, —  it  is  associated  with  a  granular  variety,  imbedding, 
small  crystals  of  brown,  or  yellowish  brown,  foliated  gyp- 
sum, variously  grouped.  (Sil.  7.47.J 

GRAND  RIVER. 

Gypsum,  on  this  river.  (C.) 

HURON  LAKE. 

Chalcedony,  on  Shawanguuk  Island. 

Stavrotide,  on  the  shore,  E.   from  Saganaum  Bay,  in  mica 

slate. 
Suipnuret  of  Mercury,  in   the  form  of  a  black   and   red  sand, 

very  abundant  on  the  shore  of  this  lake,  &c.     It  yields  6ft 

per  cent,  of  mercury  by  distillation.  (C.) 
Sulphate  of  Strontian,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  in  ra~ 


240  MICHIGAN. 

diated  crystals,  in  connection  with,  andushootinginto,  limpid 
masses  of 

Foliated  Gypsum,  in 

Limestone,  having  impressions  of  the  madrepore  upon  its  sur- 
face. (Sil.  7.46.) 

LAKES.     See  their  proper  names. 

MICHIGAN  LAKE. 

<Marl,  the  variety  called  Ludus  Helmontii,  (septaria.)  is  found 

on  the  eastern  shore,  between  the  rivers  Black  Water,  and 

Kikalemazo. 
Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  vory  abundant   in  the  form  of  a  black 

sand  and  red   sand,  in   the  soil,  and   on  the   shore  of  Lake 

Michigan,  &tc.  (C.)     See  Detroit  River. 

M1CHILIMACKINAC  CO. 

Milky  Quartz-,  also 

Greasy  Quartz,  at  the  Sault  de  Ste.  Marie,  in  detached  frag- 
ments, white,  opaque,  laminated,  and  possessing  the  pecu- 
liar fatty  lustre. 

Clay  Stone,  on  the  banks  of  the  St.  Mary's  river,  near  the 
Sault,  or  Falls  of  St.  Mary  ;  it  occurs  in  detached,  round- 
ed, or  elongated  masses,  in  a  kind  of  clay  which  is  employ- 
ed for  bricks  ;  it  is  sometimes  found  in  loose  masses  along 
the  banks  of  the  river,  tt  assumes  various  imitative  forms. 
(Sil.  7.48,  &  49.) 

POINT  KEWEENA.       See  SUPERIOR  LAKE. 

SAULT  DE  MARIE.       See  MICHILIMACKINAC. 

ST.  CLAIR  LAKE. 

Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  on  the  shore,  in  the  form  of  a  black 
and  red  sand,  very  abundant.  (C.) 


Gypsum,  on  these  Isles,  10  m.  N.  E.  from  Michilimackinac, 
in  large,  detached  masses  on  the  soil ;  it  is  generally  folia- 
ted, and  mixed  with  scattered  masses  of 

Fibrous  Gypsum.  (C.)  Fibrous  gypsum  also  occurs  on  these 
Isles,  4  m.  from  Mackinaw,  in  a  vein  2  inches  thick,  and 
tolerably  handsome.  (Sil.  5.40.J  See  Goose  Island. 


NORTH  WEST  TERRITORY.  241 

ST.  MART'S  RIVER.     See  MICHILIMACKINAC. 

SUPERIOR  LAKE.  » 

Compact  Malachite,  at  the  extremity  of  the  great  Peninsula  of 
Keewiiweenon,  which  stretches  from  the  southern  shore  of 
the  Lake  towards  La  Baie  JVb/re,  and  is  ahout  225  m. 
from  Sault  St.  Marie.  This  ore  exists  in  a  vein  about  1 
fathom  in  width,  rising  with  a  broken,  hackly  surface  out  of 
the  water,  and  extends  in  a  direct  line  from  the  Lake  into 
the  interior.  (SU.  7.44. j 

Smoky  Quarts ^  at  Point  Keewiiweeuon,  (or  Keweena.)  in  a 
crystalline  mass,  associated  with 

Amethyst.  This  mass  separates  with  a  blow  of  the  hammer 
into  innumerable,  translucent,  dull  crystals,  deeply  striated 
across  the  lateral  plains,  and  sometimes  terminated  by 
smooth,  6  sided  pyramids.  The  colors  are  so  mingled  in 
some  pieces,  as  to  make  it  difficult  to  determine,  whether 
to  refer  them  to  smoky  quartz  or  amethyst. 

Chalcedony,  same  place,  imbedded  in  amygdaloid,  in  globu- 
lar masses,  from  the  size  of  an  ounce  ball  to  that  of  a  hen's 
egg.  Also  very  plentifully  along  the  shore,  more  or  less 
abraded. 

Agate,  with  the  preceding,  imbedded  or  detached.  They 
are  all  onyx  agates,  consisting  of  parallel  stripes  of  various- 
ly colored  chalcedony,  jasper,  hornstone,  or  quartz— in  size 
from  small  nodules  to  a  32  Ib.  shot. 

Mica,  in  the  granite  of  the  Porcupine  Mountain,  in  large  folia, 
of  a  silvery  and  pearly  pure.  (Sil.  7,48,  &  49.J 

Apophyllite,  in  fine  crystals  in  amygdaloid.  (Bigsby.) 


NORTH  WEST  TERRITORY. 


BOIS  BRULE  RIVER. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand  forms  a  stratum   1  foot  thick,  near  this 
river,  which  empties  into  Lake  Superior.  (C.) 

CHEGOIMEGON  POINT. 

Native  Copper,  80   m.  W.  from  the  Ontonagon,  in   a  mass 
31 


242  NORTH  WEST  TERRITORY. 

vvighing  28  Ibs.  has  been  found,  of  a  compact  texture,  mal- 
leable, and  not  alloyed  with  other  metals.  (C.) 

FALLS  OP   ST.  ANTHONY. 

Steatite,  (?  Indian  pipe  stone,)  at  these  falls,  color  red,  texture 
compact.  (C.) 

KEWEENA  POINT. 

Native  Copper,  at  the  Portage  across  the  Point,  from  the  size 
of  grains  to  that  of  masses  weighing  2  Ibs.,  is  disseminated 
in  rolled  pebbles.  (C.) 

ONTONAGON. 

Native  Copper,  about  30  m.  S.  from  Lake  Superior,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  river  Ontonagon,  a  very  large  mass  has 
been  found,  weighing,  by  estimation,  about  2200  Ibs.  It 
is  connected  with  serpentine,  in  which  small  masses  and 
grains  of  native  copper  are  disseminated ;  and  it  lies  near 
the  water's  edge,  at  the  foot  of  an  elevated  bank  of  alluvion. 
(C.)  A  mass  of  native  copper,  weighing  42  Ibs.  very  pure 
and  malleable,  and  containing  small  points  of 

Native  Silver,  was  obtained  from  the  waters  of  this  river. 
(Sil.  7.46.)  See  Superior  Lake. 

PRAIRIE  DU  CHIEN. 

Carnelians,  and 

Agates,  very  well  characterized,  on  the  alluvial  banks  of  the 
Mississippi,  at  Prairie  du  Chien.  (Sil.  5.39J 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  at  Prairie  du  Chien,  500  m.  above  St. 
Louis,  on  the  Mississippi,  where  it  is  worked  by  the  sava- 
ges. (Sck.)  Galena,  very  beautiful,  broad,  foliated,  like 
that  of  the  Missouri  mines,  occurs  7  m.  below  the  Ous- 
consin,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi.  The  mines 
lately  belonged  to  the  Sacs  and  Foxes.  (Sil.  5.40.) 

SUPERIOR  LAKE. 

Prase,  near  Grand  Isle,  on  this  Lake  ;  it  is  translucent,  and  of 

a  uniform,  light  leek  green. 
Chalcedony,  on  the  S.  side  .of  Lake  Superior,  near  Portage 

river ;  also 

Carnelian,  same  place.  (C.) 
Reddle,  a  very  fine  quality.     Indian  pipes  are  made  of  it, — 

-on  the  banks  of  Lake  Superior.  (Sil.  5.40.) 


243 


ILLINOIS. 


ALTON. 

Coal,  near.  (C.) 

BIG  MUDDY  RIVER. 

Native  Copper  has  been  observed  on  this  river.  (C.) 
Stone   Coal.     The  banks  of  this  river  afford  large  beds  of 
good  inflammable  stone  coal.  (Sch.) 

CAVE-IN-ROCK. 

Fluate  of  Liime  is  found  occasionally  on  the  soil  for  30  m. 
S.  W.  from  Cave-in-Rock,  on  the  Ohio.  It  occurs  mas- 
sive, or  in  cubes,  solitary  or  aggregated,  and  is  associated 
with  galena,  &tc.  in  alluvial  deposit,  or  in  veins  which  ap- 
pear to  traverse  compact  limestone,  and  calcareous  sand- 
stone. (C.)  This  mineral  occurs  at  a  lead  mine,  about  3 
m.  back  of  Cave-in-Rock,  on  the  Ohio  river,  about  15m. 
S.  of  Shawneetown,  Gallatin  Co.,  and  about  12  m.  from 
the  United  States  Saline,  on  Saline  river.  Its  colors  are 
very  beautiful,  of  various  shades  of  purple,  violet,  and  blue  ; 
some  specimens  entirely  limpid.  It  is  accompanied  by 

Sulphur et  of  Lead , 

Sulphuret  of  Iron, 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  &c.,  imbedded  in  a  stiff,  red  clay,  resting  on 

Secondary  JLimestone. 

Coal  has  been  found  in  the  same  neighbourhood. 

Precious  Opal ;  one  specimen  was  found  at  locality  of  fluor, 
where  is  found  also 

Madrepore,  and 

Calcareous  Spar.  (Sch.') 

CHICAGO. 

Coal  is  found  about  40  m.  S.  W.,  near  the  junction  of  Fox 

river,  with  the  Illinois.  (C.) 
Compact  Limestone,  containing  fossil  remains,  is  quarried  ia 

this  vicinity.  (SiL  4.289.) 


244  ILLINOIS. 

DES  PLAINES. 

Agatized  Wood.  A  petrified  tree  was  found  in  the  bed  of 
the  river  Des  Plaines,  about  40  rods  above  its  junction  with 
the  Kankakee,  imbedded  in  a  horizontal  position  in  a  stra- 
tum of  newer  floetz  sandstone,  of  a  grey  color,  and  close 
grain.  There  is  51|  feet  of  the  trunk  visible,  18  inches  in 
diameter  at  its  smallest  end,  and  probably  3  feet  at  the  oth- 
er end.  (Sil.  4.285.J 

EDWARDSVILLE. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  about  30  m.  N.  A  body  of  it  was 
discovered  during  the  late  war  by  a  militiaman.  (Sch.) 

GRAND  PIERRE  CREEK. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  at  the  3  forks  of  Grand  Pierre  Creek,  27  m. 

from  Shawneetown ;  occurs  on  the   surface  of  the  soil,  in 

masses,  which  are   sometimes  several   feet  in  diameter  ;  its 

colors  are  violet,  rose,  and  green. 
Brown  Oxide  of  Iron  occurs  at  the  3  forks,  in   considerable 

quantities.  (C.) 

MONROE  CO. 

Native  Copper,  in  detached  masses  ;  one  weighing  7  Ibs.  was 
found  in  the  Highlands  back  of  Harrison vi He.  (C.)  A  shaft 
was  sunk  40  feet  deep  in  1817  at  this  place,  in  search  of 
copper,  and 

Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  compact,  and  an 

Oxide  of  Copper,  were  found.  (ScA.) 


Fluate  of  Lime,  17m.  from  Shawneetown;  it  is  almost  al- 
ways in  crystals,  sometimes  several  inches  in  diameter,  pre- 
senting very  rich  and  beautiful  colors  :  though  sometimes 
limpid,  and  sometimes  nearly  black,  its  more  common  col- 
ors are  some  shade  of  violet,  purple,  red,  or  yellow.  The 
limpid  and  yellow  crystals  are  sometimes  invested  with  a 
thin  violet,  or  red  coat.  It  is  usually  phosphorescent  by 
heat,  excepting  when  nearly  black. 

Fetid  Fluate  of  Lime.  The  violet,  red,  and  yellow  crystals 
of  the  above,  are  often  fetid  by  percussion. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  same  place,  sometimes  in  cubes,  with  trun- 
cated angles. 


ILLINOIS.  245 

Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  same  place,  in  considerable  quantities, 
(C.) 

SALINE  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  12  m.  W.  from  Shawneetown,  on  this  river, 
is  a  spring  belonging  to  the  United  States,  and  yielding 
annually,  at  least  150,000  bushels  of  salt,  the  price  of 
which  at  the  works  is  70  cents  a  bushel.  (C.) 

SHAWNEETOWN. 

Fluate  of  Lime  occurs  on  the  Ohio  for  30  m.  S.  W.  from 
Cave-in-Rock,  on  the  soil,  massive,  and  in  cubes,  beautiful, 
and  very  abundant;  also  3  m.  back  of  Cave-in-Rock,  15 
m.  S.  of  this  place,  very  beautiful ;  also  at  the  3  forks  of 
the  Grand  Pierre  Creek,  27  m.  from  this,  in  large  masses ; 
also  on  Peter's  Creek,  17m.  from  this,  almost  always  in 
crystals,  very  beautiful  and  abundant,  some  of  which  is 
fetid  by  percussion.  (SiZ.  3.244. )  See  the  above  places 
in  italics.  Fluor  Spar  is  found  not  far  from  this  town,  on 
the  banks  of  the  Ohio,  and  a  few  rn.  below  where  the  Wa- 
bash  joins  the  Ohio.  It  forms  the  gangue  of  a  vein  of  the 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  which  has  a  broad,  foliated  fracture,  and 
a  high  degree  of  metallic  splendor.  Sometimes  the  galena 
and  fluor  are  intimately  blended. 

Quartz  Crystals  appear  to  abound  at  the  same  place,  besides 
various  other  minerals.  (Sil.  1.52.)  Loose1  masses  of  flu- 
or spar  have  been  found,  as  large  as  a  24  Ib.  shot,  of  a 
fine  violet  color,  and  the  surface  completely  covered  with 
cubical  crystals.  (Sil.  3.244.)  A  specimen  more  than  6 
inches  square  was  found,  on  which  were  deposited  between 
300  and  400  distinct  cubes  and  parallelepipeds,  some  of 
which  are  1  inch  in  diameter,  and  others  so  minute  as  to  be 
almost  microscopic,  of  a  deep  violet,  and  purple  color. 
The  locality  of  fluor  spar  of  this  region  is  the  most  re- 
markable that  has  been  observed  in  North  America,  and 
probably  one  of  the  most  interesting  in  the  world.  (Sil. 
3.367.J 

ST.  CLAIR  CO. 

Gypsum  occurs  in  this  county,  crystallized.  (C.) 
Jlgaric  Mineral  is  found  as  a  sediment  in  a  spring,  soft,  spon- 
gy, of  a  grey  color,  and  soiling  the  fingers ;  it  appears  t© 
be  a  pure  carbonate  of  lime.  (Sch.) 


246 


MISSOURI. 


Yellow  Quartz,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  in  rolled  mass- 
es, varying  from  pale  orange  yellow,  to  yellowish  red. 

Radiated  Quartz  is  found  near  the  lead  mines,  in  loose  mass- 
es in  the  soil. 

Pumice  is  said  to  float  down  the  Missouri ;  it  is  composed  of 
minute  globules,  or  spheroids,  usually  greyish  white,  some- 
times brown,  red,  or  black.  (C.)  This  supposed  pumice 
is  believed  to  be  from  the  beds  of  amygdaloid,  in  the  trap 
formation,  near  the  sources  of  the  Canadian  river  of  the 
Arkansa.  (A.  L.  JV.  H.  JV.  Y.  1.21.J  This  pumice  is 
undoubtedly  a  pseudo volcanic  production.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

Sulphuret  of  Jlntimony.  (C.) 

Basanite,  in  rolled  masses,  on  the  shores  of  the  Mississippi. 

Sulphuret  of  JLead.  The  most  important  locality  of  lead  ore, 
which  the  United  States,  or  the  world  contains,  is  furnished 
by  the  metalliferous  limestone  of  Missouri,  and  which 
breaks  out,  or  has  been  explored  at  various  places,  from 
the  banks  of  the  Askansa  river  to  Prairie  du  Chien,  on 
the  Mississippi,  a  distance,  in  a  direct  line  from  S.  to  N.,  of 
700  m.  The  number  of  mines  now  wrought  in  Missouri,  is 
45,  and  the  quantity  of  lead  annually  smelted,  is  estimated  at 
3,000,000  Ibs,  The  ore  yields,  on  assay,  82  per  cent,  of 
metallic  lead,  and  the  remainder  is  chiefly  sulphur.  It  is 
found  accompanied  by  sulphate  of  baryles,  calcareous  spar, 
quartz,  pyrites,  and  blende.  (C.)  &  (ScJt.)  See  Jefferson, 
Madison,  St.  Genevieve,  and  Washington  counties. 

Tabular  Quartz, 

Carnelian,  and  Carnelian  Agate. 

Opalized  Wood,  and 

Agatized  Wood,  are  found  dispersed  along  the  shores  of  the 
Mississippi ;  the  2  last  are  found  also  along  the  shores  of 
the  Missouri.  (Sch.) 

Sard,  in  rolled  pebbles  along  the  banks  of  the  Missouri,  and 
very  similar  to  those  from  the  East,  probably  the  Yellow 
Quartz,  mentioned  above. 

Lignite,  with  Agatized  Wood,  forming  a  continued  stratum, 


MISSOURI.  247 

commencing  a  few  miles  above  the  Arikaree  Village,  and 
continuing  to  the  confluence  of  Yellow  Stone  River,  com- 
monly from  150  to  200  feet  below  the  surface.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

BELLEVUE.   See  WASHINGTON  CO. 

BIG  RIVER.   See  ST.  GENEVIEVE  CO. 

BLUE  WATER  CREEK. 

Gypsum  is  found  on  this  creek.  (C.) 

BOONS  LICK. 

Muriate  of  Soda,  in  salt  springs  at  this  place.  (C) 

CAPE  GIRARDEAU  CO. 

Chalk,  in  great  abundance,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi, 
of  a  fine  quality,  and  in  considerable  quantities,  at  a  place 
called  the  Little  Chain  of  Rocks,  35  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Ohio,  for  a  £  of  a  m.  along  the  bank,  in  the  course  of 
which  several  pits  have  been  opened ;  also  directly  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  Big  Muddy  River.  (Sch.)  Naturalists 
who  have  recently  visited  this  country,  consider  this  sup- 
posed chalk  as  white  marl.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

Citrine,  or  fellow  Quartz,  water-worn  fragments  of  limpid 
quartz,  of  a  yellow  color,  and  possessing  a  high  lustre,  and 
great  hardness,  are  found  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi, 
at  various  places  between  Cape  Girardeau  and  St.  Louis. 
(ScA.)  Probably  sard.  See  Missouri. 

Flint,  imbedded  in  the  chalk,  in  nodules,  which  are  enveloped 
by  a  hard  crust  of  carbonate  of  lime,  arranged  in  concen- 
tric layers. 

Yellow  Earth,  near  the  chalk  banks,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Mississippi  river,  where  a  kind  of 

Red  Ochre  is  also  found. 

Hornstone,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  between  this 
and  St.  Louis,  in  globular  and  elliptical  masses,  in  secondary 
limestone ;  it  is  brown,  with  shades  of  yellow,  red,  blue,  or 
black,  and  sometimes  passes  into 

Chalcedony,  and  common  quartz.  It  may  be  particularly  no- 
ticed at  the  Grand  Tower,  2  m.  above  the  mouth  of  Big 
Muddy  River,  and  at  the  Hanging  Dog. 


248  MISSOURI. 

CAVE  CREEK. 

Stalactites,  in  caverns,  on  this  creek,  which  empties  into  Cur- 
rent's River,  pendent  from  the  roof,  and  sometimes  reach- 
ing the  floor.  (C.)  These  caves,  at  present  in  the  wilder- 
ness, are  about  80  m.  S.  W.  of  Potosi,  near  Ashley's 
Saltpetre  cave. 

Nitrate  of  Potash  is  found  in  the  earth  of  these  caves,  which 
are  now  dry;  and  efflorescent  on  the  rocks.  (.ScA.) 

Jasper,  in  the  bed  of  this  creek,  near  the  head  of  Current's 
River,  blue  and  white,  striped  in  a  stratum  in 

Secondary  Limestone,  (C.)  80  m.  S.  W.  of  Potosi.  (Sch.) 

DESMOINES  RIVER. 

Steatite,  (?  Indian  pipe  stone,)  red,  and  compact,  near  the  head 
of  the  River  Desmoines,  of  the  Mississippi. 


ESTABLISHMENT  CREEK. 

Chalcedony,    at  Establishment  Creek,   St.   Genevieve    Co.  ; 

it  is  bluish,  yellowish,  or  milk  white,  or  brownish  yellow, 

and  sometimes  spotted,  zoned,  or  dendritic. 
Hornstone,  8  rn.  from  St.  Genevieve,  on  the  soil,  with   chal- 

cedony, and 
tfgate,  whose  colors  are  arranged  in  concentric  lines.  (C.) 

FALLS  OF  ST.  ANTHONY.   See  ST.  ANTHONY^  FALLS. 
FLORISSANT. 

Cod.  (C.) 

FORT  MASON. 

Steatite,  near  Fort  Mason,  on   the  Mississippi,   whose   colors 
are  various  shades  of  yellow  and  green,  intermixed.  (Sch.) 

GASCONADE  RIVER. 

Compact  Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  the  head  of  the  river.  (C.) 
Nitrate  of  Potash,  several  caves  are  worked   on  this  river; 

and  there  are  few  caves  in  this  region  which  do  not  afford 

nitre. 
Suljphuret  of  Lead  is  found  on  this  river.  (Sch.) 


MISSOURI.  249 

HERCULANEUM. 

Chalcedony,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  at  this  place. 

Cornelian,  same  place,  &ic.  in  rolled  masses  ;  its  color  is  red 
of  different  shades,  sometimes  intermingled  with  honey  yel- 
low, or  exhibits  a  uniform  smoke  brown.  (C.) 

Tabular  Quartz,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  in  small, 
irregular  shaped,  detached  plates,  greyish  white,  from 
which  it  passes  into  bluish  white,  milk  white,  and  pale  yel- 
low. Some  specimens  possess  the  hardness  and  translu- 
cency  of  cacholong,  and  chalcedony,  to  which  it  seems 
nearly  allied  ;  abundant. 

Citrine,  or  Yellow  Quartz,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  of 
great  hardness,  and  high  lustre,  colors  from  a  light  orange 
yellow,  to  a  brandy  red.  (Sch.)  Both  these  articles  appear 
to  be  varieties  of  chalcedony.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

MAHA   VILLAGE. 

Chalk,  well  characterized,  occurs  on  the  banks  of  the  Missou- 
ri, near  this  village,  and  apparently  destitute  of  organic  re- 
mains. (T.  Nuttall.) 

JEFFERSON  CO. 

Potter's  Clay,  at  Gray's  mine,  snow  white,  unctuous,  adher- 
ing strongly  to  the  tongue,  and  becoming  plastic  in  water ; 
it  retains  its  whiteness,  and  is  infusible  in  a  high  heat.  (C.) 
This  locality  covers  a  considerable  area  of  ground  on  the 
banks  of  Big  River,  which  is  one  of  the  principal  tributa- 
ries of  the  Merrimack,  8  or  10  feet  from  the  surface.  (Sch.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  The  ore  is  found  in  alluvial  deposit  of 
stiff,  red  clay,  which  is  often  marly,  and  contains  numerous, 
detached  masses  of  quartz,  here  called  the  Blossom  of 
Lead.  This  alluvion,  which  varies  from  10  to  20  feet  in 
depth,  rests  on  limestone,  which  appears  to  belong  to  the 
transition  class.  This  galena,  which  has  usually  a  broad, 
foliated  structure,  and  a  very  high  lustre,  occurs  in  masses 
of  various  sizes,  in  veins,  and  beds,  and  is  most  abundant 
in  the  marly  clay.  It  is  associated  with 

Sulphuret  of  Barytes, 

Calcareous  Spar, 

Quartz,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc.  (C.)     See  Sulphuret  of  Lead,  under  Mis- 
32 


MISSOURI. 

souri.  The  mines  wrought  in  this  county  are  Gray's  mine, 
on  Big  River,  and  M'Kane's  mine,  on  Dry  Creek. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Salt  springs  are  found  within  a  few  m.  of 
the  sulphur  springs.  At  two  of  these  springs,  salt  is  manu- 
factured, but  the  works  are  small. 

Hornstone  is  strewed  in  detached  fragments  over  the  uplands. 

Sulphur.  A  spring  exists  in  this  Co.,  the  waters  of  which  are 
highly  charged  with  sulphur,  which  it  deposits  on  the 
stones  over  which  it  runs.  (Sch.) 

LAURENCE  CO. 

Marble,  in  the  tolls  of  this  county.  The  kind  that  is  most 
abundant  is  brick  colored,  with  brown  stripes,  (resembling 
the  Italian  Rosso  di  Monte  Catini )  The  next  is  a  plain, 
flesh  colored  marble.  (Rosso  di  Caldona.)  A  white  and 
black  marble  is  the  first  that  occurs  at  the  foot  of  the  ridges ; 
it  is  a  most  beautiful  variety,  (Nero,  y  Bianco  Jlntico.) 
Many  other  varieties  are  found  in  the  branches  of  the  creeks. 
The  kinds  first  mentioned  are  found  in  great  plenty.  The 
first  covers  more  than  50  m.  of  surface.  (Sil.  3.23.)  A 
stone,  resembling  granite,  although  it  is  no  granite,  is  found 
10  m.  S.  of  Batisses  ford,  St.  Francis  river,  on  the  road  from 
.Laurence  court  house  to  St.  Michael,  exceeding  in  beauty 
any  thing  of  the  kind,  composed  of  pure,  transparent,  pris- 
matic crystals,  of  the  size  of  grains  of  wheat,  cemented  with 
very  black  crystals  of  the  same  size  and  shape,  without  the 
appearance  of  any  other  mixture,  or  color.  The  quarry  is 
inexhaustible,  and  blocks  of  any  size,  from  one  to  a  thou- 
sand feet,  may  be  got,  precisely  alike  in  every  part. 

Sulphuret  of  Antimony,  not  far  from  the  above  place,  has  been 
found,  and  is  said  to  be  in  great  quantity.  Sil.  3.24.J 

Hornstone  is  strewed  in  detached  fragments  over  the  uplands 
of  Lawrence  Co.  (Sc/i.) 

MADANSBURGtt. 

Muriate  of  Soda.     Salt  springs  occur  here.  (C.) 

MADISON   CO. 

Graphite,  near  mine  La  Motte,  &c. 

Micaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  at  the  Narrows,  near  the  St.  Fran- 
cis, in  a  vein  traversing  red  granite.  (C.)  This  locality  is 


MISSOURI.  251 

on  the  banks  of  the  river  St.  Francis,  4  m.  S.  of  the  exten- 
sive lead  mines  of  La  Motte.  The  vein  of  this  ore  is  sev- 
eral feet  wide.  (Sch.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  Mine  La  Motte,  within  2  m,  of  St. 
Michaels,  on  the  head  waters  of  the  river  St.  Francois, — 
one  of  the  oldest  mines  in  the  state,  and  the  only  one  now 
wrought  in  this  county, — discovered  in  1720;  it  is  very 
extensive.  ( C.)  &i  (Sch.)  See  Missouri. 

Hornstone,  strewed  in  detached   fragments  over  the  uplands. 

Schorl,  imbedded  in  certain  granitic  aggregates  in  this  Co., 
in  ill  defined  crystals. 

Feldspar,  in  crystals,  imbedded  in  greenstone,  on  the  banks 
of  the  river  St  Francis,  at  a  place  called  the  Narrows, — 
color,  a  flesh  red,  graduating  into  green  on  the  edges.  (Sch.) 

OSAGE  RIVER. 

Coal,  on  this  river.  (C.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  this  river.  (Sch.) 

PEPIN  LAKE. 

Carnelian,  near  Lake  Pepin,  on  the  Mississippi ;  it  is  often 
associated  with 

Common  Chalcedony, 

Cacholong,  &c.{C.)  Carnelian  is  very  abundant  on  the  shores 
of  this  lake  ;  (Sepin  ?)  and  it  may  be  traced  below  Prarie 
du  Chien,  and  even  as  low  as  St.  Genevieve.  In  descend- 
ing the  Mississippi  it  is  constantly  met  with  in  the  alluvial 
soil.  Many  of  these  specimens  may  be  considered  as 

Sardonyx.  (Sil.  3.215.) 

POTOSI.     See  WASHINGTON  co, 

SANDY  LAKE, 

Carnelian,  near,  at  the  head  of  the  Mississippi ;  it  is  often  as- 
sociated with 

Common  Chalcedony, 

Cacholong,  &ic.  (C.)  This  is  a  good  locality  of  carnelian,  and 
it  is  found  around  the  shores  of  the  numerous  little  lakes  iw 
this  region.  (Sil.  3.215.) 


MISSOURI. 


Steatite,  near,  on  the  Mississippi,  red,  and  of  a  compact  tex- 
ture, employed  by  the  natives  for  bowls  of  tobacco  pipes. 
(C.)  Is  this  steatite  ? 

Camel  ian  is  sparingly  found  at  the  foot  of  the  Falls.  (Sil. 
3.215.) 

ST.  FRANCIS   RIVER. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  this  river,  (bch,) 

ST.   GENEVIEVE  CO. 

Granular  Quartz,  8  m.  from  St.  Genevieve  Co.,  snow  white, 
friable,  and  falls  into  transparent  grains.  (C.)  This  is  on  the 
road  to  Potosi,  of  a  beautiful  appearance,  resembling  refin- 
ed sugar.  It  occurs  in  several  caves  near  tlie  road,  whose 
sides  are  entirely  composed  of  it.  It  is  suitable  for  making 
the  best  flint  glass.  (S'cA.) 

Chalcedony,  on  Establishment  Creek;  it  is  bluish,  yellowish, 
or  milk  white,  or  brownish  yellow,  and  sometimes  spotted, 
zoned,  or  dendritic. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead.  (C.)  See  Sulphuret  of  Lead  under  Mis- 
souri. The  lead  mines  now  wrought  in  this  Co.,  are  Mine 
a  Joe,  on  Flat  River,  Bryan's  mines,  at  Hazle  Run,  and 
Dogget's  mine,  Hazle  Run. 

Citrine,  or  Yellow  Quartz,  near,  in  water-worn  fragments, 
possessing  a  high  lustre,  and  great  hardness,  color,  from  a 
light  orange  yellow  to  a  brandy  red.  Chalcedony,  on  the 
W.  of  Establishment  Creek,  is  seen  passing  into  the 

Onyx  Agate.     See  Sard,  Missouri. 

Hornstone  is  scattered,  in  detached  fragments,  over  the  up- 
lands of  this  Co. 

Jasper,  along  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  between  St.  Gene- 
vieve and  St.  Louis,  in  rolled  masses,  colors  bottle  green, 
striped,  &c. 

Opalized  Wood,  small  pieces  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram, 
accompanied  by  the  common 

Agatized  Wood,  of  the  Missouri,  by  yellow  quartz,  and    by 
chalcedony,  are  distributed  very  plentifully  alona;  the  shores 
of  the  Mississippi,  between  St.  Genevieve  and  St.  Louis. 
Graphite  is  found  in  small  quantity  on  Big  River. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  The  principal  works  for  the  manufacture 
of  salt  in  this  state,  are  seated  at  St.  Genevieve,  and  Boons 
Lick. 


MISSOURI.  253 

fuller's  Earth.  The  great  field  of  St.  Genevieve,  where  it 
forms  the  bank  of  the  river,  contains  some  very  fine  strata 
of  Fuller's  earth,  observable  only  at  a  low  stage  of  the  wa- 
ter. (Sch.) 

ST.  LOUIS. 

Hornstone,  on   the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  between  this- 
and  Cape  Girardeau,  in   globular  and  elliptical    masses,  in 
Secondary  JLimestone, — brown,  with  shades  of  yellow,  red, 
blue,  or  black,  and  sometimes  passes  into 

Flint, 

Chalcedony,  and  common  quartz. 

JLgatized  Wood,  near,  on  the  banks  of  the  Missouri  and  Mis- 
sissippi. 

Jasper,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  between  this  and  St. 
Genevieve,  in  rolled  masses ;  colors  bottle  green,  striped, 
&c.  (C.) 

Citrine,  or  Yellow  Quartz,  in  water-worn,  limpid  fragments, 
of  a  high  lustre,  and  great  hardness,  are  found  at  this  place, 
and  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi,  at  various  places  be- 
tween this  and  Cape  Girardeau,  color  varies  from  a  light 
orange  yellow  to  a  brandy  red.  Hornstone  may  be  partic- 
ularly observed  at  ihe  Grand  tower,  2  m.  above  the  mouth 
of  Big  Muddy  River  ;  also  at  the  Hanging  Dog,  and  it  is 
found  in  detached  fragments  scattered  over  the  uplands  of 
St.  Louis  Co.  It  is  also  found  in  irregular,  rounded  mass- 
es, imbedded  in 

Secondary  Limestone,  at  Choteau's  mills  near  St.  Louis. 
Opalized  Wood,  accompanied  by  the  common  agatized  wood 
of  the  Missouri,  by  yellow  quartz,  by  chalcedony,  in  small 
pieces,  in  the  form  of  a  parellelograrn,  are  distributed  very 
plentifully  along  the  shores  of  the  Mississippi,  between  this 
and  St.  Genevieve.  (Sch.) 


Steatite,  red,  and  of  a  compact  texture,  abundant  between  this 
and  Soux  River;  (C.)  also  near  the  head  of  St.  Peter's, 
and  Pipe-Stone  Rivers  of  the  Missouri.  (&ch.)  (?) 

Native  Copper,  in  rounded  pieces,  near  the  mouth  of  this  riv- 
er, which  empties  into  the  Mississippi ;  it  is  frequently  cov- 
ered with  a  coating  of  the 

Green  Oxide  of  Copper,  and  is  disseminated  among  limestone 
rocks.  (SiL  5.39.) 


MISSOURI. 

STRAWBERRY  RIVER. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  Strawberry  River.  (Sch.) 

TYAWAPETY  BOTTOM. 

Flint,  at  the  head  of  Tyawapety  Bottom,  about  35  or  40  ra. 
above  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  with  the  Mississippi,  in  no- 
dules, and  veins  or  strata,  embraced  in  a  horizontal  bed  of 
white  clay,  and  so  arranged  as  to  form  with  it  an  angle  of 
about  50°.  The  bed  of  clay  rests  on  siliceous  sandstone, 
and  is  covered  by 

Shell  Limestone. 

Potter's  Clay,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  commenc- 
ing near  the  head  of  Tyawapety  Bottom,  about  40  m.  above 
the  junction  of  the  Ohio,  and  extending  for  34  m.  to  nearly 
6  m.  below  the  Grand  Tower  rock.  It  is  snow  white,  pul- 
verulent, has  a  fine  texture,  smooth  to  the  touch,  and  ad- 
heres strongly  to  the  tongue.  This  extensive  bed  of  clay, 
from  1  to  10  feet  in  thickness,  rests  upon  a  horizontal 
stratum  of  sandstone,  is  covered  by  shell  limestone,  and 
contains  flint  in  nodules,  veins,  or  strata.  (C.) 

WASHINGTON  CO. 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  white,  or  honey  yellow,  transparent  mass- 
es, in  a  red,  marly  clay. 

Ferruginous  Quarts,  at  Mine  a  Burton,  in  deep  red,  opaque, 
rolled  masses,  having  a  strong,  vitreous  lustre. 

Chalcedony,  at  the  lead  mines,  in  concentric  layers,  usually 
i)luish  white,  and  sometimes  invested  with  crystals  of  quartz. 

Reddle,  dark  red,  forming  abed  of  considerable  extent. 

JVLicaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  Bellevue,  micaceous  iron  forms  a 
.ridge  from  500  to  600  feet  high,  and  |  a  m.  long;  it  is  in 
shining  laminae,  and  sometimes  associated  with 

3led  Oxide  of  Iron,  and  quartz. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  an  alluvial  deposit  of  stiff,  red  clay, 
which  is  often  marly,  and  contains  numerous,  detached 
masses  of  quartz,  here  called  the  Blossom  of  Lead.  This  al- 
luvion, from  10  to  "20  feet  thick,  rests  on  limestone,  of  the 
transition  class.  (C.)  There  are  39  lead  mines  in  this 
county,  the  principal  of  which  are  Mine  a  Burton,  Burton 
township.  New  Diggings,  Burton's  township,  Mine 
.Shibboleth,  Union  township,  and  Lebaum's  mine,  whida 


ARKANSAS.  255 

is  in  the  tovrnship  of  Richwoods.     See  Sulphuret  of  Lead, 
under  Missouri. 

Nitrate  of  Potash  ;  3  salt  petre  caves  are  worked  in  this  Co. 
on  the  Merrimack. 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  forming  the  matrix  of  the  lead  ore  at 
Mine  a  Burton,  Mine  Shibboleth,  Old  mines,  and  the  nu- 
merous other  mines  in  this  Co.  Sometimes  it  is  found  de- 
tached from  any  ores,  and  the  quantity  found  at  Potosi 
alone,  is  sufficient,  probably,  for  the  supply  of  the  whole 
world.  It  is  generally  found  in  compact,  or  tabular  masses, 
very  white,  heavy,  and  glistening.  Sometimes  it  is  crest- 
ed, columnar,  prismatic,  or  lamellar,  and  frequently  the 
surfaces  of  the  crystals  are  yellow,  from  an  ochrey  oxide  of 
iron. 

Alum.  There  is  a  cave  in  Bellevue,  which  yields  alum  ;  it  is 
found  effloresced. 

Radiated  Quartz  is  common  at  the  lead  mines  of  this  state  ; — 
more  abundant  in  this  Co.,  where  it  is  called  Mineral  Blos- 
som. 

Hornstone  in  detached  fragments,  is  scattered  over  the  up- 
lands of  this  Co. 

Yellow  Earth  is  frequently  met   with  in  digging  for  lead  ore. 

Graphite  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  in  a  very  large  body, 
12  m.  S.  of  Potosi. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  Mine  a  Burton,  New  Diggings,  Old  mines, 
and  Renault's  mines,  sometimes  in  handsome  cubes,  or  lam- 
ellar masses,  and  sometimes  interspersed  with  the 

Sulphuret  of  Zinc ,  he^vy  spar,  and  galena. 

Oxide  of  Manganese*  6  days'  journey  S.  W.  of  Potosi,  (40  m. 
E  )  in  a  large  body,  near  the  head  of  Merrimack  river. 
(Sch.) 


ARKANSAS. 


Muriate  of  Soda,  near  the  northern  sources  of  the  Arkansas 
river  ;  this  salt  forms  incrustations  of  considerable  thick- 
ness and  solidity,  on  the  soil  of  plains  and  prairies.  See 


256  ARKANSAS. 

Fort  Osage.     Salt  springs  exist  both  on  this  river  and  the 

Wachitta. 
Gypsum,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River ;  sulphate  of 

lime,  often  crystallized,  and  transparent,  is   associated  with 

red  clay. 
.Anthracite,  on  the  N.  side  of  Arkansas  River,  500  m.  from  its 

mouth;  anthracite,  of  good  quality,  forms  a  large  bed,  (C.) 
The  forerneutioned  bed  consists  of 

Bituminous  Coal,  nearly  opposite  to  the  north  of  Grand  Riv- 
er of  Arkansas.  (T.  Nuttall.) 
Iron  Sand,   on   the  banks  of  the    Arkansas,  near  where    the 

main  road   to  Red  River  crosses,  in  an   aggregated  from, 

dark  brown. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  the  Arkansas  River.  (Sch.) 

BEAR  CREEK. 

Flint,  near  the  head  of  Bear  Creek,  which  empties  into  White 
River,  in  yellowish  brown  nodules.  (C.)  This  flint  is 
found  900  rn.  above  the  junction  of  the  White  River  with 
the  Mississippi.  (Sch.)  in  all  probability  Hornstone.  (T. 
Nuttall.) 

CLARK  co.     See  HOT  SPRINGS. 

COVE  OF  WACHITTA. 

This  place  is  formed  by  a  circular  mountain,  shaped  like  a 
horse-shoe,  and  the  mountain  consists  of 

Sparry  Iron  Stone,  and 

Heavy  Spar.  This  mountain  encloses  an  area  of  9  m.  of  sur- 
face, which  faces  on  the  Wachitta  River,  15  m.  below  the 
Hot  Springs.  (SU.  3.26. J 

Native  Magnet,  or  Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  the  Wachitta, 
possessing  strong  magnetic  powers.  (C.) 

Sulphate  of  Soda  on  the  Wachitta,  is  a  stone,  which  on  burn- 
ing, and  exposure  to  the  air,  yields  a  substance,  of  the  na- 
ture of  Glauber's  salts. 

Mica,  common  in  the  transition  rocks  of  this  region. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  of  a  brass  yellow  color,  in  cubes. 

Iron  Ores,  very  abundant.  The  loadstone  is  represented  to 
be  in  great  quantity. 

Sulphate  of  Copper,  and 

Sulphate  of  Zinc,  (bulphuret  of  Zinc  I)  are  found  at  the 
Cove.  (Sch.) 


ARKANSAS.  257 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Six  m.  below  the  Cove  is  a  salt  work,  at 
which  much  salt  is  manufactured,  and  sold  for$l  a  bushel* 
The  water  yields  one  fifteenth  of  salt.  There  are  salt 
springs  on  the  Arkansas  that  yield  one  sixth  of  salt. 

Alum  24  m.  from  the  Cove  ;  between  that  and  the  Arkansas, 
100  m.  to  the  left  of  the  road,  after  crossing  the  third  fork 
of  the  Saline  river,  and  immediately  on  its  banks,  there  is 
an  acclivity  leading  to  a  perpendicular  wall  of  about  100 
feet  in  height ;  this  is  composed  of  a  black 

Aluminous  Slate,  rather  inclining  in  its  position.  The  observ- 
er, on  removing  a  few  of  the  loose  slates  under  his  feet, 
•will  discover  the  upper  surface  of  many  thousand  tons  of 
alum.  It  is  the  kind  called  Feather  Mum,  or  Plumose  Al- 
um 

Buhrstone.  On  the  hills  surrounding  the  Cove,  there  are  some 
siliceous  stones,  among  the  Spathose  iron  stone,  and  the 
fibrous,  and  compact  heavy  spar,  with  which  the  French 
burr  mUlstones  are  made  ;  and  they  are  pronounced  by- 
good  judges  to  be  of  superior  quality.  This  valley,  or  cove, 
affords  all  kinds  of  earth  of  the  very  best  quality  for  every 
kind  of  furnaces  and  crucibles,  for  glass  manufactories,  and 
iron  foundries. 

Petuntze,  or 

Kaolin,  of  a  very  superior  quality  for  porcelain  is  found  here. 
Materials  for  glass  are  equally  good  and  plenty. 

Sulphate  of  Iron  is  found  here  in  abundance. 

Native  Copper,  one  piece,  size  and  shape  of  an  ear  of  corn, 
was  found  here.  (Sil.  3.26,  to  28.) 

FINDLEY'S  FORK. 

Stalactites,  in  a  cavern,  on  Findley's  Fork  ;  also 
Alabaster,  in  masses  sufficiently  large  and  compact,  to  be  em- 
ployed in  the  arts.  (C.)  This  Cave  is  very  large,  on  Find- 
ley's  Fork,  one  of  the  tributaries  of  White  River.  The  sta- 
lactites are  in  enormous  columns,  and  the  floor  of  the  Cave 
is  covered  by  stalagmites,  'from  the  size  of  a  pea  to  many 
tons  weight.  (Sch.) 

FORT  OSAGE. 

Muriate  of  Soda.     It  is  said  that  an  extensive   plain  280  m. 
S.  W.  from  this  fort,  presents  in  dry,  hot  weather,  an  in- 
23 


258  ARKANSAS. 

crustation  of  clean,   white  salt,   from   two  to  six  inches 

thick. 

Gypsum,  ad 
Red  day,  were  also  observed  in  the  vicinity,  in  strata.  (C.) 

FOURCHE  a  COURTOIS. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  of  a  brass  yellow  color,  has  been  found 
on  this  stream,  which  is  tributary  to  the  Merrimack.  (Sch.) 

GRAND   RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Several  import-ant  salt  springs  occur  near 
the  banks  of  the  river,  about  50  m.  from  its  confluence  with 
the  Arkansas,  from  which  salt  has  for  several  years  been 
manufactured. 

Compact,  or  Mountain  Limestone  with  shell,  is  the  rock  which 
borders  this  river  on  either  side,  and  contains 

Hornstone,  in  nodules.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

HOT  SPRINGS  OF  WACHITTA. 

These  springs,  which  are  interesting,  both  on  account  of  the 
heat  of  their  waters,  and  the  variety  of  minerals  found  in 
their  vicinity,  are  situated  on  Hot  Spring  Creek,  a  branch 
of  the  Ouachitta,  or  Wachitta  River,  (called  by  some  Wash- 
itaw,)  which  empties  into  Red  River.  They  are  6  m.  W. 
of  the  main  road  from  Cadron  to  Mount  Prairie,  on  Red 
River,  in  Clark  County.  (Sch.)  Here  are  about  30  springs, 
and  the  heat  of  the  water  is  192°  of  Fahrenheit.  They  is- 
sue out  of  a  bed  of 

Fibrous  Heavy  Spar.  (SiL  3.29.) 

Limpid  Quarts,  at  the  Hot  Springs,  in  very  fine,  perfect, 
transparent  prisms. 

Novaculite,  3  m.  above  the  Hot  Springs,  occurs  of  good  qual- 
ity, and  often  unusually  translucent.  (C.) 

Common  Quartz,  in  veins  from  1  to  8  or  10  feet  wide,  in  the 
argillaceous  rock  formation,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  Hot 
Springs. 

Mica,  at  the  Hot  Springs,  in  small,  extremely  flexible  laminae, 
of  a  greenish  yellow  color.  (Sch.)  Mica,  in  fine  crystals, 
occurs  near  here  in  a  ferruginous  trap.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

JAMES  RIVER. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  James  River,  20  m.  above  its  junction 


ARKANSAS.  259 

with  Findley  River.     The  Osage  Indians  smelt  the  ore  and 
obtain  bullets.  (C.) 

JEFFERSON  LAKE. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Near  the  Arkansas  River,  above  the  Cove 
of  Wachitta,  this  Lake  is  situated,  and  its  outlet  is  naviga- 
ble for  boats.  The  water  of  this  Lake  is  a  saturated  solu- 
tion of  salt,  and  it  is  of  a  bright  red,  taking  its  color  from 
red  clay,  (and  not  from  cinnabar,)  which  is  very  plenty  on 
the  Canadian.  Large  blocks  of  rock  salt,  of  the  same  col- 
or, are  found  in  the  crevices  of  the  mountains  eastward  of 
these  Lakes.  There  are  3  in  a  range  ;  their  beds  are  a 
solid  mass  of  muriate  of  soda.  (Sil.  3.27.) 

LAWRENCE  CO. 

Hematitic  Brown  Oxide  of  /row,  5   m.  N.  from   Strawberry 

river;  it  occurs  stalaclical,  reniform,  &c. 
Oxide  of  Manganese,  associated  with  ores  of  iron.  (C.)     The 

hematite  occurs  along  with 
Cellular  Pyrites,  and 
Argillaceous  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  the  main  road  leading  through 

Lawrence  Co.     The  locality  of  the  oxide  of  manganese  is 

on  the   dividing  ridge  of  land,  between  Spring  River,  and 

the  River  Eleven-points.  (Sch.) 

LITTLE  MISSOURI. 

Sulphate  of  Lime.  About  150  m.  up  the  Little  Missouri,  which 
is  a  fork  of  the  Wachitta,  there  are  inexhaustible  quar- 
ries of  sulphate  of  lime,  of  several  varieties.  (Sil.  3.26.) 

MINERAL  FORK. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  of  a  brass  yellow  color,  on  this  Fork,  which 
empties  into  the  Merrimack.  (Sch.) 

PAWNEE  MOUNTAINS. 

Native  Muriate  of  Soda,  rock  salt.  The  hunters  and  Indians 
agree  in  reporting  that  rock  salt  actually  exists  in  what  they 
call  the  Pawnee  mountains,  near  the  Arkansas,  which  is  white 
and  clear  like  alum,  and  that  the  Pawnee  and  Osage  In- 
dians were  in  the  habit  of  procuring  their  salt  from  that 
spot.  (Sch.) 


260  ARKANSAS. 

WACHITTA  RIVER. 

Muriate  of  Soda.  The  principal  works  for  the  manufacture 
of  salt  in  this  Territory  are  situated  on  the  Arkansas  and 
Wachitta  rivers.  (Sch.)  The  Wachitta,  80  m.  below  the 
Hot  Springs,  affords,  in  a  place  called  the  Cove,  five  points 
of  hills,  where  the  very  richest 

Magnetic  Iron  Ore  is  gathered  in  enormous  heaps  ;  it  yields 
the  best  of  iron. 

Cellular  Brownish  Red  Ore  which  occurs  in  very  large  bo- 
dies, is  likewise  found  in  this  Cove,  and  in  many  other  pla- 
ces, particularly  on  the  N.  side  of  the  mouth  of  Little  Mis- 
souri, (a  fork  of  Wachitta.) 

Sulphate  of  Lime  is  found  in  the  Cove,  within  200  yards  of 
the  magnetic  iron  ore.  Above  the  ore,  and  not  100  yards 
off,  is  an  extensive  bed  of 

Common  Talc,  (Mica  ?)  the  leaves  are  of  an  extraordinary 
size,  not  less  than  5  inches  by  7.  (SiL  3.26.) 

WHITE  OAK  BAYOU. 

Limpid  Quartz,  crystallized,  on  the  banks  of  the  Arkansa,* 
about  I  m.  below  this  rivulet,  in  a  vein  of  quartz  about  1 
foot  wide,  traversing  a  fine-grained,  siliceous  sandstone ; 
these  crystals  are  scattered  over  with  round  masses,  or  im- 
perfect crystals  of  a  white  and  diaphanous 

Ta/c,  collected  into  radii,  each  plate  forming  the  segment 
of  a  circle. 

Sulphur et  of  Iron,  in  cubes. 

Magnetic  Iron  Sand,  abundant  in  the  rocks,  and  scattered 
along  the  strand  of  the  river.  It  was  pretended  that  Silver 
Ore  had  been  found  here.  (Nuttall,  107,  &  10cS.) 

WHITE  RIVER. 

Agate,  on  the  highlands  S.  of  White  River,  and  about  300  m. 

W.  of  the  Mississippi. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  on  the  White  River,  within  100  m.  of  its 

source,  attached  to  rock  in  cubical  crystals,  and  is  reported 

to  exist  in  quantity. 
Sulphuret  of  Lead,  on  White  River.  (Sch.) 

*  The  territory  and   river  are  usually  spelled  Arkansa,  and  the  town 
Arkansas,    T.  N. 


BRITISH  PROVINCES, 


NOVA  SCOTIA. 


CAPE  BLOW-ME-DOWN. 

Amethyst,  in  greenstone,  opposite  Patridge  Island.  (C.) 

CAPE  BRETON  ISLAND. 

Coal  is  found  at  Sidney  of  good  quality,  and  is  much  used  at 
Halifax  and  St.  John's.  (C.) 

CAPE  DORE. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (C.) 

NEWPORT. 

Gypsum.  Near  Newport  are  extensive  and  important  quarries 
of  sulphate  of  lime  presenting  all  its  varieties,  and  is  some- 
times associated  with 

Selenite,  which  forms  small,  foliated,  cylindrical  masses  in  the 
gypsum.  It  is  often  connected  with 

Shell  Ldmestone. 

Oxide  of  Manganese.  (C.) 

PATRIDGE  ISLAND. 

Amethyst,  near  Parsborough,  often  in  geodes,  in  columnar 
greenstone,  which  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  island  presents 
a  precipice,  nearly  200  feet  high. 

Chalcedony,  same  place,  in  greenstone. 


262  NEW  BRUNSWICK. 

Jasper,  on  this  island,  sometimes  very  beautiful. 
rfgate,  in  greenstone,  usually  forming  geodes.  (C.) 

SPENCER'S  ISLAND. 
Reddle  occurs  on  the  banks  of  this  island.  (C.) 

WINDSOR. 

Gypsum;  near  this  place  are  extensive  and  important  quar- 
ries of  gypsum.  It  here  presents  all  its  varieties,  and  is 
sometimes  associated  with 

Selenite.  (C.) 


NEW  BRUNSWICK. 


CUMBERLAND  BAY. 

Goal  occurs  near  the  head  of  this  bay.  (C.) 

MARTINS  HEAD. 

Gypsum,  50  m.  E.  from  St.  John's ;  it  is  associated  with  a 
puddingstone,  or  conglomerate,  with  that  variety  of  sand- 
stone employed  for  grindstones,  and  with  a  red  clay.  (C.) 

NEGRO   HEAD. 

Amianthus,  7  m.  from  St.  John's,  abundant,  and  is  sometimes 
employed  by  sailors  for  wicks  in  their  binnacle  lamps.  (C.) 


Coal  is  found  at  Grand  Lake  near  this  river.  (C.) 

Q,UACOW. 

Oxide  oj  Manganese,  at  this  place,  about  30  m.   from   St. 
John's,  of  good  quality,  and  abundant.  (C.) 


263 


LOWER  CANADA. 


BATISCAN. 

Iron  Sand,  granular,  in  great  quantities.  ($il.  8.15.) 
Meadow  Iron  Ore,  strewn  on  the  ground  in  marshes  and 

woods. 
Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  8.16.) 

BEAUFORT. 

Fetid  Transition  Limestone,  between  Quebec  and  Montmo- 
rency,  in  regular,  and  nearly  horizontal  strata ;  it  is  black 
and  employed  as  building  stone  or  burnt  to  lime.  (C.) 

CAPE  DIAMOND. 

Fluate  of  Lime,  near  Quebec,  it  occurs  in 
Fetid  Limestone,  with  quartz   and  acicular  carbonate  of  lime. 
Limpid  Quartz,  in  crystals,  sometimes  perfect,  occurs  in 
Clay  Slate.  (C.) 

Coal,  in  minute  seams,  jet  black,  in  black  transition  lime- 
stone, (Ail.  8.14.) 

CAPE  EAGLE.   See  MALBAY. 
CAPE  TOURMENT. 

Schorl  (Sil.  8.61.) 

Mica,  in  plates   1   foot  in  diameter,   in   porphyritic  granite. 

(Sil.  8  68.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  white,  in  veins  in  the  gneiss.    (bil.  8.70.) 
Scaly  Graphite,  at   the  fort,  in  bowlders  of  white  feldspar, 

disseminated  in  small  crusts  or  scales.  (Sil.  8.74.) 

GASPE  DISTRICT. 

Carnelian,  450  m.  below  Quebec,  in  rolled  masses,  white, 
red,  yellow,  brown  ;  color  uniform  or  in  clouds ;  transpa- 
rency and  lustre  excellent.  (Citrine,  Yellow  Quartz,  men- 
tioned under  Missouri  as  being  found  along  the  banks  of 
the  Mississippi,  is  undoubtedly  the  same  mineral.) 

Fortification  Agate,  in  pebbles  on  the  sea  shore.  ( Sil.  8.64. ) 

LA.  CHINE.      SEE  MONTREAL. 


264  LOWER  CANADA. 

LA  PRAIRIE. 

Common  Augite,  in  the  trap  around  this  village,  in  aciculai 
crystals.  (Sil.  8.70.; 

MALBAY. 

Hornblende,  and 

Garnet,  in  granite  along  the  eastern  shore  of  the  bay.  (Sil. 
5.215.;  Towards  Cape  Eagle  the  garnets  are  so  abundant 
as  to  form  the  greater  part  of  the  rock  for  several  hundred 
yards.  They  are  obscurely  crystallized  or  massive,  some- 
times 8  inches  in  diameter,  in  a  coarse,  black,  mica  slate. 
(SU.  5.217.; 

Calcareous  Spar,  a  transverse  vein  in  gneiss,  mottled,  white, 
green,  and  red,  18  inches  thick,  and  intersected  obliquely 
by  a  vein  of  white  quartz  (3  inches  thick,  at  the  Riviere  des 
Trots  Saumons,  9  m.  below  Malbay.  (Sil.  5.218.) 

Schorl,  ('il.  8.6 \.) 

Precious  Garnets,  90  m.  below  Quebec,  where  they  form  rock 
masses,  in  closely  aggregated  crystals,  sometimes  8  inches 
in  diameter.  (Sil.  8.62.; 

MONTMORENCY  FALLS. 

Yellow  Sulphuret  of  Zinc,  in  imbedded  crystalline  masses, 
and  in  nodules,  each  weighing  some  ounces,  in  the  Shell 
Limestone  of  the  Falls,  beautiful  specimens,  coated  with 
white  quartz,  about  7  m.  below  Quebec.  (Sil.  8.76.; 

Ammonite,  a  small  kind  occurs  here,  deeply  striated,  and  in- 
vested with  nacre,  or  spathose  substance,  (Sil.  8.84.) 

MONTREAL. 

fetid  Transition  Limestone,  near,  compact  in  horizonal  stra- 
ta, and  contains  organic  remains ;  it  is  black  and  employed 
as  a  building  stone,  or  burnt  to  lime. 

Jlugite,  imbedded  in  a  hornblende  rock,  which  forms  the  sum- 
mit of  a  mountain  near ;  the  crystals  are  sometimes  green- 
ish black  eight  sided  prisms,  about  half  an  inch  long. 

Hornblende,  on  the  summit  of  a  mountain  near,  in  large  mass- 
es, either  pure,  or  forming  an  aggregate  with  quartz  ;  the 
base  of  the  mountain  is  limestone.  (C.) 

Epidote,  in  trap,  in  druses  of  acicular  crystals.  It  fe  of  uni- 
versal occurrence  in  the  gneiss  and  granite  of  Canada. 
(Sil.  8.62.; 

Zeolite,  white,  fibrous,  in   the  druses  of  the  trap  mountain  of 


LOWER  CANADA.  265 

of  Montreal,  associated  with   tables  of  Feldspar, 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  and 

Chabasie.  (*M.  8.65.J 

Basaltic  Hornblende,  in  Montreal  mountain,  in  a  compact  trap  ; 
the  terminations  project  and  display  the  four  trapezoidal 
faces,  corresponding  to  four  of  the  latteral  planes,  as  is 
common  in  this  mineral.  (Sil.  8.  68.J 

Common  Jlugite,  imbedded  in  the  trap  of  Montreal  mountain. 

Caccolite,  on  the  shores  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  green,  in  round- 
ed grains,  in  white, 

Calcareous  Spar,  rolled. 

Marble  occurs  in  the  neighborhood  of  Berthier,  40  m.  N.  E. 
from  Montreal,  white,  highly  crystalline,  and  often  contains 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  minutely  disseminated. 

Fibrous  Arragonite  at  La  Chine,  8  m.  W.  from  Montreal,  in 
veins  one  inch  thick  composed  of  two  tables,  one  of  which 
is  white  and  slightly  translucent,  the  other  is  white,  hyaline, 
with  high  translucency,  in 

Compact  Secondary  Limestone,  which  forms  a  horizontal  gir- 
dle around  the  trap  mountain  of  Montreal,  its  upper  strata 
brown  and  crystalline,  but  black,  compact,  and  slaty  be- 
Jow,  containing  organic  remains  in  immense  quantities. 
(Sil.  8.70.) 

Fluate  of  Lime,  in  the  secondary  limestone  filling  fissures  in 
the  calcareo-quartzose  veins  common  at  the  foot  of  the 
mountain  ;  purple  and  massive.  (Sil.  8.72.) 

J\lagnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  in  the  trap  of  Montreal  mountain,  in 
small  quantity.  (Sil.  S.75.J 

Yellow  Blende,  fine  specimens  coated  with  white  quartz,  in 
imbedded  crystalline  masses,  and  in  nodules,  each  weigh- 
ing some  ounces,  in  limestone.  (Sil.  8.76.J 

QUEBEC. 

Rock  Crystal,  in  the  fissures  and  cavities  of  the  Limestone,  in- 
extraordinary  quantities,  and  of  great  brilliance.  They  are 
generally  superimposed  latterally,  or  terminally,  seldom  im- 
bedded, usually  in  perfect  prisms,  often  flattened,  and  fre- 
quently the  prisrn  disappears,  leaving  a  dodecahedron,  col- 
orless or  dark  smoke,  brown,  and  in  rare  instances  contain 
a  drop  of  pale,  bituminous  liquid.  (Sil.  8.63.^ 

Coal,  in  minute  seams,  jet  black,  in   the   cliffs  of  the  Grand 
Battery,  in  black  transition  limestone.  (Sil.  8.74.) 
34 


266  UPPER  CANADA. 


Brown  Coccolite  is  found  at  the  Bay  of  St.  Paul,  below  Que- 
bec, (a) 

Fluate  of  Lime,  60  m.  below  Quebec,  in  the  ravine  of  the 
stream  which  turns  the  seignioral  mill,  disseminated  plenti- 
fully in  green  crystalline  masses,  in 

White  Marble,  which  is  a  thin  layer  in 

Compact  Blue  Limestone,  alternating  with  gneiss.   (Sil.  $.11.) 

Magnetic  Iron  Ore.  Granular  masses  occur  in  the  gneiss  of 
this  Bay.  (Sil.  8.75.) 

Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  8.76.) 

THREE  RIVERS. 

Meadow  Iron  Ore,  strewn  on   the  ground  in   marshes  and 

woods. 
Bog  Iron  Ore.  (Sil.  8.76.J 


UPPER  CANADA. 


CROW  LAKE. 

Common  Actynolite,  30   m.  N.  from  Lake  Ontario,  in  the- 

township  of  Marmora.    (Sil.  8.68.J 

Variegated  Copper  Pyrites,  in  abundance  among  the  beds  of 
Magnetic  Iron  Ore,  in  the  township  of  Marmora.     The  py- 
rites has  a  purple   tarnish.      (Sil.  8.76.J     The  magnetic 
iron  ore  is  fine  granular,  sometimes  in  groups  of  large  oc- 
tahedrons, 30  m.  N.  from  Lake  Ontario.  (Sil.  8.15.) 


Ammonite  ;  casts  are  plentiful  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Island. 
(SU.  8.84.) 

EAST  LAKE. 

Jasper,  in  the  East  Lake,  on  the  height  of  land  between  Lake 
Superior  and  Hudson's  Bay,  about  70  m.  from  the  Grand 
Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  considerable  deposits  in  trap, 
marbled  in  a  beautiful  manner  with  green  and  red.  (Sil. 
8,64.) 


UPPER  CANADA.  267 

Foliated  Galena,  in  the  limestone  of  the  river  Ouse,  of  the 
N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  (Sil.  8.76.) 

ENCAMPMENT  DOUCE.       See  LAKE  HURON. 
FORT  WELLINGTON. 

Anthophyllite,  well  characterized  in  a  large  rolled  aggregate  of 

Crystallized  Quartz. 

Calcareous  Spar,  and  Apatite.  (Sil.  8.69.J 

Coccolite.  (Sil.  8.70.) 

Apatite,  in  a  rolled  aggregate  of  quartz,  anthophyllite,  and 
calcareous  spar,  in  6  sided  prisms,  from  £  to  i  of  an  inch 
in  diameter,  usually  short,  confusedly  aggregated.  (Sil. 
8.71.) 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  foliated,  in  large  rolled  lumps  in  the  allu- 
vion or  diluvion  of  Fort  Wellington.  (Sil.  S.76.J 

Ammonite,  very  abundant  in  the  brown  limestone  near  the 
Fort,  and  at  the  head  of  Lake  St.  Francis. 

GRAND  CALUMET.       See  OTTAWA  RIVER. 
GUN  FLINT  LAKE. 

Jasper,  red  with  rusty  brown  spots,  on  the  N.  shore,  in  trap, 
in  considerable  quantities,  about  70  m.  from  the  Grand 
Portage  of  Lake  Superior,  towards  Hudson's  Bay.  (Sil. 
8.64.) 

Glassy  Feldspar,  in  greenstone  porphyry  in  6  sided  prisms ; 
also,  equiangular,  sometimes  1|  inches  long  and  1  inch  di- 
ameter. (Sil.  8.65.) 

HAWKSBURY.       See  OTTAWA  RIVER. 


Selenite  is  found  abundantly  in  large,  transparent  masses  in  the 
Limestone  of  this  Bay,  which  is  horizontal.  (Sil.  8.71.) 

KINGSTON. 

Compact  Limestone,  brown  and  blue,  without  shells,  and 
Tremolite,  abounding  in  the  above  limestone.  (Sil.  3.266 .) 
Labrador  Feldspar,  solitary  masses  may   be  found   on  the  N. 

shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  (Sil.  8.67.J 
Sulphate  of  Strontian,  foliated  in  rounded,  imbedded  masses, 


268  UPPER  CANADA. 

from  1  to  6  miles  (inches?)  in  diameter,  in  horizontal 
azoophitic  limestone,  2  m.  N.  E.  from  Kingston,  on  the 
shore  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  white,  faintly  translucent,  and 
in  large  crystalline  facets,  very  abundant.  (Sti.  8.72.)  Fi- 
brous sulphate  of  strontian,  of  a  white,  or  sky  blue  color  is 
imbedded  in  the  limestone,  in  balls  from  1  to  12  inches  in 
diameter,  solitarily,  or  forming  a  confused  aggregate  with 
white  calcareous  spar,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes.  (SiL  8.73.) 

Graphite,  granular,  in  considerable  quantities,  on  a  creek,  3 
m.  E.  of  Kington.  (Sil.  8.74.) 

Foliated  Galena,  abundant  in  the  gneiss  and  granite  in  the 
rear  of  Kingston.  (Sil.  8.76.J 

LACROIX  RIVER. 

Staurotide,  in  Lacroix  River,  (or  Nay  may  can)  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Lacroix,  which  is  N.  W.  of  the  Grand  Portage,  on 
Lake  Superior,  in  gneiss,  in  the  second  Portage  from  the 
Lake,  frequently  1  inch  long  and  |  of  an  inch  broad  ;  abun- 
dant, and  in  excellent  condition.  (Sil.  8.63J 

LAKE  CHAT.       See  OTTAWA  RIVER. 
LAKE  ERIE. 

Fibrous  Gypsum,  in  limestone,  on  the  River  Ouse,  which  en- 
ters Lake  Erie  on  the  N.  shore.  (Sil.  8.71.) 

Bitumen,  impregnating  the 

Fetid  Brown  Limestone,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  (Sil. 
8.74.) 

LAKE   HURON. 

Hornblende,  nearly  pure  in  the  greenstone  formation  of  an 
island  in  the  N.  W.  of  Lake  Huron. 

Ligneous  Asbeslus,  in  thin  veins  traversing  the  foregoing  rock 
for  some  yards. 

Quartz,  in  the  above  rock,  in  vertical  veins  6  inches  in  diam- 
eter, containing  cavities  lined  with  hexahedral  prisms  of 
great  size. 

Yellow  Quartz  Crystals,  in  concave  portions  of  the  above 
rock,  in  round  congeries  of  a  brilliant  honey  yellow. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  a  thready  vein  3  yards  long  dipping  ob- 
liquely into  the  rock. 


UPPER  CANADA.  269 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  the  same  rock. 

Pyritous  Copper,  in  the  bluff  at  the  lower  end  of  the  Nar- 
rows, in  a  seam  of  quartz  in  greenstone,  massive  and  in  oc- 
tahedral crystals.  (bil  3.260.) 

Red  Quartzose  Prisms,  brilliant  and  well  formed  in  the  fis- 
sures of  a  quartz  rock  near  the  rapids  formed  by  two  islets. 

Jasper,  red  and  brown,  in  nodules,  mingled  with  round  peb- 
bles of  white  and  black  quartz,  forming  a  conglomerate,  in 
blocks,  at  Encampment  Douce,  and  along  the  N.  W.  por- 
tion of  Lake  Huron. 

Hematite,  black  and  brown  in  small  portions,  and 

Quartz  Crystallized,  in  the  rock  of  Encampment  Douce. 
(Stt.  3.262.) 

Schorl,  N.  E.  coast  of  Lake  Huron,  in  two  distant  places. 
(Sil.  8.61.) 

Epidote,  in  the  rolled  amygdaloids  frequent  in  this  lake,  stel- 
lated, radiated,  and  acicular.  It  is  of  universal  occurrence 
in  the  gneiss  and  granite  of  Canada.  (Sil.  8.62.) 

Precious  Garnet,  in  gneiss  and  mica  slate,  very  abundant. 
(Sil.  8.62.) 

Rock  Crystals,  in  transition  greenstone.  (SU.  8.63.) 

Fortification  Jlgate,  imbedded  in  rolled  masses  of  amygda- 
loid. 

Striped  Jasper,  N.  W.  of  Lake  Huron,  as  nodules  in  transi- 
tion quartz  rocks,  grain  fine,  color  good,  red,  brown,  yel- 
low, green,  white,  black.  Common  jasper  is  present  with 
the  striped  variety.  (Sil.  8.64.) 

Aventurine  Feldspar,  N.  E.  shore,  20  m.  E.  of  French 
River.  It  is  a  pale  flesh  red  feldspar,  largely  crystallized, 
and  forming  a  part  of  a  vein  of  porphyritic  granite  of  great 
size,  traversing  gneiss.  It  is  almost  every  where  full  of 
brilliant  golden  points,  which  sparkle  with  increased  force, 
if  held  in  particular  ligh's. 

Glassy  Feldspar,  in  greenstone  porphyry,  in  splendent,  trans- 
parent, imbedded,  4  sided  prisms,  of  a  pale  wine  yellow 
color.  (Sit.  8.65.) 

Labrador  Feldspar,  on  the  N.  E.  coast  of  the  lake,  60  m. 
W.  from  Penetanguishine,  a  British  naval  station,  and  90 
rn.  E.  from  the  French  River,  in  rock  masses,  constituting 
the  islands  and  main  of  this  intricate  country.  It  has  a 
remarkable  lustre  and  transparency,  the  feldspar  constituting 
nearly  the  whole  mass  ;  but  it  always  contains  slender 


270  UPPER  CANADA. 

strings  of  greenish   hornblende,  without  any   particular  di- 
rection, and  some  small  but  brilliant 

Garnets.  A  vein  of  massive  garnet  was  observed  1  foot 
thick,  in  an  isle  3  m.  from  the  Labrador  feldspar.  '  This 
feldspar  is  of  a  greenish,  bluish,  and  hyaline  grey,  in  facets 
usually  about  i  an  inch  in  diameter,  but  often  much  larger. 
The  iridescence  is  purple,  green,  and  rarely  flame  colored, 
and  is  only  observed  in  a  few  solitary  spots  until  dipped 
in  water,  or  polished,  when  it  overspreads  nearly  the  whole 
mass.  Bowlders  of  Labrador  feldspar  are  scattered  over 
an  extensive  range  of  country.  (Sil.  8.67.) 

Mica,  in  plates  1  fool  in  diameter  on  the  N.  E.  shore,  50  m. 
E.  of  French  River. 

Chlorite  Earth,  coarse,  earthy,  soft,  fissile,  slightly  slaty,  and 
contains 

Octahedral  Crystals  of  Iron  Ore,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes,  near  Sagamuc  River.  Chlo- 
rite earth  is  found  in  gneiss  3  m.  N.  from  the  Giant's 
Tomb,  on  a  barren  islet. 

Common  Serpentine,  rolled. 

Ligneous  Asbestus,  N.  W.  coast  of  the  Lake,  in  veins  travers- 
ing transition  greenstone. 

Basaltic  Hornblende,  in  a  compact  trap.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

Fibrous  Gypsum,  near  Cabot's  Head,  in  Lake  Huron. 

Selenite,  on  the  Great  Manitouline,  in  this  Lake,  in  nodular 
geodes,  whose  sides  are  brown  limestone,  wholly  occupied 
by 

Favosite.     The  same  geode  sometimes  contains  radiated 

Celestim.  (Sil.  8.11.) 

Bitumen  impregnating  the 

Fetid  Limestone,  N.  W.  of  Lake  Huron.  (Sil.  8.74.J 

Copper  Pyrites,  disseminated  in  gneiss  on  the  N.  E.  coast, 
and  imbedded  in  a  vein  of  quartz  traversing  greenstone  at 
the  foot  of  the  narrows  of  Pelletau  in  the  N.  W.  of  this 
lake.  It  occurs  in  amorphous  masses  in  various  parts  of 
Lake  Huron,  (toil.  8.75.J 

Foliated  Galenfy  imbedded  in  the  transition  quarts  of  La 
Cloche,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  in  thready  veins 
in  the  transition  greenstone  of  the  N.  W.  main  of  this 
lake.  (Sil.  8.76.J 

.Ammonite,  very  abundant,  on  the  isles  of  the  N.  shore.   (Sil. 
&.S4.J 


UPPER  CANADA.  271 


LAKE   ONTARIO. 

Milky  Quartz,  in  the  outlet  of  this  lake  4  m.  below  Kingston, 
in  large  strata,  subordinate  and  conformable  to  gneiss,  and 
in  the  calcareous  pudding-stone  covering  it.  (Sil.  8.63.J 

Marble,  in  bowlders  along  the  N.  shore  of  the  lake,  derived 
perhaps  from  Marmora,  up  the  river  Trent,  where  this  rock 
exists,  white,  highly  crystalline,  and  often  contains 

Sulphuret  of  JLead,  minutely  disseminated.  (Sil.  8.70.) 

Muriate  of  Soda.  Springs  of  this  salt  have  been  discovered 
along  the  whole  north  shore  of  JLake  Ontario.  (Sil.  S.73.J 

Ammonite,  abundant.  (Sil.  8.84.) 

LAKE   SI3ICOE. 

Common  Serpentine.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

Fibrous  Sulphate  of  Strontidn,  in  druses,  in  the  brown  fine- 
grained limestone  of  the  Narrows  of  Lake  Simcoe,  towards 
the  River  Severn,  which  discharges  into  Lake  Huron,  on 
white  calcareous  spar  and  Quartz  Crystals.  (Sil,  8.73.) 

Ammonite,  abundant.  (Sil.  8.84.) 

LAKE   SUPERIOR. 

Precious  Garnet,  in  gneiss  and  mica  slate,  rare  in  this  lake 
and  in  the  countries  immediately  north.  (SiL  8.62.) 

Amethyst,  on  the  N.  shore  of  this  lake,  and  in  the  adjacent 
islands  in  six  sided  prisms  of  good  color,  in  druses,  and 
geodes  of  amygdaloid. 

Rock  Crystal,  in  amygdaloid,  &ic. 

Radiated  Quartz,  at  Point  Marmoaze,  in  amygdaloid,  nearly 
filling  a  geode  with  imperfect  crystals,  radiating  in  a  Stella- 
lar  form  from  three  centres.  (Sil.  8.63.) 

Chalcedony,  near  Gravel  Point,  in  clay  porphyry,  in  veins. 
At  Points  Gargantua  and  Marmoaze,  and  in  the  district  of 
Mammelles,  in  this  lake,  as  botryoidal  coatings  to  druses 
in  amygdaloid. 

Carnelian,  in  the  amygdaloid,  and  its  accompanying  conglom- 
erate. Its  usual  color  is  .delicate  red. 

fortification  Agate,  in  the  porphyry,  and  plentiful,  large  and 
fine,  in  the  amygdaloid. 

Pitchstone,  in  Michipicoton  Bay,  in  large  rolled  masses,  ren- 
dered porphyritic  in  parts  by  Glassy  Feldspar.  It  is  jet 
black.  The  fixed  rock  of  the  locality  is  greenstone ;  but 


272  UPPER  CANADA. 

those  of  the  opposite  (southern)  shore  of  the  Bay  are  amyg- 
daloid and  sandstone. 

Fibrous  Prehnite,  at  Point  Marmoaze,  as  small  mammillary 
coatings  on  druses,  and  in  amorphous  masses.  Also  in 
the  Pay  Plat  of  this  lake,  of  a  fine  color. 

Radiated  Zeolite,  at  Gargantua,  brownish  red,  imbedded  in 
trap,  without  the  intervention  of  any  other  mineral ;  and 
bright  flesh  red  in  masses  of  Calcareous  Spar  ;  the  radiating 
fibres  passing  at  the  circumference  insensibly  into  calcare- 
ous spar.  It  is  very  handsome,  and  is  almost  identical  with 
the  Italian  zeolite.  Also  at  Point  Mormoaze  in  amygda- 
loid, colors  brownish  red,  bright  flesh  red,  and  green.  (Sil, 
8.64.) 

Stilbite,  in  the  amygdaloid  of  the  north  shore  of  this  lake.  It 
is  red,  indistinctly  crystallized,  incrusting  nodules  of  calca- 
reous spar  and  lining  druses.  It  occurs  likewise  in  the 
conglomerate,  interstratified  with  the  amygdaloid.  (Sil. 
8.65.) 

Glassy  Feldspar,  in  pitchstone  porphyry,  in  splendent,  trans- 
parent, imbedded  4  sided  prisms,  of  a  pale  wine  yellow  col- 
or. (SU.  8  65.J 

Green  Earth,  in  amygdaloid,  in  coatings,  and  disseminated. 
(Sil.  8.68.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  abundant,  in  the  sienite  and  greenstone. 

Satin  Spar,  in  the  amygdaloid  at  Point  Marmoaze,  in  veins 
from  j  to  1  inch  thick,  vertical,  running  obliquely  to  the 
stratification,  several  in  company,  nearly  parallel,  and  ram- 
ifying rectangularly.  These  veins  consist  of  two  tables, 
separated  by  a  rift  in  the  middle,  white,  occasionally  with 
a  slight  tinge  of  red.  Also  in  the  Pay  Plat,  and  in  the 
trap  of  the  Outard  Cliff  overlooking  the  lake  of  that  name, 
N.  of  Lake  Superior.  (Sil.  8.70.)  " 

Finale  of  Lime,  plentiful  in  the  sienite  of  the  north  mainland, 
opposite  Peck  Island,  and  likewise  6  m.  E.  of  the  Written 
Rocks,  filling  fissures,  purple,  translucent,  crystalline,  and 
separated  from  the  sides  of  the  cleft  by  a  film  of  while,  cal- 
careous spar.  Also  in  amygdaloidal  trap,  on  calcareous  spar, 
3  m.  E.  of  Point  Gargantua,  purple  and  green.  It  is  abun- 
dant, lining  fissures,  together  with  the 

Sulphate  of  Barytes,  which  appears  to  be  the  grey,  straight, 
lamellar  sulphate,  in  the  porphyry  of  the  large  and  lofty 
island,  8  in.  E.  of  Gravelly  Point,  and  63  m.  E.from  Fort 


UPPER  CANADA.  273 

William.  The  fluor  is  here  green,  and  highly  translucent, 
sometimes  in  handsome  groups  of  well  defined  octahedral 
crystals.  (Sil.  8.72.) 

Copper  Pyrites  is  not  uncommon,  (but  always  in  small  quan- 
tity,) in  the  druses  of  prehnite,  zeolite,  and  calcareous  spar, 
so  common  in  the  amygdaloid  of  the  north  shore.  At 
Point  Perquaquia,  on  the  N.  side  of  Michipicoton  Bay,  it 
exists  in  a  vein  of  quartz  in  greenstone.  (Sil.  8.75.) 

LAKE  OF  THE  THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 

Schorl ,  in  this  lake,  below  Kingston.  (Sil.  8.6 1.) 

LAKE  OF  THE  WOODS. 

Chlorite  Earth,  a  vein  in  greenstone,  from  9  to    12  inches 

thick,  containing 
Octahedral  Iron,  and 
Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

MARMORA.       See  CROW  LAKE. 
MICHILIMACKINAC. 

Compact  Limestone,  in  the  N.  W.  half  of  the  long  side  of  th« 

Island,  containing  a  few  blue  and  white  striped 
Flints,  which  are  broken,  small  and  angular.  (Sil.  3.268.) 

NIAGARA  FALLS. 

Fibrous  Sulphate  of  Strontian,  drusy,  in  the  limestone  of  the 
chasm  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara.  (Sil.  8.13.) 

Sulphur,  in  yellow  pulverulent  efflorescences,  and  in  tufts  of 
minute  capillary  crystals,  coats  the  moist,  calcareous  shale, 
at  the  foot  of  the  horse-shoe  fall  of  Niagara,  and  within 
the  curtain  of  falling  water.  (Sil.  8.74.) 

Foliated  Galena  occurs  sparingly  in  the  limestone  of  the 
Falls.  (Sil.  8.76.; 

Yellow  Blende,  in  imbedded,  crystalline  masses,  in  the  lime- 
stone of  the  Falls,  beautiful,  coated  with  white  quartz. 
(Sil.  8.76.J 

OTTAWA  RIVER. 

Axinitt  is  said  to  have  been  found  high  up  this  river,  or  Iro- 
quois.   (C.)     This   locality  is  at  Hawksbury,  on  this  river, 
60  m.  N.  W.  from  Montreal,  lining  a  drusy  cavity,  in  a 
35 


274  UPPER  CANADA, 

rolled  primitive  mass,  in  finely  characterized,  though  rath- 
er small,  rhomboidal,  opaque,  4  sided  tables,  (toil.  8  62.J 
Mica,  at  the  Portage  of  the  Grand  Calumet,  200  m.  from 
Montreal,  in  what  is  supposed  to  be  Dolomite,  subordinate 
to  Primitive  While  Marble,  in  6  sided  tables  a  foot  in  di- 
ameter. (Sil.  8.67.) 

Common  Serpentine,  at  Greenville,  on  the  Ottawa,  65  m. 
N.  W.  from  Montreal,  and  at  Gananoque,  20  m.  below 
Kingston,  in  large  and  small  irregular  masses,  in  a  calcare- 
ous cement.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

Sahlite,  at  Hawksbury,  a  very  large  rolled  mass  intermixed 
with  quartz,  and  containing  imbedded 

Silica-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium. 

Calcareous  Spar  is  found  at  the  Grand  Calumet,  in 

Primitive  Marble.  The  calcareous  spar  occurs  in  sky  blue, 
transparent  masses,  with  striae  indicative  of  a  cleavage  par- 
ellel  to  the  diagonal  of  its  rhomb. 

Marble  occurs  on  the  W.  branch  of  the  Ottawa,  leading  to- 
wards Lake  Nipissing  450  m.  N.  W.  from  Montreal.  Also 
at  Lake  Chat  on  the  Ottawa,  and  the  parts  of  this  river 
about  the  Portages  de  la  Montagne  and  Grand  Calumet,  in 
all  these  instances  subordinate  to  gneiss.  Jt  is  every  where 
white,  highly  crystalline,  and  often  contains 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  minutely  disseminated.  (Sil.  8.70.) 

Sulphate  of  Strontian,  in  horizontal  limestone,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Ottawa,  near  the  head  of  the  Long  Sault,  60 
m.  from  Montreal,  in  small,  oblique,  4  sided  prisms,  su- 
perimposed on  white  calcareous  spar,  sky  blue,  transpa- 
rent, and  with  brokrn  acuminations.  (Sil.  8.72.J 

Scaly  Graphite,  in  the  township  of  Hawksbury,  in  large  bowl- 
ders of  translucent  quartz,  disseminated  in  small  crusts  or 
scales.  (Sil.  8.74.; 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron  abounds  near  the  Falls  of  the  Chau- 
diere.  (Sil.  8.15.) 

Specular  Iron  Ore,  at  Hawksbury,  coating  granitic  bowlders, 
in  amorphous  masses. 

Silico-Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  a  rolled  aggregate, 
many  tons  in  weight,  of  white  crystalline  quartz  and  sah- 
lite,  imbedded  in  the  quartz,  in  oblique  tetrahedral  prisms. 
a.  8.76.) 

POINT  MARMOAZE.       See  LAKE  SUPERIOR. 


UPPER  CANADA.  275 

PRESCOT. 

Apatite,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  light  blue,  6  sided  prisms, 
sometimes  truncated  on  the  terminal  edges,  in  white  lime- 
stone. (C.) 

RAINY  LAKE. 

Beryl,  230  m.  N.  from  Lake  Superior,  imbedded  in  a  por- 
phyritic  granite,  in  which  a  brown  feldspar  is  predominant, 
the  mica  being  black  and  scanty,  on  the  E.  side  of  the 
lake.  (Sil.  8.61.; 

Staurotide,  in  gneiss,  in  extremely  small,  very  oblique  4  sided, 
and  in  6  sided  prisms,  and  in  twin  crystals,  abundant. 
(Sti.  8.62.) 

Chlorite  Earth,  slightly  slaty,  containing 

Octahedral  Crystals  of  Iron  Ore,  and 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  cubes.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

TEO.       See  THOUSAND   ISLANDS. 
THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 

Schorl,  in  the  Island  of  Teo,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  in  very 
large,  imperfect  crystals  in  granite.  (C.)  Schorl  abounds 
in  the  puddingstone  of  these  Islands,  interposed  between 
gneiss  and  the  horizontal  limestone.  The  most  remarka- 
ble locality  is  on  Yeo's  Island,  near  the  upper  end  of  Tar 
Island,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  the  English  Channel.  On 
the  S.  W  portion  of  Yeo  Island,  on  the  face  of  a  shelving 
mound  of  bleached,  close  grained  granite,  is  situated  the 
bed  of  schorl,  12  paces  in  diameter,  and  nearly  circular. 
The  schorl  is  intermixed  in  shapeless  masses,  of  from  1  to 
3  feet  in  diameter,  with  white,  translucent  quartz,  opaque, 
cream  colored  feldspar,  and  greenish  yellow  mica.  Schorl 
is  met  with  in  other  parts  of  the  island,  in  6  sided  prisms, 
of  4  and  8  inches  in  length,  imbedded  in  veins  of  quartz 
and  feldspar,  coarsely  mixed  in  gneiss.  (Sil.  8.62.J 

YEO.       See  THOUSAND  ISLANDS. 
YONGE. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  a  vein  1|  foot  thick,  in  primitive  quartz, 
at  the  bottom  of  a  round  cavity  about  12  feet  in  diameter, 
in  a  mound  of  quartz  in  the  woods  -J  a  m.  N.  from  the  high 
road  from  Montreal  to  Kingston,  and  10  m.  above  Brock- 


276  LABRADOR. 

ville.  The  sides  of  the  cavity  are  studded  with  iron  py- 
rites, and  profusely  invested  by  a  yellow  and  white  efflo- 
rescence, and  by  acicular  crystals,  of  an  aluminous  salt. 
Octahedral  Crystals  of  pyrites  nearly  2  inches  in  diameter 
have  been  obtained  here.  (Sil.  8.75.) 

YORK. 

Glassy  Actynolite,  in  a  rolled  aggregate  of  Petalite,  quartz, 

Tremolite,  and  calcareous  spar.  The  actynolite  forms  a  very 
handsome  group  of  crystals,  of  a  fine  green  color,  cement- 
ed together  by  lamellar  carbonate  of  lime.  (Sil.  8.68.) 

Glassy  Tremolite,  in  while, glassy,  short,  and  indistinct,  di- 
verging fibres,  dispersed  among  the  petalite,  minutely,  and 
in  large  masses. 

Petalite.  This  rare  mineral,  not  hitherlo  found  on  this  con- 
tinent, occurs  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  on  the 
beach  in  front  of  York,  a  few  yards  to  the  right  of  the 
wharf,  used  by  the  steam  boat  Frontenac.  It  is  a  rolled 
mass  weighing  about  a  ton,  and  has  much  glassy  tremolite 
interspersed,  and  two  large  veins  of  irregular  shape,  of  an 
aggregate  of  actynolite  and  calcareous  spar.  Close  to  this 
bowlder  lies  one  still  larger  of  the 

Ophrcalce  family  from  Grenvitle,  or  Gananoque,  and  strewn 
around  are  some 

Labrador  Feldspar. 

Crystalline  Quarts,  in  nodules,  in  the  clayey  alluvion. 

Clay,  grey  and  blue,  now  and  then  alternating  with  horizon- 
tal bands  of  Ferruginous  Sand,  constituting  the  "  Burling- 
ton Heights"  and  the  very  picturesque  cliffs  of  the  "  York 
Highlands,"  300  feet  high.  (Sil.  8.69.) 


LABRADOR. 


Labrador  Feldspar.  Labrador  stone  was  discovered  by  thft 
Moravians  in  the  Island  of  St.  Paul,  on  the  coast  of  Labra- 
dor, where  it  exists  in  considerable  quantities,  its  princi- 
pal color  is  smoke  grey,  which  passes  into  ash  and  yellow- 


LABRADOR.  277 

ish  grey.    It  exhibits,  when  held  in  a  determinate  position,  a 
great  variety  of  colors,  as  blue,  green,  yellow,  red,  and  brown. 

Labrador  Hornblende  is  found  in  the  island  of  St.  Paul,  on 
the  coast  of  Labrador  ;  it  occurs  massive,  disseminated  and 
in  rolled  pieces,  in  large,  coarse,  small,  and  sometimes 
thin,  lamellar,  distinct  concretions.  (Jameson's  Mineralogy, 
1S04.J  It  commonly  presents,  in  certain  lights,  the  lustre 
of  polished  copper. 

Opalescent  Feldspar,  or  Labrador  feldspar,  was  first  found  on 
the  Island  of  St.  Paul,  in  rounded  fragments  of  sienite,  with 
hypersthene  and  magnetic  iron. 

Hypersthene  was  first  observed  here,  and  hence  received  the 
name  of  Labrador  hornblende.  It  occurs  as  an  ingredient 
of  a  rock,  in  which  it  is  associated  with  opalescent  feldspar, 
and  sometimes  with  hornblende  and  rnsgnetic  iron.  (C.) 

Latrobite,  on  Amitock  Island,  near  the  coast  of  Labrador.  It 
occurs  massive  and  crystallized,  of  a  pale  pink  red  color, 
accompanied  by  mica,  and  carbonate  of  lime,  and  imbed- 
ded in  a  greyish  colored  substance.  (Phillips'  Mineralogy. 
3d  Ed.  1823J 

Green  Feldspar,  or  Amazon  stone,  same  place.  (Latrobe.) 

Smoky  Quartz. 

Cryolite,  snow  white,  and  ferruginous,  imbedded  in  gneiss. 

Jlvanturine  Feldspar.  This  curious  property,  or  spangling 
appearance,  purple  or  brassy,  is  found  in  some  of  the  opa- 
lescent pebbles. 

Hornblende,  associated  with,  and  resembling  hypersthene. 

Smaragdite,  abounding  in  quartz. 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Titaniferous  Oxide  of  Iron. 

Octahedrite,  in  a  talcose  slate.  (T.  Nuttall.) 


AN 


APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING  LOCALITIES,  WHICH  WERE  RECEIVED  TOO  LATE 
TO  BE  INSERTED  IN  THEIR  PROPER  PLACES.  TflEY  ARE 
ARRANGED  IN  THE  SAME  ORDER,  AS  IN  THE  BODY  OF  THE 

WORK. 

MAINE. 


BATH. 

Quartz,  finely  crystallized,  and 

Magnetic  Oxide  of  Iron,  on  Arousie  island.    (Prof.  Cleave- 

land.) 

BRUNSWICK. 
Silico-  Calcareous   Oxide   of  Titanium,    in    an   aggregate   of 

quartz  and  hornblende.  (Prof.  Cleaveland.) 
Fibrolite,  (or  Cummingtonite,)  in   brittle,   radiating  fibres  in 

gneiss,  at  Basin  Falls,  near  the  locality  of  oxide  of  molyb- 

dena.  ( T.  Nuttall.) 

COLUMBIA. 

Amianthus.  (Prof.  Cleaveland.) 

EXETER. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  with  quartz.  (Prof.  Cleaveland.) 

LETTER  E. 

Made,  in  argillite. 

Sulphate  of  Iron,  in  thick  crusts.  (Prof.  Cleaveland.) 

PARIS. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  associated  with  quartz. 

Smoky    Quartz,   crystals    occasionally   containing    drops   of 

moveable  fluid. 

Rose  Quartz,  extremely  beautiful. 
Pseudomorphous  Steatite,   supposed   to   be  pinite,  presenting 

the  form  of  the  tourmaline. 
Basalt,  in  veins  of  columnar  masses  from  1  to  2  feet  wide, 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.  279 

traversing  many  of  the  granite  ledges  in  this  vicinity  in  a 
northerly  and  southerly  direction. 

Oxide  of  Tungsten,  forming  yellow  stains  over  other  minerals. 

Ferruginous  Tungsten.  A  very  fine  and  large  crystal  was 
found  by  Dr.  Holmes.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

Feldspar,  passing  into 

Mularia,  of  a  blueish  color. 

Phosphate  of  Iron,  in  a  swamp  adhering  to  the  surfaces  of  the 
rock,  in  mammillary  formations,  and  also  loose  in  the  soil, 
in  small,  globular  masses,  that  break  easily,  and  exhibit  a 
fine  blue  color. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  in  strata  of  gneiss,  accompanied  with 

Mctynolite,  and 

Hornblende. 

Quartz  Crystallized,  abundant.  Transparent  quartz,  imbed- 
ded in  a  beautiful  white  feldspar,  forming  superb  speci- 
mens of  Graphic  Granite. 

Chalcedony,  of  a  milky  appearance,  and  adhering  to  the  sur- 
face of  quartz. 

Hornstone,  fine  specimens  imbedded  in  the  feldspar. 

Talc,  mixed  with  quartz,  white,  and  also  fine  apple  green 
color.  (Oxford  Observer,  Sept.  2,  1824.J 

RUMFORD. 

Crystallized  Mica,  in  uncommonly  regular,  6  sided  tables. 
(Prof.  Cleavelmd.) 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE. 


LITTLETON. 

Variegated  Marble,  and 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  have  recently  been  discovered. 

Sulphur,  in  springs.  (Sil.  8.179.J 

MOUNT  WASHINGTON. 

Cyanite,  perfectly  white  or  colorless,  and  glassy. 

Staurotide,  in  small,  single  crystals,  accompanying  the  cyanite, 

and  resembling  that  of  St.Gothard,  imbedded  in  mica  slate. 

( T.  Nuttall) 


280  VERMONT.    MASSACHUSETTS. 

VERMONT. 


BRATTLEBOROUGH. 

Smoky  Quartz  ?  Amorphous.  (Sil.  6.  213.; 

Schorl,  (mentioned  in  Cleaveland  as  occurring  in  Dummer- 
ston,)  is  found,  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  in  mica  slate 
or  hornblende  slate  ;  also  near  the  N.  line  of  the  town,  in 
common  white  quartz,  quite  beautiful  and  abundant.  (Sil. 
6.220.; 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  quartz,  mica  slate,  and  tremolite. 
This  mineral  may  be  found  in  almost  any  spot  between 
Con  way  and  Brattleborough,  a  distance  of  30  m.  on  a  strip 
several  miles  wide. 

SUico  Calcareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  near  the  N.  line  of  the 
town,  in  a  bowlder  of  granite,  which  has  flesh  colored  feld- 
spar. (Sil.  6.236.) 

GUILFORD. 

Chlorite  Slate  occurs  in  beds  in  clay  slate.  (Sil.  6.28.) 

PLYMOUTH. 

Carbonate  of  Iron,  near  the  m.  h.  in  a  vein  2  or  3  feet  wide. 
(SSL  9.22.) 

POWNAL. 

Granular  Limestone.  (Sil.  8.14.) 

SHOREHAM. 

Magnesian  Carbonate  of  Lime,  crystallized,  transparent,  and 
beautiful.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

WHITINGHAM. 

Chlorite  Slate,  nearly  pure  chlorite,  distinctly  stratified.  (Sil. 
6.28.; 


MASSACHUSETTS. 


AB1NGTON. 

Smoky  Quartz,  in  good  crystals,  found  in   digging  a  well. 
(J.  Porter.) 

ASHFIELD. 

Scapolite,   discovered   by   Morris   Dwight  of  Williamsburg. 
( J.  Porter.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  28 1 

BECKEf. 

Granular  Limestone.  (SiL  8.13.) 

BERLIN. 

Bog  Iron  Ore,  in  a  Jmeadow,  in  great  abundance.  (C.  T. 
Jackson.) 

BLANDFORD. 

Anthophyllite,  both  massive  and  in  long  acicular  prisms, 
which  are  generally  disposed  in  a  radiating  form  ;  its  color 
hair  brown  of  various  shades,  constituting  the  greater  part  of 
a  green  talcose  rock,  having  a  slaty  structure,  with  veins  of 
serpentine  of  a  dark  color,  running  through  it  in  various 
directions.  (J.  W.  W.  2.395.) 

BOLTON. 

The  substance  mentioned  under  Bolton,  page  37,  as  resem- 
bling serpentine,  and  supposed  to  be  a  variety  of  brucite, 
if  not  the 

Pyrallolite,  will  probably  prove  a  new  substance,  the  rhom- 
boidal  prisms  which  its  cleavage  presents  being  of  different 
angles  with  the  brucite. 

Spinelle,  dark  green,  or  blackish,  and  greyish  blue,  crystalliz- 
ed and  amorphous. 

Orthite  ?  in  minute  crystals,  with  the  Nuttallite  and  scapolite. 

Petalite,  associated  with  the  Nuttallite,  &c.  We  have  obtain- 
ed 3  to  4  per  cent  of  lithia  from  this  mineral. 

Pargasite,  disseminated  in  the  limestone. 

Brown  Hornblende,  associated  with  the  spinelle,  and  occur- 
ring in  almost  all  the  localities  of  spinelle  hitherto  discover- 
ed in  the  United  States.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

Rhomb  Spar,  in  limestone. 

Pinite,  in  granite.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

BOXBOROUGH. 

Spinelle  Ruby  was  discovered  for  the  first  time  in  New  Eng- 
land, in  Sept.  1824,  in  the 

Foliated  Limestone,  in  this  town,  which  is  quarried  for  lime. 
The  colors  of  the  spinelle  then  obtained  almost  exactly 
resembled  that  of  Oker  in  Sweden,  being  of  a  bluish  grey, 
sometimes  inclining  to  rose  red,  and  when  small,  highly 
translucent ;  also  of  a  dark  green,  approaching  to  black, 
and  sometimes  inclining  to  blue  ;  one  specimen  was  found 
of  a  red  approaching  carmine,  and  also  white. 

Lilac  Scapolite.  Imbedded  in  the  quartzy  scapolite  of  this 
place  were  found  rhomboidal  specks  and  rhomboidal  crys- 
36 


282  MASSACHUSETTS. 

tals,  of  a  blackish  brown,  and  sometimes  greenish  brow* 
substance,  with  a  resinous  lustre  and  conchoidal  fracture, 
which  to  all  appearance  resembled 

Gadoliniiet  or  orthite.  Unlike  gadolinite,  it  proved  very 
fusible  with  intumescence,  and  may  more  probably  be 

Orthite.    Brown  Hornblende,  associated  with  the  spinelle,  &c. 

Garnet,  discovered  at  the  same  time  at  this  locality  possesses 
an  uncommon  beauty  and  brilliancy,  and  is  in  fact  a 

Cinnamon  Stone,  or  Jilmandine,  accompanied  by  that  variety 
of  amphibole  which  has  been  called 

Pargasite.    (T.  JVuttall.) 

Calcareous  Spar,  yellow,  in  the  granular  limestone,  about  8 
m.  E.  N.  E.  from  Lancaster,  and  5  m.  N.  E.  from  the 
lime  rocks  in  Bolton. 

Phosphate  oj  Lime,  Jlpatite,  in  hexahedral  prisms,  sometimes 
running  through  crystals  of  scapolite  at  right  angles.  The 
sea  polite  occurs  massive  and  crystallized,  sometimes  pur- 
ple, in  handsome  specimens,  and  much  more  abundant  than 
at  Bolton. 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  in  limestone,  associated  with  spinelle. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdma?   (C.  T.Jackson.) 

Brucite, .lemon  yellow  and  orange  yellow,  with  spinelle  and 
hornblende,  found  by  C.  T.  Jackson. 

BOYLSTON. 

Crystallized  Quartz,  in   flinty  slate  ;  the  crystals  are  grouped 

very  handsomely  in  the  crevices  of  the  rocks. 
Chlorite*)  is  frequently  found  in  the  interstices  of  the  quartz. 
Sulphuret  of  Iron. 
Sulphate  of  Iron,  in  a  rock  of  pyritous  slate,  by  the  road  side, 

covering  the  rock  in  dry  weather  with  minute  crystals. 
Ochrey  Red  Oxide  of  Iron,  mixed  with  clay,  deposited  by  the 

springs  in  the  meadows,  4  or  5  inches  in  thickness  in  some 

places.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

BREED'S  HILL. 
Epidote,  in  crystals  of  considerable   size  in   rolled  masses  of 

greenstone,  with   white   quartz   and   some  calcareous  spar. 

(J.  W.  W.  2.  280.; 

BRIGHTON. 

ddularia,  in  fine  crystals,  but  scarce.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

BUCKLAND   . 

Arenaceous  Epidote,  in  hornblende  and  greenstone  slate, 
(Sti.  6.  223.  J 


MASSACHUSETTS.  283 

CHARLESTOWN. 

Compact  Feldspar,  of  a  greenish  color,  resembling  in  some 
parts  of  the  bed,  some  varieties  of  limestone,  constituting 
the  lowest  rock  on  the  S.  E.  side  of  Prospect  Hill,  in  an 
extensive  bed,  and  may  be  traced  in  various  parts  of  the 
hill,  in  a  direction  from  S.  E.  to  N.  W.  It  has  an  imper- 
fect slaty  structure,  and  passes  into  clay  slate  in  the  N.  W. 
extremity.  (J.  IV.  W.  2.  280.) 

*fl.rragonite,  in  acicular  crystals  in  the  sienite.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

CHESTER. 

Heulandite,  associated  with  the  stiibite,  and  chabasie,  rather 
rare.  Distinguishable  by  its  superior  pearly  lustre.  (T. 
NuttalL) 

CHESTERFIELD. 

Scapolite,  (til.  7.253.J  published  as  Tremolite   in  Sil.  6.248- 

Cy finite,  a  remarkable  variety,  very  dark  colored. 

Garnet,  about  a  m.  N.  E.  of  the  in.  h.  near  the  celebrated  lo- 
cality of  cyanite,  in  blocks  of  reddish  hornblende,  in  im- 
mense numbers,  from  the  size  of  a  shot  to  that  of  a  small 
cannon  ball. 

Graphite,  foliated.  The  graphite  of  Cummington,  Worthing- 
ton,  and  Chester  is  of  this  variety.  (J.  Porter.) 

Purple  Copper,  in  small  quantities,  in  the  same  rock  with  the 
green  feldspar,  (toil.  9.48J 

COHASSET. 

Peat,  abundant. 

COLRAIN. 

Siliceous  Limestone,  of  a  dull  brown  color.  (Sil.  1.106.) 

v  ' 

CONWAY. 

Siliceous  Limestone,  of  a  dull  brown  color.  (Sil.  1.106.) 
Colophonite  ?  (&il.  6.223.J 

CUMMINGTON. 

Rhomb  Spar,  in  steatite  well  crystallized,  and  associated  with 

green,  foliated  talc. 

Yellow  Ferruginous  Quartz,  crystallized  and  amorphous. 
Cummingtonite  is  found   abundantly   in   the  W.  part  of  the 

town. 

Melanite.     Zoisite. 
Steatite.     The  Cummington   soapstone  quarry  is  lately  found 

to  be  a  few  rods  within  the  limits  of  Windsor. 
.Radiated  Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  delicate  filaments,  united  in 


284  MASSACHUSETTS. 

tufts,  white,  with  a  silken  lustre,  associated  with   the   grey 

and  black  oxide.    (J.  Porter.} 
Siliceous  Oxide  of  Manganese.     The  locality  of  this  mineral 

is  half  a  m.  W.  of  the  congregational  m.  h.,  where  it  exists 

in  immense  quantity  in   bowlders  in  the  stone  walls.    (SU. 

9.22.J 
Fibrolite,  what  has  been  called  Cummingtonite.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

DALTON.  ' 

Cacholong.     Siliceous  Sinter,  in  stalactical  concretions. 

Jlgates,  very  large,  in  masses  of  hornstone,  and  jaspery 
quartz,  and  jasper. 

Opal,  do.     Hyalite,  do.    Hornstone,  approaching  chalcedony. 

Schorl.    Epidote.    Jlugite,  principally  massive.    Hornblende. 

Serpentine,  containing  dsbestus,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  town. 

Carburet  of  Iron,  and  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron,  forming  the  ce- 
ment of  a  breccia,  the  interstices  lined  with  minute  quartz 
crystals.  Bog  Iron  Ore.  (SU.  9.43.J 

DEERFIELD. 

Siliceous  Limestone,  of  a  dull  brown  color.  (SU.  1.106.) 

DUXBURY. 

Marl,  underlaying  Peat,  both  of  which  are  abundant  on  the 
farm  of  Dr.  Allyn.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

EGREMONT. 

Granular  Limestone.  (SU.  8.14.)     Clay  Slate.  (Sil.  8.19.) 

FITCHBURGH. 

Limpid  Quartz,  elegant  specimens,  and 

Yellow  Quartz,  which  on  its  recent  fracture,  presents  the 

Irised  Quartz,  very  beautiful ;  these  occur  in  a  vein  nearly  § 
feet  wide,  passing  through  mica  slate,  which  forms  an  emi- 
nence, known  by  the  name  of  "  Pearl  Hill,*'  about  5  m. 
N.  E.  of  the  village.  Specimens  of  some  pounds  may  be 
obtained  by  blasting  the  rock. 

Milky  Quartz,  and  Granular  Quartz,  in  mica  slate. 

Staurotide,  in  mica  slate,  in  rhombic  prisms. 

.Mica,  in  beds  of  granite,  in  mica  slate,  plates  of  more  than  a 
foot  diameter  may  be  easily  obtained,  very  abundant. 

Schorl,  in  mica  slate,  in  acicular  crystals,  and 

Rubetlite,  in  granite,  were  discovered  by  H.  Wilder.  (Prob- 
ably andalusite.  T.  JV.) 

Beryl,  in  granite,  in  crystals  from  1  an  inch  to  6  inches  in  di- 


MASSACHUSETTS.  285 

ameter,  green  and  white  ;  some  are  nearly  limpid,  fine  spe- 
cimens. 

Garnet,  in  the  mica  slate,  very  abundant. 

Chlorite  crystallized,  in  granite.     All  the  above   at  Pearl  Hill. 

Sulphuret  of  Molybdena,  in  granite,  in  G  sided  prisms  from  1 
an  inch  to  an  inch  in  diameter.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

GOSHEN. 

Epidote,  beautifully  crystallized. 

Sulphur,  in  the  water  of  a  well  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  the  town. 
( J.  Porter.) 

Spodumene,  exists  not  merely  in  the  locality,  described  in  Sil. 
6.225,  &  7.30,  as  white  augite,  but  in  various  parts  of  Go- 
shen,  especially  in  the  northern  part,  scattered  in  great 
abundance,  in  bowlders  over  the  surface.  Its  general 
color  is  brownish  white,  sometimes  clove  brown,  yet  not 
unfrequently  it  is  beautifully  tinged  with  green,  and  cannot 
be  distinguished  from  the  European  specimens.  (Sil.  9.20.) 

Pyrophysalite,  about  3  m.  N,  W.  of  the  m.  h.,  on  what  is  call- 
ed the  Week's  farm,  in  loose  bowlders  of  granite  ;  in  which 
are  found  promiscuously  blended,  the  green  and  black 
tourmaline,  indicolite,  spodumene,  green,  rose,  and  silver 
colored  mica,  pyrophysalite,  beryl,  and  foliated  and  granu- 
lar Cleavelandite.  Also  in  a  huge  vein  of  granite  in  rnica 
slate. 

White  Talc,  beautiful  specimens,  same  place.  (Sil.  9.21  .J 

Topaz  ?  This  occurs  in  that  rich  repository  of  minerals,  the 
Goshen  granite,  3  rn.  N.  W.  of  the  m.  h.  associated  with 
green  tourmaline,  Cleavelandite,  spodumene,  indicolite, 
rose  mica,  and  pyrophysalite.  (Sil.  9.180.J 

Beryl,  in  rounded,  bluish  grey  masses,  and  low  6  sided 
prisms.  This  ambiguous  substance  was  at  first  sight,  by 
myself,  mistaken  for  pyrophysalite,  but  the  comparative  ex- 
amination of  that  from  Finbo  in  Sweden,  proved  the  dis- 
tinction of  our  mineral  from  it,  as  it  neither  phosphoresces 
nor  intumesces,  merely  rounding  at  the  edges  in  extreme 
heat,  and  turning  instantly  opaque  and  pearly.  The  spe- 
cific gravity  also  2.61,  proves  it  at  once  to  have  no  affinity 
with  topaz.  The  same  may  be  said  also,  probably  of  the 
topaz  announced  from  this  place,  as  it  sometimes  occurs 
almost  transparent,  and  inclined  to  rose  red;  the  red  emer- 
ald of  Col.  Gibbs.  (T.  Nuttall.)  The  writer  found  the 
specific  gravity  of  a  fragment  of  the  above  weighing  21 


286  MASSACHUSETTS. 

grains,  which  was  transparent  and  very  slightly  tinged  with 
red,  of  a  lamellar  structure  to  be  2.62,  and  one  of  34  grains 
of  a  bluish  grey  color  and  opaque,  to  be  about  2.61. 

GREAT  BARRINGTON. 

Staurotide, 

Garnets,  in  mica  slate,  so  numerous,  as  to  resemble  at  a  little 
distance  the  most  beautiful  puddingstune.  (6'i7.  8.7.) 

HARVARD. 

Quartz,  in  veins,  and  frequently  crystallized,  in  the  clay  slate. 
Clay  Slate,  not  readily  fissile,  but   yields  easily  to  the  chisel, 

and  is  extensively  wrought  for  the  supply  of  gravestones  in 

the  neighboring  towns.   (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

H  ING  HAM. 

Jlmethyst.  Crystals  are  frequently  found  in  alluvial  soil, 
about  2  m.  N.  E.  near  ihe  woollen  Factory.  Handsome 
specimens  of  crystallized  arnathystine  quartz,  were  lately 
obtained  from  a  drusy  vein  in  sienitic  granite,  in  excavating 
some  earth  and  rocks  in  the  village. 

Peat,  very  abundant. 

HINSDALE. 

Granular  Limestone,  very  coarse,  and  highly  crystalline,  con- 
taining plates  of  mica  diffused  through  it.  (5*7.  8. 14.) 

Sulphuretted  Hydrogen  issues  from  a  spring,  around  which 
the  earth  is  covered  with 

Sulphur,  in  dry  weather.    (Sil.  8.31.) 

LANCASTER. 

JFibwlite,  well  characterized,  and  abundant  in  mica  slate. 
(T.  Nuttall.)  Found  by  Mr-  T.  C.  Jackson,  on  George  Hill. 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  on  George  Hill,  in  small  hexahedral 
prisms,  in  a  spodumene  rock,  of  about  2  tons  weight,  about 
3  m.  from  the  Sterling  locality,  found  by  C.  Stedman. 
Spodumene  is  found  in  small  quantities  in  various  parts  of 
the  town.  Jlndalusite  is  found  on  George  Hill,  in  transi- 
tion mica  slate.  Green  and  purple  Finite;  fine  specimens 
were  found  on  George  Hill  in  granite,  by  C.  Stedman. 

.Peat  is  found  in  the  swarnps  and  low  lands,  in  the  S.  W.  part 
of  the  town.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

LENOX. 

Jron  Ore,  similar  to  that  of  Bennington;  Vermont,  in  abun- 
dance. (Si/.  5.251.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  287 

LEOMINSTER. 

Crystallized  Quartz,  very  fine  specimens  have  been  found  in 
a  brook,  sometimes  several  inches  in  length,  exhibiting  both 
pyramids. 

Schorl,  in  granite.  (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

MARSH  FIELD. 

Petrosilex,  in  rolled  masses.  ( J.  Porter.) 

MEDFIELD. 

Peaty  very  abundant. 

MIDDLEFIELD. 

Granular  Limestone.  (SiL  8.13.) 

Steatite,  pseudomorphous,  in  the  form  of  quartz  crystals.  (T. 
Nuttall.) 

Cereolite,  connected  with  serpentine.  (Mnj.  Delafield.)  Ce- 
reolite  is  of  a  uniform  wax  yellow  col  ,r,  about  the  hard- 
ness and  translucence  of  precious  serpentine,  but  more  con- 
choidal  in  its  fracture.  Before  the  blowpipe  it  becomes 
white,  and  fuses  on  the  edges  with  difficulty  into  an  opaque 
enamel. 

MONSON. 

Arenaceous  Epidote,  in  hornblende  and"  greenstone  slate. 
(Sil.  6.223.) 

NEW  ASHFORD. 

Granular  Limestone,  and 

Marble,  white,  and  beautiful  dove  colored.  (Sil.  8.14.) 
Clay  Slate.  (Sil.  8.19.J 

Incrustations  of  Carbonate  of  Lime,  between  the  layers  of  cal- 
careous rock.  (Sil.  8.34.) 

NEW  MARLBOROUGH. 

Granular  Limestone,  from  which  is  wrought  a  white 

Marble.  (Sil.  8.14.) 

Stalactites,  and  stalagmites,   in  caverns  which   have   several 

rooms.   (Sil  8.15.J 
Red  Oxide  of  Titanium. 
Arenaceous  Quarts,  with  dendritic  impressions  of  manganese* 

(&/.  9.43.J 

PETERSBURG. 

Chlorite,  forming  considerable  hills.  (Sil.  8.20.J 

PITTSFIELD. 

Marble.  No  marble  is  found,  at  least  none  is  quarried  in  this- 
town.  The  marb!e  of  Lanesborough  has  been  worked  ex- 


288  MASSACHUSETTS. 

tensively  in  this  town,  and  has  hence  acquired  the  name  of 
Pittsfield  marble.  (Sil.  8.14.; 

Calcareous  Spar,  in  lenticular  crystals.     Quartz  Crystals. 

Red  Oxide  oflitanium,  abundant  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  the 
town  in  Green  Quartz.  Agate.  Mica,  of  different  colors. 

Schorl,  in  the  S.  E.  part  of  the  town,  near  Washington,  in 
mica  slate.  Jlugite.  Talc,  of  different  colors. 

Specular  Iron,  Hematitic,  Magnetic  Sulphuret,  and  the 

Compact  Brown  Oxide  of  Iron.  The  magnetic  occurs  in  oc- 
tahedrons in  mica  slate.  Manganese,  the  compact  brown 
oxide,  in  considerable  masses.  (Sil.  9.42.) 

PLAINFIELD. 

Clay  Slate.  (Sil.  8.19.) 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  well  crystallized.   (Sil.  9.55.) 

Fetid  Quartz.     Zoisite.     Green  Talc,  which  is  foliated. 

Sulphur,  pulverulent,  in  the  Cummingtonite. 

Radiated  Oxide  of  Manganese,  in  delicate  filaments  united  in 

tufts  of  a  white  color  and   silken  lustre,  associated  with  the 

grey  and  black  oxide.    («/.  Porter.} 

PLYMOUTH. 

Red  Jasper,  on  the  beach  in  rolled  pieces.    (C.  T.  Jackson.) 

RICHMOND. 

Clay  Slate.  (Sit.  8.19.; 

SAVOY. 

Granular  Limestone,  in  beds.  (Sil.  8.13.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  finely  crystallized  in  quartz.  (Sil.  9.55.; 

SHEFFIELD. 

Oxide  of  Manganese,  announced  in  Sil.  4.189,  has  been 
searched  for  and  not  found.  (Sil.  8.30.)  The  mica  slate, 
1  m.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  &c.  is  so  filled  with  garnets  as  to  re- 
semble, at  a  little  distance,  the  most  beautiful  puddingstone. 
(SiL  8.7.; 

SHELBURNE. 

Arenaceous  Epidote,  in  hornblende  and  greenstone  slate. 
(Sil.  6.233.) 

SHIRLEY. 

Roof  Slate,  an  extensive  quarry  of  superior  quality.  (C.  T. 
Jackson.) 

SHUTESBURY. 

Arenaceous  Epidote,  in  hornblende  and  greenstone  slate. 
(Sil.  6.223.) 


MASSACHUSETTS.  289 

SOUTHAMPTON. 

Vitreous  Black  Oxide  of  Iron,  investing  carbonate  of  lead. 
(Sil.  9.47.) 

STAMFORD. 

Granular  Limestone.  (Sil.  8.13.) 

STERLING. 

Andalusite,  in  scopiform  clusters  of  crystals,  often  party-color- 
ed like  made,  in  transition  mica  slate.  This  mineral  has 
been  found  red,  in  quartz,  with  Finite,  near  Sterling. 

Crystallized  Chlorite,  associated  with 

Red  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  long  prisms. 

Phosphate  of  Manganese  ?  with  the  spodumene.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

Chlorite,  earthy,  in  gneiss,  at  the  iron  mine. 

Pyritous  (Copper,  and  carbonate  of  iron,  which  is  very  abun- 
dant, are  found  at  the  iron  mine,  S.  W.  from  the  m.  h. 

Arsenical  ./row,  near  the  spodumene  rock. 

Arsenical  Sulphur  et  of  Iron,  and  common  pyrites. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  and 

Argentiferous  Sulphuret  of  Lead,  at  the  mine,  which  was 
opened  for  silver  about  TO  years  ago,  and  found  unproduc- 
tive. Andalusite  was  found  on  the  road  from  Sterling  to 
Boylslon,  in  mica  slate,  taken  from  a  well.  The  Clay 
Slate,  containing  the  Made,  does  not  occur  in  place  in  Ster- 
ling, but  in  Lancaster,  near  the  boundary  line,  on  George 
Hill.  (C.  T.  Jackson.)  The  made  occurs  in  what  is  de- 
nominated by  European  geologists  transition  clay  slate, 
similar  to  that  of  Brittany  in  France,  which  contains  the 
chiastolite,  sometimes  approaching  to  mica  slate. 

TAUNTON. 

Pipe  Clay. 

WALPOLE. 

Limestone,  about  2  m.  W.  of  the  m.  h.  of  a  bluish  grey  color, 
and  granular  structure,  stratified,  and  dipping  N.  W. 

Peat,  about  2  rn.  southerly  of  the  m.  h.,  E.  of,  and  near  the 
turnpike,  very  abundant,  and  of  good  quality. 

WASHINGTON. 

Granular  Limestone.  (Sil.-  8. !  3  ) 

Buhrstone,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  town,  known  by  the  name 
of  the  Pittsfield  buhrstone.  (Sil.  8.17.)  See  Pittsfield. 

WHAT  ELY. 

Common  Quartz,  in  seams  and  beds,  in  primitive  greenstone. 
Granular  Epidote,  in  primitive  greenstone.  (Sit.  6.  34.) 
37 


290  RHODE  ISLAND. 

WILLIAMSBURG. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  quartz,  associated  with 
Pyritous  Copper. 

Serpentine,  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  above.  (Sit.  9.166.) 
Apatite,  imbedded   in   a  rock  of  gneiss,  strongly  resembling 
beryl.  (Sil.  9.174.) 

WILLIAMSTOWN. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead  has  been   found  on   the  E.  side  of  Saddle 

mountain. 
Oxide  of  Manganese,  E.  side   of  Saddle  mountain   in   mica 

slate.  (SU.  8.  30.) 

WINDSOR. 

Granular  Limestone.  (Sil.  8.  13.J 

Zoisite,  superb  specimens.  (C.  U.  Shepard.) 

Sulphuret  of  Iron,  finely  crystallized  in  quartz.   (SU.  9.55.J 

WORCESTER. 

Epidote,  associated  with  idocrase,  pyroxene,  &c.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

WORTHINGTON. 

£taurotide,  in  large  crystals,  and  very  abundant.  (Sit.  8.7.) 

WRENTHAM. 

Peat,  1  m.  E.  of  the  m.  h.  on  Samuel  Fales'  land,  also  1£  m. 
S.  W.  of  the  Baptist  in.  h.  on  Thomas  Metcalf's  land,  and 
on  Lewis  Metcalf's  land  adjoining,  abundant. 

ZOAR. 

Zoisite.     Cummingtonite.  (Sil.  9.  43.) 


RHODE  ISLAND. 

CUMBERLAND. 

Latrobite  ? 

NEWPORT. 

Siliceous  Slate,  associated  with  transition  rocks.  (C.) 

SMITHFIELD. 

JBasalt  ?  about  a  m.  N.  W.  from  Woonsocket  village  in  the 
race-way  of  the  Branch  cotton  mill,  in  walls  or  veins,  imbed- 
ded in  mica  slate,  consisting  of  columns  of  various  sizes  and 
figures,  their  faces  corresponding  to  each  other  so  as  to 
form  a  compact  walL  This  mineral  answers  precisely  to 
the  discription  of  Basalt  by  Cleaveland,  and  appears  similar 
to  that  of  Rowan,  North  Carolina. 


CONNECTICUT.  291 

CONNECTICUT. 

HADDAM. 

Yellow  Oxide  of  Tungsten,  sometimes  coating  the  feldspar, 
&c.  in  the  granite  which  furnishes  the  chrysoberyl,  &c, 
(Dr.  Torrey.) 

NEW  HARTFORD. 

Prismatic  Mien.    (Sit.  7.253.) 
Cyanite,  in  gneiss.  (E.  Cornelius.) 

NEW  HAVEN. 

Stilbite,  in  thin  veins  of  implicated  tabular  crystals,  of  a  flesh 

color,  and  rarely  associated  with 
<flnalcime,  in  small  crystals  in  g.eenstone.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

NEW   PRESTON. 

Granular  Limestone. 

Fibrous  Tremolite,  in  primitive  limestone,  presenting  beauti- 
ful specimens,  having  the  lustre  of  silk,  very  abundant. 
White  Jlugiie.  (E.  Cornelius.) 

SALISBURY. 

Calcareous  Sinter,  in  a  stalactical  form,  under  limestone- 
rocks.  Calcareous  Incrustations  are  common.  (SiL  8.256.) 

Cumtningtonite,  of  great  beauty,  occurs  associated  with  augitc 
in  a  ledge  of  mica  slate,  of  a  glassy  lustre,  the  fibres  radiat- 
ing from  a  centre,  and  6  or  8  inches  in  length. 

Phosphate  of  Iron,  earthy,  occurs  with  the  brown  oxide  of 
iron,  in  a  newly  opened  bed.  It  is  very  abiHidant,  and 
lies  in  a  diluvial  hill,  which  has  been  penetrated  to  a  small 
distance,  and  is  associated  with 

Gibbsite?  composed  of  granular  and  botryoidal  concretions. 
It  is  less  hard,  and  of  a  much  whiter,  color  than  that  of 
Richmond  and  Lenox. 

Idocrase  occurs  in  abundance  in  oblique,  4  sided  prisms,  trun^ 
cated  on  all  the  edges  ;  also  in  octahedral  crystals  and 
massive,* — mostly  of  an  irregular  form,  variously  grouped, 
and  associated  with  hornblende,  epidote,  and  calcareous 
spar ;  colors  from  a  reddish  brown,  to  light  yellowish  white. 
(Sil.  9.44.) 

*  These  forms,  if  correct,  do  not  agree  with  the   mineral,  which  always 
•ccurs  in  right  square  prisms,  or  under  some  modification  of  that  form. 


292  NEW  YORK. 

SAYBROOK. 

Fibrolite,  found  accompanying,  and  passing  into  the  Siili- 
raanite,  which  consequently  is  a  mere  crystallized  variety, 
with  which  it  also  nearly  agrees  in  chemical  composition. 
The  angles  of  the  Sillimanite  crystals,  or  fibrolite,  as  far 
as  their  general  imperfection  permits  of  examination,  are 
in  one  direction  about  94°  and  86°,  and  there  are  appear- 
ances of  natural  joints,  oblique  to  the  axis  of  the  prism. 
These  crystals  also  agree  perfectly  with  specimens  of  fibro- 
lite from  the  Carnatic,  with  which  they  have  been  compar- 
ed. ( T.  Muttall.)  The  anlysis  of 

Sillimanite  gives  Water,  00.510,  Silica,  42.666,  Alumine, 
54.111,  Oxide  of  Iron,  01.999,  loss  .714.  (G.  T.  Bowen.) 

Fibrolite  gives  Silex  38,  Alumine,  58.25,  Oxide  of  Iron  0.75, 
loss  3.  (Chenevix.} 

Nepheline  gives  Silex  44.11,  Alumine,  33.73,  Soda,  20.46, 
loss,  0.62.  (Jlrfwedson.) 

Specific  gravity  of  Sillimanite,  3.410,  Fibrolite,  3.21,  Nephe- 
line, 2.65.  (C.) 

WINDHAM. 

Foliated  JVica,  of  a  greenish  color,  and 

Cleavelandite,  in  a  coarse  grained  granite,  at  Jilson's  cotton 
mill. 


NEW  YORK. 

ALBANY  co.     See  Albany,  Bethlehem,  Bern,  Coeymans,  Guil- 
derland,  Helderbergh,  Knox,  and  Watervliet. 

AMENIA. 

Copper  Ores,  with  galena  and 
Sulphur et  of  Zinc,  in 

Limestone,  in  the  low  ground  in  the  side  of  a  mountain.    Mass- 
es of  galena  are  frequently  ploughed  up.  (Bruce,  14.) 

CALDWELL 

Schorl,  in  white  quartz,  handsome  specimens.    (R.  H.  Steel.) 

GAYUGA  co.      See  Aurora,   Cayuga  lake,   Montezuma,    and 
Semphronius. 

CHATHAM. 

Sulphuret  of  Lead,  in  small  quantities.  (Stl.  9.43.) 


NEW  YORK.  293 

COLD   SPRING. 

Lamellar  Green  Pyroxene,  with  a  metallic  lustre,  abundant, 
accompanied  with  beautiful  Feldspar. 

Silico-Cakareous  Oxide  of  Titanium,  in  distinct  crystals,  and 
massive  in  Pyroxene. 

Zircon,  in  an  aggregate  of  quartz  and  pyroxene,  scarce. 

Rhomboidal  Black  Mica,  also  in  6  sided  tables. 

Lamellar  Hornblende. 

Rhombic  Carbonate  of  Lime,  with  Green  Coccolite  intermixed. 

&capolite.  massive,  associated  with  feldspar  and  green  pyrox- 
ene. 

Radiated  Stilbite,  in  the  fissures  of  pyroxene. 

Chabasie,  in  obtuse  rhombs,  associated  with  the  stilbite. 

Basanite,  with  Anthracite,  in  loose  pieces  on  the  banks  of  the 
Hudson. 

Tremolite,  scarce.     Epidote.  (Sil.  9.41.) 

COLUMBIA,  co.     See  Ancram,    Chatham,  Claversack,  Hudson, 
Livingston's  Lead  Mine,  and  New  Lebanon. 

DELAWARE  co.     See  Delhi. 

DUTCHES  co.  See  Amenia,  Anthony's  Nose,  Clinton,  Fish- 
kill,  Hyde  Park,  North  East,  Peekskill,  and  Rhinebeck. 

ERIE  co.     See  Black  Rock. 

ESSEX  co.  See  Anthony's  Nose,  S.  from  Ticonderoga,  Crown 
Point,  Rogers  Rock,  Sabbath-Day  Point,  Ticonderoga,  and 
Willsborough. 

{JENESEE  co.     See  Batavia. 
GREENE  co.     See  Catskill,  and  Catskill  mountains. 

GREENFIELD. 

Oolite  ;  an  extensive  formation  commences  about  2  m.  from 
the  village  of  Saratoga  springs,  and  within  i  a  m.  of  the 
primitive  rocks  which  terminate  the  southernmost  point  of 
the  Palmertown  mountain,  extending  W.  several  miles, 
through  the  farm  of  Mr,  Benjamin  Rose,  &c.  In  and  near 
the  road,  which  leads  from  Greenfield  to  Ballston  Spa,  by 
the  way  of  Rowland's  mills,  on  the  farm  of  Deacon  Wood, 
there  is  a  bank  composed  of  a  series  of  horizontal  strata, 
of  this  formation.  (A*'i7.  9.17.) 

HERKIMER  co.  See  Danube,  West  Canada  Creek,  Fairfield, 
Little  Falls,  Newport,  and  Salisbury. 

JEFFERSON  co.     See  Champlain. 


294  NEW  YORK. 

KINGSBRIDGE. 

PyralJolite,  in  granular  limestone,  published   in  page   131  as 
rhae-iizite.  (T. 


LIVINGSTON  co.     See  Leicester. 

LOCK  PORT. 

Graphic  Gypsum,  or  two  varieties  of  gypsum,  earthy  and  trans- 

lucent, mixed  in  a  zigzag  form. 
Selenite,  crystallized,  large   and   conspicuous,    has   also   been 

found  here. 

Dogtooth  Spar.    A  distinct  crystallization  from  the  European. 
Satin  Spar,  or  silky    and   compact  fibrous   gypsum,  equal   to 

that  of  England,  the  fibres  4  or  5  inches  long.  (T.  NuttdlL) 

LONG  ISLAND. 

Red  Ochre,  clay  colored  with  the  brown  oxide  of  iron,  form- 
ing good  Spanish  brown,  on  the  E.  side  of  Hemstead  har- 
bour, at  Muschito  Cove,  on  the  W.  of  the  harbour,  extend- 
ing to  Newtown,  at  Plandorne,  and  at  the  head  of  Cow 
Bay,  and  near  the  head  of  Little  Neck  bay,  in  Flushing. 
(Bruce,  85.) 

MADISON  co.     See  Canaseraga,  and  Lenox. 

MONROE  CO. 

See  Brighton,  Carthage,  and  Rochester  below  the  Falls. 

MONTGOMERY  co.     See   Amsterdam,   Florida,  Johnston,   and 
Palatine  Bridge. 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 

White  Pyroxene,  imbedded  in  primitive  limestone,  which 
crosses  the  island  at  its  northern  extremity  in  8  sided 
prisms,  sometimes  several  inches  in  length.  (Bruce,  260.) 
Emerald  rarely  occurs  in  the  granitic  veins,  which  traverse 
gneiss  4  m.  (Bruce,  265.) 

NEW  YORK  co.  See  Constitution  Island,  Corlaer's  Hook, 
Haarlem  Heights,  Kingsbridge,  and  New  York  city. 

NIAGARA  co.     See  Lewistown,  Lockport,  and  Niagara  Falls. 

ONEIDA  co.  See  Clinton,  Rome,  Vernon,  and  Westmorland. 
ONONDAGA  co.  See  Camillus,  JVJanlius,  and  Salina, 

ONTARIO   co.      See   Cliffton    Springs,   Farmington,   Geneva, 
Honeoye,  Ontario,  and  Williamson. 

ORANGE  co.     See  Goshen,  Highlands,  Monroe,  Warwick,  and 
West  Point. 


NEW  YORK. 

PAWLINGS. 

Iron  Ore,  in  a  large  bed.  (bil.  8.30.,) 

PH1LLIPSTOWN. 

Hard  White  Marble,  in  blocks,  texture  very  compact.  Ser- 
pentine occurs  in  loose  pieces,  and  variously  mixed  with 
the  marble  ;  some  of  the  serpentine  is  very  beautiful. 

Lamellar  Talc. 

Rhombic  Carbonate  of  Lime,  pale  flesh  color.  Mica,  in  6 
sided  crystals  in  do.  The  White.  Coccolite  contains  in  its 
cavities,  crystals  of  White  Pyroxene,  8  sided,  terminations 
irregular.  It  is  found  in  blocks  and  masses  in  considerable 
quantity,  associated  with  marble  and  serpentine. 

Rose  colored  Coccolite,  same  locality,  in  small  quantities,  asso- 
ciated with  Diopside,  or  a  variety  of  pyroxene,  which  is  a 
light  green,  lamellar  structure,  with  a  glistening  surface. 

Magnetic  Iron  Ore,  in  marble,  intermixed  with  Asbestus. 

Suphuret  of  Iron.  Sp/iene  imbedded  in  Tremolite.  This  in- 
teresting locality  is  on  the  declivity  of  a  small  hill,  princi- 
pally composed  of  marble,  serpentine,  and  white  coccolite, 
on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Joseph  Hustis.  The  hill  slopes  to  the 
east,  its  foot  is  washed  by  a  small  stream,  and  its  opposite 
bank  is  an  abrupt  granite  precipice,  in  which  hornblende, 
green  pyroxene,  and  green  coccolite  occur. 

Compact  Feldspar. 

Pyroxene,  in  several  localities,  green,  and  also  greyish  white. 

Green  Coccolite,  in  several  localities. 

Corinthian  hornblende. 

Lamellar  Hornblende. 

Magnetic  Iron  Ore,  abundant. 

Green  Actynolite.  Stilbite,  in  grouped  crystals,  resembling  a 
fan  ;  color,  wax  yellow,  intermixed  with  Laumonite,  in  a 
cellular  feldspar.  Distinct  masses  of  crystals  of  Laumonite 
are  found  in  the  same  vein  with  the  stilbite.  This  vein  is 
about  3  feet  wide,  in  gneiss,  and  can  be  seen  nearly  30  feet 
on  the  surface. 

Graphite,  in  hexagonal   laminae,  in  greyish   white   pyroxene. 

(sa.  9.39.; 

PUTNAM  co.     See  Cold  Springs,  and  Phillipstown. 

JRENSSELAER  co.      See   Greeiibush,   Hoosnck,   Lansingburg, 
Pittstown,  Sand  lake,  Sr.haghticoKe,  and  Troy. 

ROCKLAND  co.     See  Fort  Lee,  and  Haverstraw  Bay. 


396  NEW  YORK. 

SCHAGHTICOKE. 

Quartz  Crystals,   in    great   perfection    and   beauty.     Chlorite-. 

Massive  Garnet.     Rhomb  Spar.     Sulphate  ofdlumine. 
Sulphate  of  Iron.      Graphite.     Aluminous  Slate.     Hornstone. 
Hornblende,  near  Hoosac  river.  (Sil.  9.44  ) 

SCHENECTADT  co.     See  Glenville,  and  Schenectady. 

SCHOHARIE  co.     See  Carlisle,  and  Argile. 

SENECA  co.     See  Galen. 

SOUTH   EAST. 

Granular  Limestone,  very  white. 

Cereolite,  connected  with  the  limestone,  very  abundant.  (jE 

Cornelius.)    This  cereolite  is  well  characterized.  (T.  Nut 

tall.)     See  Cereolite,  page  287. 

ST.  LAWRENCE  co.     See  Canton. 
WARREN  co.     See  Caldwell  and  George  Lake. 

WARWICK. 

Serpentine,  in  rhomboidal  crystals,  the  angle  being  about  90° 
and  84°,  and  totally  different  from  Marmolite. 

Brucite  occurs  here  in  crystals,  and  in  masses  nearly  a  foot 
square,  accompanied  by 

Pale  Violet  Brown  Hornblende,  in  large  clusters  and  distinct 
crystals  of  the  common  form. 

Brown  and  Black  Spinelle,  in  mica  and  carbonate  of  lime. 

Martial  Jlrseniate  of  Copper,  in  thin  crusts  over  small  masses 
of  the  Arsenical  Iron.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

For  the  discovery  of  the  following  interesting  minerals 
which  were  expected  out  in  Silliman's  journal,  of  the  last 
dale,  the  public  are  indebted  to  Dr.  Fowler,  of  Franklin, 
and  fearing  anticipation  1  have  ventured  to  offer  the  present 
brief  notice  for  their  discoverer.  (T.  JV.) 

Brucite  in  Crystals,  of  a  pale  as  well  as  deep  orange  yellow 
color,  accompanied  by 

Spinelles  of  a  pale  or  greyish  Blue,  occupying  druses  wiih  the 
preceding  mineral. 

Pseudolite,  apparently  an  undescribed  mineral  in  regular  octa- 
hedrons, in  a  species  of  graphic  rock.  Its  color  is  leek  or 
olivaceous  green,  and  its  hardness  scarcely  greater  than  that 
of  serpentine,  which  in  substance  it  resembles,  and  has  an 
unctuous  fenl.  It  is  infusible.  It  may  be  a  pseudomor- 
phous  mineral,  occupying  the  cast  of  spinelle,  and  hence 


NEW  YORK.  29*7 

its  name  from  the  ambiguity  of  its  character.  It  possesses 
however,  a  lamellar  cleavage  in  some  directions,  indicative 
of  its  homogenity.  It  also  occurs  in  a  second  locality  with 
crystallized  serpentine  and  red  spinelle,  and  though  imper- 
fect in  form  is  readily  distinguishable  from  the  serpentine.  It 
ought  still  probably  to  be  considered  as  a  pseudornorphous 
steatitic  cast  of  spinelle,  the  centre  being  sometimes  of 
considerable  hardness. 

Red  Spinelle,  of  various  shades  of  rose,  and  when  large  in- 
clined to  brown.  The  largest  crystals  are  near  upon  4 
inches  round  the  base !  The  smallest  no  larger  than  the 
head  of  a  pin.  They  accompany  crystals  of  noble  serpen- 
tine and  masses  of  the  Pseudolite,  with  plumbago,  and,  as 
well  as  the  rest  of  these  minerals,  are  imbedded  in  a  beau- 
tiful pale  pink  colored  carbonate  of  lime. 

Black  Spinelles,  of  enormous  size,  accompanying  brucite,  and 
large  crystals  of  serpentine  of  the  common  or  impure  kind. 
The  largest  crystal  in  Dr.  Fowler's  possession,  its  discov- 
erer, gives  a  base  of  16  inches!  Many  others  give  a  base 
of  4  to  8  inches.  They  are  accompanied  by  large  crystals 
of  some  metallic  substance  in  prisms,  variously  modified, 
which  appears  to  be 

Ferriferous  Columbite.  Certainly  not  chromated  Iron,  as  I" 
had  supposed,  neither  the  chromic  acid  nor  oxide  being 
discoverable  in  it. 

Scapolite,  in  very  large  crystals,  as  well  as 

Hornblende,  in  crystals  equally  perfect  and  gigantic. 

WEST  FARMS. 

Chabasie,  in  flesh  red  cuboids  with  the  stilbite,  but  rare.  (T. 
Nuttall.) 

WEST  POINT. 

Black  Spinelle,  4|  m.  W.  from  the  Military  Academy,  in  fine 

crystals  of  a  bright  black  color. 
Zircon  ?  in  prisms  nearly  half  an  inch  in  diameter,  with  the 

sphene. 
Scapolite,  compact,  of  a  flesh  color,  and   also  crystallized,  in 

white  and  green  crystals,  as  at  Franklin,  New  Jersey.  (T. 

Wuttall.) 

38 


298 
NEW  JERSEY. 

Steatite,  on  the  banks  of  the  Delaware,  opposite  Easton.  (C.) 
This  is  in  fact  Potstone,  steatite  being  as  yet  a  rare  mineral 
in  the  United  States.  ( T.  NutlalL) 

FRANKLIN. 

FrankUnite.  Dr.  Fowler  possesses  a  crystal  of  Franklinite 
16  inches  round  the  base  !  But  the  most  perfect  crystals 
are  about  4  inches  round,  with  the  edges  so  broadly  replac- 
ed as  to  pass  into  the  dodecahedron,  but  with  dull  facets. 
The  largest  crystals  have  been  found  at  Stirling,  and  are 
accompanied  by  crystals  of  the  siliceous  oxide  of  zinc  in 
6  sided  prisms,  sometimes  terminated  with  two  pentagonal 
faces,  and  also  with  3  rhomboidal  faces.  This  mineral, 
according  to  Dr.  Troost.  is  a  new  species,  the  primitive 
form  of  its  crystals  being  a  right  prism  with  square  bases, 
while  that  of  Europe  gives  a  rhomboidal  prism. 

Crystallized  Siliceous  Oxide  of  Manganese,  of  a  hardness  suf- 
ficient to  scratch  glass,  and  readily  fusible.  The  color, 
with  all  the  brilliance  and  trenslucence  of  feldspar,  is  at  first 
rose  red,  but  by  the  weather  apparently  becomes  deep 
brownish  black.  The  crystals,  sometimes  -|  an  inch  in  di- 
ameter, present  the  primitive  form  only,  being  a  doubly  ob- 
lique prism  of  about  94°,  86°,  and  78°,  102°,  but  with  the  fa- 
ces somewhat  rough  ;  the  last  angles  are  those  of  the  termi- 
nating summit.  In  this  substance,  both  at  Franklin  and  Stir- 
ling, the  new  variety  of  spinelle  called  Dysluite,  is  common- 
ly imbedded,  and  accompanied  by  a  dark  colored  rnanga- 
nesiferous  carbonate  of  lime. 

fellow  Blende,  accompanied  by 

Carbonate  of  Zinc,  in  a  breccia. 

Steatite,  noticed  by  Dr.  Fowler,  accompanying  the  yellow 
garnet,  and  sometimes  associated  with  a  new  variety  of 

Brown  JLugite,  of  the  color  of  chocolate,  or  yellowish  brown. 

Blue  Zinciferous  Spindle,  very  dark,  but  by  transmitted  light 
indigo  blue.  The  crystals,  found  in  an  alluvial  situation, 
are  extremely  brilliant,  and  one  in  Dr.  Fowler's  possession, 
measures  4  inches  round  the  base. 

Red  Spindle,  found  by  myself,  and  afterwards  by  Dr.  Fowl- 
er, near  the  pond  or  mill  dam. 


NEW  JERSEY.  299 

Grey  Spinelle,  at  Franklin  and  Stirling,  commonly  dull  and 
opaque,  and  appears  almost  pseudomorphous. 

Black  Spinelle,  imbedded  in  mica,  the  octahedrons  some- 
times made  up  of  an  aggregate  of  minute  octahedrons,  sim- 
ilar to  a  curious  Cornish  variety  of  fluate  of  lime. 

Green  Spinelle,  in  Cubic  Crystals,  in  an  alluvial  bank  of  the 
Franklinite  on  a  mass  of  magnetic  oxide  of  iron.  The  oc- 
tahedron with  the  solid  angles  replaced,  and  thus  tending 
to  thif  form,  occurs  near  Hamburgh. 

Pyrallolite,  in  sienite.  color  greenish  yellow,  sometimes  al- 
most white.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

At  page  162,  7th  line  under  Franklin,  for  Whitish  Oxide  of 
Zinc  read  Carbonate  of  Zinc.  (T.  Nuttall.)  Page  164, 
Madurite  refer-  to  the  Delaware  mineral,  2d  line  below 
Maclnrite,  for  Greenstone,  read  Hypersthene. 

HAMBURGH. 

Black  Spinelle.  Occasionally  specimens  occur  with  the  solid 
angles  of  the  octahedron  replaced,  and  thus  tending  to  the 
cube  which  I  have  obtained  apparently  complete  and  of  a 
bright  green  color,  in  a  matrix  of  magnetic  oxide  of  iron  at 
Franklin.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

HOBOKEN. 

Gurhafite,  of  the  books,  described  as  Magnesian  Limestone, 
in  page  166. 

JWarmolite,  forming  narrow  veins  in  the  serpentine  of  Hobo- 
ken,  and  in  that  of  the  Bare  Hills  near  Baltimore  ;  in  the 
former  locality  it  sometimes  occurs  in  contact  with  the  lam- 
ellar hydrate  of  magnesia,  and  in  the  magnesian  marble. 
Its  texture  is  foliated  with  the  laminae  thin,  and  often  par- 
allel as  in  diallage  ;  sometimes  also  cleaving  in  two  direc- 
tions parallel  to  the  sides  of  an  oblique  and  compressed  4 
sided  prism.  These  laminae,  sometimes  J  of  an  inch 
broad,  are  commonly  collected  into  radiating  and  diverging 
clusters,  of  a  pale  green,  or  greenish  grey  color,  and  a 
pearly  submetallic  lustre,  easily  cut  by  a  knife,  and  almost 
perfectly  opaque,  infusible,  and  brittle.  (8il.  4.19.J  This 
mineral  differs  entirely  in  its  crystallization  from  serpentine. 
See  Warwick,  New  York,  page  296. 

-    RUTGERS'  IRON  MINE. 

This  and  the  Franklin  iron  mine  are  the  same. — Rutgers 
was  its  former  proprietor.  It  is  at  present  owned  by  Dr, 
Fowler. 


300  PENNSYLVANIA. 

• 

SOMERV1LLE  COPPER  MINE. 

Red  Oxide  of  Copper  is   found   here  crystallized   in  cubes  as 
well  as  in  octahedras.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

SCHOOLEY'S  MOUNTAIN. 
Siderographite.     This  is   found  to  be   factitious.     Page  150, 

1st' line  under  Schooley's  Mountain,   for  Granite  read  Sie- 

nite.   (T.  Nuttall.) 
Zircon,  in  reddish  brown,  4  sided  prisms,  from  -J  to  ^  an  inch 

in  length.     About  100  yards  from  Belrnont  Hall,  in  sienitic 

rock  detached.   (SiL  9.45.) 


PENNSYLVANIA. 

CHESNUT  HILL. 

Hornstone,  in  rolled  masses,  of  a  compact  texture  and  con- 
choidal  fracture,  strongly  translucent,  a  beautiful  variety. 

Jasper,  Red  and  Blue,  in  detached  masses,  loose  and  in  the 
soil. 

Green  Quartz,  crystallized  in  a  carious  quartzose  rock  ;  and 
also  with  it,  Hyalite,  in  small  white  specks,  and  botry- 
oidal  and  mammillary  masses.  The  same  locality  abounds 
with  fine  drusy  quartz.  (Carpenter  and  Spademan.) 

CHESTER    CO. 

Scapolite,  with  Epidote  and  Hornblende,  in  gneiss.  (T.  Nut- 
tall.) 

DOWNINGSTOWN. 

Carbonate  of  Lime,  composed  of  lenticular  crystals,  and 
fibres,  running  parallel,  and  sometimes  diverging,  resem- 
bling the  fibrous  arragonite,  and  forming  veins,  in  the  lime- 
stone quarries,  near,  (Carpenter  and  Spackman.) 

EASTON. 

.Noble  Serpentine,  Crystallized,  of  a  greenish  yellow  color. 
Remarked  first  by  Dr.  Swift.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

GERMANTOWN. 

The  tremolite  mentioned  as   occurring  in  Serpentine,  in  Ger- 

mautowa,  page  184,  is 
Jlnthophyllite,  associated  almost  exactly   like  that  described 

by  Mr.  Shepard,  in  Blandford,  page  28 1.  (T.  Nuttall.) 
Hornstone,  near  Germantown,  5J  m.  from  Philadelphia,  of  a 

greyish  white  color  and  conchoidal  fracture. 


PENNSYLVANIA.  301 

Garnet,  6  m.  from  Philadelphia,  in  dodecahedrons,  of  an 
opaque  reddish  brown  color,  from  the  size  of  a  pea  to  an  inch 
in  diameter,  in  sandstone,  abundant.  (G.  W.  Carpenter.) 

Cyanite,  6|  ra.  from  Philadelphia,  in  small  blades,  or  in  im- 
perfect flat  prisms,  of  a  blue  and  white  color,  in  mica  slate. 
(Carpenter  fy  Spaceman.) 

MONTGOMERY  CO. 

Anthopkyllite,  sometimes  in  dark  serpentine,  at  others  in  an 
amphibolic  mixture.  (T  Nuttall.) 

PERKIOMEN  LEAD  MINE. 

Hydrate  of  Copper. 

Calamine,  page  188,  is  the  Siliceous  Oxide  of  Zinc.  (T. 
JVuttall.) 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Actynolite,  6  m.  on  the  Germantown  and  Roxborough  town- 
shipline  road,  abundant,  in  compressed,  acicular  crystals  of 
a  rich  green  color,  traversing  a 

Granular  Epidote.  Glassy  Actynolite,  occurs  on  the  Wisahi- 
con,  12  m.,  of  a  fine  green  color,  in  talcose  rock,  in  irreg- 
ular grouped,  acicular  crystals. 

Chromate  of  Iron,  at  the  same  locality,  abundant. 

JManganesian  Garnet  is  found  abundantly  C^  m,  from  Phila- 
delphia, between  Germantown  and  Townsbipiine  road,  m«us" 
sive,  in  the  soil. 

Schorl,  5  ra.  on  the  York  road,  beautiful  velvet  black,  cylin- 
drical crystals  in  the  granite,  containing  white  beryl. 

Limpid  Quartz,  5  m.  from  Philadelphia,  between  German- 
town  and  York  road,  fine  crystals  occurring  loose  in  a 
ploughed  field. 

Pseudomorphous  Quartz,  carious  and  contorted,  in  false 
opaque  crystals,  of  various  forms,  in  globular  and  re ni form 
masses,  and  in  botryoidal  clusters,  occurring  between  York 
road  and  Gerrnanlown,  5  m.  from  Philadelphia. 

Crystallized  Mica,  6J  m.  on  the  Townshipline  road,  between 
Roxborough  and  Germantown. 

Staurotide,  6  m.  from  Philadelphia,  on  the  Wisahicon,  in  mi- 
ca slate.  ( G.  W.  Carpenter.) 

Phosphate  of  Lime,  G  m.  from  Philadelphia,  near  Wisahicon,  in 
hexahedral  prisms,  irom  £  of  an  inch  to  1  inch  in  diame- 
ter, of  a  pale  green  color,  in  Compact  Feldspar. 

Ashesloid  dctynoliie,  on  the  Wisahicon,  6|  m.  and  S  m.  from 
Philadelphia,  in  talcose  rock  in  very  delicate  fibres,  diverg- 


302      DELAWARE.    MARYLAND.  VIRGINIA. 

ing  or  radiating  from  a   centre,  of  a  fine  silky    lustre,  of  a 
greyish  white,  or   pale   green  color.  (Carpenter  fy  -^pack- 
man.) 
Amianthus,  mentioned  in  page  190  as  Jlslestus.  (T.  Nultall.) 

WEST   CHESTER. 

Rhcetizite.  (T.  NuttalL) 


DELAWARE. 

BRANDYWINE  CREEK. 

Pibrolite,  or  that  variety  called 

Bucholsite,  in  considerable   masses,  commonly   compact,  and 

of  groat   hardness,  occasionally  in  distinct  and  free   fibres. 

(T^Vuttall.) 

WILMINGTON. 

Mmandine,  or  Precious  Garnet,  found  on  Mr.  Dickson's  farm 

in  splendid  and  highly  translucent  dodecahedrons,  in  a  vein 

of  graphic  granite. 

Jlctynolite  of  a  very  fine  emerald  green.  (T.  Nuttall.) 
Feldspar,  near,  on  Mr.  Dickson's  farm,  a  beautiful  variety,  of 

a  green  tinge. 
Laumonite,  1^  m.  on  the  New  Port  road,  forming  thin  veins 

of  laminated  masses,  in  a  hornblende  rock. 

j  |  of  a   mile    from   Mr.  Dickson's  farm,   in   laminated 

masses,  the  laminae  of  which  are  slightly  curved,  of  a  pure 

white,  and  of  a  shining   and  pearly   lustre.    (Carpenter  fy 

bpackman.) 


MARYLAND. 

ANNE  ARUNDEL  CO. 

Retinasphaltum  occurs  with  the  amber,  and  is  commonly  con* 
founded  with  it.  (T.  Nuttall.) 


VIRGINIA. 

FREDERICKSBURG. 

Native  Gold,  found  in  the  bed  of  a  brook,  as  at  Cabarrus, 
North  Carolina.  ( T.  Nuttall.) 


FLORIDA.    TENNESSEE.  303 

ORANGE  CO. 

Argentiferous  Galena1,   on  Lord   Fairfax's  property,  said   to 
contain  a  considerable  portion  of  silver.  (T.  Nuttall.) 

RICHMOND.          • 

Gypsum,  in  crystals,  apparently  alluvial.  (T.  Nuttall.) 


FLORIDA. 


ALACHUA   SAVANNA. 

Compact  Limestone,  light  colored,  resembling  the  predomi- 
nant rock  of  Cuba,  on  the  western  border  of  this  Savanna, 
forming  the  nucleus  of  a  considerable  eminence,  embracing 
organic  remains.  (Sil.  9.126.J 

ANASTASIA. 

Shell  Limestone,  or  a  testaceous  formation,  constituting  the 
northern  part  of  the  island,  and  perhaps  forming  a  substra- 
tum of  the  whole  of  it,  2  or  3  m.  from  St.  Augustine,  op- 
posite. It  is  an  aggregate  of  fragments  of  various  shells, 
in  horizontal  stratified  layers,  which  easily  separate  into 
slabs.  This  rock  has  been  used  in  this  neighborhood 
since  1565.  The  fort  St.  Mark,  the  church,  and  the  gov- 
ernment-house at  St.  Augustine,  and  the  keys  along  the 
sea  shore  are  constructed  of  it.  (J.  A.  «/V.  S.  P.  4.14.)  See 
Eutaw  springs,  South  Carolina,  page  221. 

TAMPA  BAY. 

Coral,  mineralized,  in  Chalcedony,  and  Cacholong,  is  found 
near  this  bay. 

Hornstone,  Flint,  Agate,  and  Chalcedony  occur  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  secondary  disirict.  (Sil.  9.126.J 


TENNESSEE. 


FRENCH  BROAD  RIVER. 

Sulphuret  of  Mercury,  or  cinnabai,  is  said  to  have  been  found 
near  the  source  of  this  river,  and  to  exist  abundantly.  (T 
Nuttall.) 


304  ILLINOIS.     MISSOURI. 

ILLINOIS. 


GALLATIN  CO. 

Oolite,  in  the  township  of  Monroe,  4  m.  W.  of  Cave-in  Rock, 
in  detached  masses,  and  may  be  seen  in  situ  in  some  of  the 
old  diggings  made  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  lead,  reg- 
ularly stratified.  (Sil.  9.19.) 


MISSOURI. 

Jade,  along  the  banks  of  the  Missouri,  in  pebbles,  and  some- 
times imbedded  in  sard  pebbles.  (T.  NuttalL) 

MAHA  VILLAGE. 

Pulverulent  Sulphate  of  Lime,  near  the  village.    (T.  Nuttall.) 

RED  RIVER. 

Siliceous  Carbonate  of  Lime,  massive,  including  a  green  sand. 
(T. 


ADDENDA. 
MAINE. 


PARIS. 

Ferriferous  Columbite,  in   crystals  in  granite,  very  similar  to 

those  of  Hadham,  but  larger,  associated  with 
Spodumene,  of  a  greenish  white  color.  (T.  Nuttall.) 


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